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T60 Transformer Management Relay

GE Consumer & Industrial


Multilin

UR T60: INTRODUCTION

Introduction:
Multifunctional digital relay for transformer
protection:
Configurable multi-protection transformer package
Up to 4 sets of CTs and/or VTs (T60) Optional 5/6
windings
Up to 6 sets of CTs and/or VTs (T35)
Programmable FlexLogic
GOOSE and Direct I/O messaging
Easy access through HMI(Human Machine Interface)
Easy for monitoring and control PC program
Varieties of communications
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Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : FEATURES

Protections:

Transformer Percent Differential (87T)


Instantaneous Differential (87/50)
Restricted Ground Fault (87G)
Overexcitation Volts/Hz (24)
Phase/Neutral/Ground TOCs (51P, 51N, 51G)
Phase/Neutral/Ground IOCs (50P, 50N, 50G)
Phase and Neutral directional OC (67P, 67N)
Phase under- and over-voltage (27P, 59P)
Auxiliary under- and over-voltage (27X, 59X)
Neutral over-voltage (59N)
FlexElements - universal comparators
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Multilin

UR T60 : FEATURES

Controls:
Six Setting Groups

Under- and Over- frequency

Digital Elements
Digital Counters
Selector Switch
Synchcheck (optional)

Inputs/Outputs

Contact Inputs and Outputs


Virtual Inputs and Outputs
Direct Inputs and Outputs
Remote Inputs and Outputs(GOOSE)
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UR T60 : FEATURES

Metering and Monitoring:


Currents(phasors and true RMS) phase, ground, neutral,
symmetrical components and demand
Voltages(phasors and true RMS) phase, ground, neutral and
symmetrical components
Power - active, reactive, apparent, power factor
Energy and energy demand
Per-phase differential and restraint currents
Ground differential and restraint currents
Per-phase 2-nd and 5-th harmonics on differential currents
2-nd to 25-th harmonics currents and THD
Oscillography
Event Recorder
Data Logger
One PMU Element
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Multilin

UR T60 : WIRING AND CT POLARITY

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Multilin

UR T60 : WIRING AND CT POLARITY

Wye

Delta

Wye

Wye

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Multilin

UR T60 : WIRING AND CT POLARITY


D/Y30

I1

WYE connected CTs

I2

*
*

*
*

WYE connected CTs

i2 sec

i1 sec
T60

transformer primary
currents phase A

i1 sec

T60

*
i2 sec

CT secondary currents,
when connected to the
relay phase A

i2 sec
-30

I1
I2

i1 sec
-210

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Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : CTs AND TRANSFORMER WINDINGS SETUP

STEP 1. CT inputs

STEP 2. Source configuration

STEP 3. Number of windings

STEP 4. Transformer windings

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Industrial
Multilin

STEP 4. Transformer windings setup

Winding capacity (MVA) per


transformer nameplate

Source (SRC) for winding


currents per Step 3
Winding phase-to-phase
voltage rating as per
transformer nameplate

Winding connection type

Winding grounding within


87T protection zone
The angle of
Winding 1 must be
entered as 0 for any
transformer setup

Angle, by which winding 2


currents lag winding 1
currents With Respect To
(WRT) winding 1 angle of
0 degrees

Winding series resistance

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Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : PHASE COMPENSATIONS


Transformer: D/Y30
DELTA winding primary
currents
IC(-240 deg.)

WYE winding primary


currents
ic(-270)

-IB(-300 deg.)

- IA(-180 deg.)

ABC rotation:

IA(0 deg.)

ib(-150)
IB(-120 deg.)

ia(-30 )

- IC(-60 deg.)

Compensated WYE
and DELTA
secondary currents

WYE and DELTA


secondary currents
seen on the relay

IC'

IC'

ib'(-300)

ib'(-330)

ia'(-210)

-210 deg.

IA'

IB'

IA'

ia'(-180)

IB'

ic'(-60)

ic'(-90)
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Multilin

UR T60 : PHASE COMPENSATIONS

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Multilin

UR T60 : MAGNITUDE COMPENSATION

As of firmware 3.40, a new setting


Reference Winding Selection has
been implemented. The user can
select a winding from the menu, to
be a reference winding, which
automatically selects the CT of this
winding (CT setup) as an unit for
percent differential protection.

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : MAGNITUDE COMPENSATIONS


87T magnitude reference set to Automatic:
1.

Calculates the rated current per each winding :

Irated(w1)= MVA/(kV(w1)* 3)
Irated(w2)= MVA/(kV(w2)* 3)

2.

Calculates the CT margin for each winding:

L margin(w1) = CT primary(w1)/I rated (w1)


L margin(w2) = CT primary(w2)/I rated (w2)

3.

Finds the lowest CT margin:


REFERENCE CT: = min [L margin(w1), L margin(w2)]

4.

Finds the magnitude coefficients, by which the currents


from the corresponding winding are multiplied

M(W)= [CT prim(W).V nom(W)] / [CT prim(Wref).V nom(W ref)]

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : MAGNITUDE COMPENSATIONS


87T magnitude reference set to Winding 3 example only:

REFERENCE: kV(W3) and CTprim.(W3)- references


If this is three-winding transformer, the magnitude scaling coefficients
by which the currents from each winding are multiplied are the
following:
M(W1)= [CT prim(W1).kV(W1)] / [CT prim(W3).kV(W3)]
M(W2)= [CT prim(W2).kV(W2)] / [CT prim(W3).kV(W3)]
M(W3)= [CT prim(W3).kV(W3)] / [CT prim(W3).kV(W3)]= 1 : as reference

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Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : DIFFERENTIAL AND RESTRAINT CURRENTS

COMPENSATED CURRENTS:
I1COMP = C1*M1(w1)*(I1SEC/CT1RATIO)
I2COMP = C2*M2(w2)*(I2SEC/CT2RATIO) where,
C1, C2 - phase shift coefficients ( C = 1 for the phase reference
winding)
M1, M2 - magnitude coefficients ( M = 1 for the magnitude
reference winding)
DIFFERENTIAL SIGNAL:

IDIFF. = I1COMP + I2COMP


RESTRAINING SIGNAL:

IRESTR. = max ( |I1COMP| , | I2COMP|)


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Multilin

UR T60 : DIFFERENTIAL-RESTRAINT CHARACTERISTIC

Two slopes used to cope with:

d iffe re n tia l

small errors during linear operation of the CTs


(S1) and
large CT errors (saturation) for high through
currents (S2)

S2

S1
A

B1 B2

restraining
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Multilin

UR T60 : DIFFERENTIAL-RESTRAINT CHARACTERISTIC

Two breakpoints used to specify:

d iffe re n tia l

the safe limit of linear CT operation (B1) and


the minimum current level that may cause large
spurious differential signals due to CT
saturation (B2)

S2

S1
A

B1 B2

restraining
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Multilin

UR T60 : DIFFERENTIAL-RESTRAINT CHARACTERISTIC


Id, pu
T60 BIASED DIFFERENTIAL
( LOGIC DIAGRAM )

NO TRIP

NO

S2

Id > PKP

S1

YES

Ir < B1

NO

YES

NO

B1 < Ir < B2

Min. PKP
B1

Id/Ir%>S1

B2

Ir, pu

NO

YES

Id/Ir,% >S1&S2

YES
YES

NO

Ir > B2

Id/Ir, % >S2

YES

TRIP

NO

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : DIFFERENTIAL-RESTRAINT CHARACTERISTIC

Real time differential/restraint ratio


monitoring

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : DIFFERENTIAL AND RESTRAINT CURRENTS

DIFFERENTIAL SIGNAL:
Removal of the zero sequence component from the differential signal:
optional for delta-connected windings
enables to cope with in-zone grounding transformers and in-zone
cables with significant zero-sequence charging currents
Removal of the decaying dc component
Full-cycle Fourier algorithm for measuring both the differential
current phasor and the second and fifth harmonics
RESTRAINING SIGNAL:
Removal of the decaying dc component
Full-cycle Fourier algorithm for measuring the magnitude
Maximum of principle used for deriving the restraining signal from
the terminal currents.

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : 87T PERFORMANCE ON CT SATURATION


Saturation of CT(1000:5) on ph A to G
fault on 100MVA, 230/69kV, D/Y30
transformer.
Max Id/Ir ratio = 0.57 *100% = 57%

Full DC offset
TDC = 67 ms
Light CT saturation on fault current with
full DC offset
Ext2_PhA_Sat

Series1

Id/Ir, %
90
80
70

Id, pu

60

S2

Id/Ir =0. 57

Id/Ir = 0

50
40
30
20
10

S1

1361

1276

1191

1106

936

1021

851

766

681

596

511

426

341

Ir, pu

256

B2

171

B1

86

Min. PKP

Sample #:
GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : 87T PERFORMANCE ON CT SATURATION


External B to C fault on Y side of the
D/Y30, transformer.
100MVA, 230/69kV
Maximum Id/Ir,% = 50%
No DC offset!
Severe CT saturation on symmetrical
fault current

Ext9_Sat

Series1

Id/Ir, %
60
50

Id, pu

40

S2

Id/Ir =0. 5

Id/Ir = 0

30
20
10

S1

1061

955

1008

902

849

796

743

690

637

584

531

478

425

372

319

266

213

Ir, pu

160

B2

107

B1

54

Min. PKP

Sample #:
GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : CT SATURATION TESTS


External B to C fault on Y side of the
D/Y30, transformer.
100MVA, 230/69kV
Maximum Id/Ir,% = 87%
Full DC offset
TDC = 83 ms
Severe CT saturation on fault current
with DC offset
Series1

Ext6_Sat_phB
Id/Ir, %

B2

1137

995

924

853

782

711

640

569

498

1066

Ir, pu

427

B1

356

S1
Min. PKP

285

Id/Ir = 0

214

Id/Ir =0. 87

143

S2

72

Id, pu

100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0

Sample #:
GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: 87T 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT

Adaptive
Adaptive 2-nd
2-nd harmonic
harmonic
Traditional
Traditional 2-nd
2-nd harmonic
harmonic

Per-Phase
Per-Phase
2-out-of-3
2-out-of-3 (Cross-Phase)
(Cross-Phase)
Average
Average

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: 87T 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT


Adapt. 2nd
Trad. 2nd

Per phase
2-out-of-3
Average

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: 87T 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT

Percent Differential Harmonic Inhibiting


2-nd harmonic mode:
Adaptive 2-nd harmonic
Traditional 2-nd harmonic

selected
harmonic
mode

Inhibit Percent
Differential
Operation

Inrush Inhibit Mode:


Per - Phase
2-out-of-3

selected
inhibit
mode

FlexLogic
operands

Average

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: 87T 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT

Adaptive 2-nd harmonic


uses both the magnitude and phase relation
between the second harmonic and the
fundamental frequency (60Hz) components

Traditional 2-nd harmonic


Uses only the magnitude of the 2-nd harmonic,
without considering the phase angle with the
fundamental component

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: 87T 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT


Per-phase
The 2-nd harmonic from an individual phase, blocks the
operation of the differential protection for only that phase, if
above the 2-nd harmonic setting
2-out-of-3
The detection of 2-nd harmonic on any two phases that is
higher than the setting, blocks the differential protection on all
three phases.
Adaptive Average 2nd harmonic inhibit
The averaged amount of 2-nd harmonic from the three phases,
blocks the differential protection for all of them, if above the
setting.
GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: 87T 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT


Dynamic switching of the Average 2nd harmonic inhibit during energization:

When the differential current on all three phases is above 0.04pu during energization,
the denominator is equal 3.
%2

nd harmonic

%2nd(phA)+%2nd(phB)+%2nd(phC)
3

If the differential current on one phase drops below 0.04pu earlier than the other two phases
During energization, the denominator is automatically decreased from 3 to 2.
%2nd harmonic =

%2nd(phB)+%2nd(phC)

2
If the differential currents on two of the phases drop below the cutoff value of 0.04pu, the
denominator is decreased from 3 to 1.
%2

nd harmonic

2nd(phC)
1

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: 87T 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT


i [A]

Sample
magnetizing
Sample(a)
magnetizing
inrush
inrushcurrent
current

1500

1000

500

-400

I2 /I

10

11

Time (cycles)
(b)

Second
Secondharmonic
harmonic
ratio
ratio

0.8
0.6
0.4
0.2
0

10

Time (cycles)
GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: 87T 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT

Differential current
Fundamental
phasor
2nd harmonic
phasor

Solution:
Solution:

II22
II22

II21

arg
I

arg
I

arg
I

arg
I
2
1
j

t
21
2
1
j

t
II11
II11ee
GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: 87T 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT


Operating foundations of the Adaptive 2nd harmonic
inhibit:
if the second harmonic drops magnitude-wise below
20%, the phase angle of the complex second harmonic
ratio is close to either +90 or
-90 degrees during inrush conditions
the phase angle may not display the 90-degree
symmetry if the second harmonic ratio is above some
20%
if the second harmonic ratio falls bellow 20% making
an angle of 90 with the fundamental current, the
algorithm applies adaptive lenses, and time for which
the 87T protection is inhibited.
GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: 87T 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT


Effective restraint characteristic:
characteristic:
time
time(cycles)
(cycles)the
therestraint
restraintisiskept
kept
vs.
vs.complex
complexsecond
secondharmonic
harmonicratio
ratio

Effective
restraint
Isochrone
Isochronecontours,
contours,cycles
cycles
0.25
0.25
0.2
0.2

I / I (imaginary)
I22/ I11(imaginary)

0.15
0.15
0.1
0.1

4
4

5
5

-0.05
-0.05

2
2 44

00

0.1
0.1

0.05
0.05

-0.1
-0.1

33

-0.15
-0.15
-0.2
-0.2
-0.25
-0.25
-0.2
-0.2

-0.1
-0.1

00
I2I / /I1I (real)
(real)
2

0.1
0.1

0.2
0.2

0.3
0.3

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Multilin

UR T60: 87T ADAPTIVE 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT

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UR T60: 87T ADAPTIVE 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT EXAMPLES


Inrush current on transformer energization phase C
74.76ms
= 4. 5
cycles

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: 87T ADAPTIVE 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT EXAMPLES


Transformer D/Y30, 13.8/115 kV energized from Wye side

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: 87T ADAPTIVE 2ND HARMONIC INHIBIT EXAMPLES


Inrush current on transformer energization phase A
2.11 cycles(60Hz)

2-nd hrmc=9.9%

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60&T35 : OVERALL BENEFITS

Up to four restraints(T60) and up to six supported


by UR T35
Improved transformer auto-configuration
Improved dual-slope differential characteristic
Improved second harmonic restraint
Benefits of the UR platform (back-up
protection,metering and oscillography, event
recorder, data logger, FlexLogicTM, fast peer-topeer communication)

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: INSTANTANEOUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

T60
T60 Instantaneous
Instantaneous Differential
Differential Protection
Protection

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: INSTANTANEOUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: INSTANTANEOUS DIFFERENTIAL PROTECTION

87T/50 PICKUP SETTING:


The setting must be higher than the maximum differential current the
relay may detect on through fault accounting for CT saturation
The setting must be higher than the maximum inrush current during
energization
The setting must be lower, than the maximum internal fault current

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION

Restricted
Restricted Ground
Ground Fault
Fault (RGF)
(RGF) protection
protection

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION


Low impedance ground differential protection
Adjustable pickup and slope settings to cope with unbalances during
load and through fault currents
Configurable time delay not needed after the RGF enhancements

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION


Igd, pu

S lope

Min. PKP
I = max( IR1, IR2, IR0 ), pu

Positive sequence based restraint:


IR1 =3*(|I1| - |I0|), if |I1| > 1.5 pu,
and |I1| > |I0|
else IR1 = |I1| / 8

Ground differential current:


Igd =| IG + IN | =| IG +IA + IB + IC) |
Ground restraint current:
Igr = max (IR1, IR2, IR0)

Negative sequence based restraint:


IR2 =| I2 | for first 2 cycles on
transformer energization
IR2 =3*| I2 | - in normal conditions
Zero sequence based restraint:
IR0 =| IG - IN | =| IG (IA + IB + IC) |
GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION


CT SATURATION
IA

IB

IC

IG

Igd

Igr
Igr currents starts decaying and will reach
50% of its initial magnitude after 15.5 cycles

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60: RESTRICTED GROUND FAULT PROTECTION


Excel simulation tool for RGF protection tests

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : SOURCES CONFIGURATIONS AND BENEFITS

T60
T60 Benefits
Benefits of
of Source
Source configuration
configuration and
and
some
some useful
useful applications
applications

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : SOME USEFUL TESTS

Some
Some useful
useful Percent
Percent Differential
Differential tests
tests

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : SOME USEFUL TESTS


Excel simulation tool for transformer differential protection tests

Website:
http://www.geindustrial.com/cwc/products?pnlid=6&famid=31&catid=213&id=t60&typeId=9&lang=en_US
GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60 : SOME USEFUL TESTS


Example 1 :
D/y30 transformer

Ia(f)=1 pu @ 0 deg.

IA(f)=0.577 pu @ 0 deg.
A

Fault

Ib(f)=0

IB(f)=0 pu
B

C
Ic(f)=0

IC(f) =0.577 pu @ -180 deg.

Diagram 1

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

UR T60/T35

Good
Good Luck
Luck !!

GE Consumer &
Industrial
Multilin

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