Job Safety Analysis

John Newquist
March 17, 2010

Training Objectives
Explain the need for JSAs
Explain the benefits of JSAs
Provide the information necessary to
properly complete JSAs
Provide the tools necessary to properly
complete JSAs

What Is Job Safety Analysis?

Method used to break a job task into
separate and distinct steps
Evaluate the hazards associated with
each step
Determine the appropriate controls
needed to control each of the identified
hazards

Benefits of Job Safety Analysis

Identifies unsafe work practices before an
accident occurs
Decreases injury rates
Increases quality
Increases productivity
Alternative to using rates as an Incentive
only!!!

Uses Of Job Safety Analyses

Evaluate existing jobs

Set up new jobs
Training and re-training tool
Prioritize jobs needing re-design
Ties in closely with other job analyses
(quality & productivity studies, RTW)
Reference in accident investigations

No JSA = Bad
The report found that risk assessment was
often incomplete, that business units did not
understand or address major hazards, and that
competency in risk and hazard assessment was
poor. BP March 2004 audit finding.
Many [people] reported errors due to a lack of
time for job analysis, lack of adequate staffing, a
lack of supervisor staffing, or a lack of resident
knowledge of the unit in the supervisory staff.
2005 Telus survey

Definition Of Key Words

Job task
Job step
Hazard
Exposure
Control
Accident / Incident

Definition Of Key Words Example

Job Task - change a light bulb

Job Step - climb ladder
Hazard - defects on ladder
Exposure - injury from ladder fall
Control - inspect ladders before use and
remove from service if defective
Accident / Incident - fall with or
without injury

One JSA Process, Three Goals

SAFETY

PROCESS

PRODUCTIVITY

QUALITY

= PROFITS

Where To Start?

Pick 3!
Accident history
Employee complaints
Jobs with close calls
Potential Jobs with serious injuries
What else?

Involve Employees

Discuss what you are going to do

and why
Explain that you are studying the
task, not employee performance
Involve the employees in the entire
process

Important Tips
Evaluate all aspects of the job task,
even if performed infrequently
Observe more than one employee
doing a specific job task
Observe more than one shift
Take enough time observing the job
Observe a worker actually doing the
job, not just describing job

CASE STUDY
Boxed Paper Handling

Boxed Paper Handling

From Madison
Receipt of boxes from
delivery.
Hazards Identified Back
Injury; Muscle
strain/sprain
Control: Request delivery
person to place boxes
close to their intended
storage location.
If moving of full boxes is
necessary, use dolly/cart.

Boxed Paper Handling

Lifting boxes
Hazards Identified Back
Injury; Muscle
strain/sprain
Control: Remove at least
4 reams of paper
(reduces weight to 32
lbs.)(each ream of paper
weights approx. 5 lbs.)
Use proper lifting
techniques

Boxed Paper Handling

Cutting boxes open.
Hazards Identified:
Lacerations
Control: Utilize
properly guarded
tools and safe cutting
techniques (i.e.,
scissors or retractable
utility knife)

Boxed Paper Handling

Place reams on shelf.
Hazards Identified Back
Injury; Muscle
strain/sprain
Control: Place box to
minimize twisting,
bending and other
hazardous movement as
much as possible.
Use of proper lifting
techniques

Boxed Paper Handling

Storage of boxes
Back Injury; Muscle
strain/sprain (full
boxes weigh 52 lbs)
Control: Store boxes
with at least 4 reams
of paper removed.

Do you Critique JSAs?

My attitude is, if
someone's going to
criticize me, tell me to
my face.
Simon Cowell

Exercise: Parts deburring

Define the job task to
be studied
Observe task and
break into major steps
Record results
Lets dissect this JSA
from a company
What is missing?

Job Hazard Analysis Exercise

Break the job task into steps.

Instructions For Conducting A Job

Hazard Analysis
Identify the hazards of each step. For each hazard, ask:

What can go wrong?

What are the consequences?
How could it happen?
What are other contributing factors?
How likely is it that the hazard will occur?

Job Hazard Analysis Exercise

Do you agree?

Instructions For Conducting A Job

Hazard Analysis
Eliminate or Reduce Hazards with Protective Measures
Hierarchy of controls
Elimination
Substitution
Engineering controls
Administrative controls
Personal protective equipment

Job Hazard Analysis Exercise

Are these good protective

measures?

BRAINSTORM!

Change a
Light Bulb
Exercise

Three Step Procedure &

Exercise
Identify each major step of the job task
List the hazard(s) to each major step
Determine the control(s) that would prevent
an accident for each hazard identified
Break into groups
List only three steps, hazards, control for
changing a light bulb
Go!!!

Changing A Light Bulb

Event Date: 08/19/2009
An employee was on an aluminum ladder over
twenty five feet from the ground when working
on replacing a ballast for a 400 watt mercury
light bulb.
The power supply line was energized.
The circuit breaker for the lighting fixture was
tripped.
The employee fell off the ladder.
The employee was taken to a hospital where he
was pronounced dead.

Changing A Light Bulb

Event Date: 01/31/2008

Changing 277/480v light bulbs in the parking lot lamps
Outside the store using an aerial lift.
The lamps had been energized to discover which bulbs needed to be replaced.
The lamps were not de-energized prior to the deceased working on it.
The deceased was using a screw driver (a 8.5-inch phillips head screw driver) that
was not insulated, and he was not using any type of electrical protective equipment.
The deceased was having difficulty in opening the light housing on the lamp
because the lid to the housing had two stripped screws.
The deceased apparently reached into the light housing to replace the light bulb and
was electrocuted.
The bulb was found broken after the accident.
According to the medical examiner's report, the deceased died from cardiac
ventricular dysrhythmia due to electrocution.
He had an electrical burn on his right palm.

Post Job Hazard Analysis

What do I do next ?

Correct the unsafe conditions and

processes.
Train all employees who do the job on the
changes
Make sure they understand the changes
Assign additional needed actions/follow-ups

Job Safety Analysis - Blank form - Copy for use at the workplace

Item

Work activity

Hazard

Risk control

Persons responsible

Completion

Number

Break the job down into steps

What could harm someone?

What can be done to make

Who will make sure it

Date and signoff

the job sale?

happens?

Summary JSA Training Steps

1) Define meaning of JSA
2) Benefits and why JSAs are important
3) Select the job to be analyzed
4) Prepare the JSA form
5) Break the job task into steps
6) Identify the hazards
7) Identify the controls
8) Correct unsafe conditions and processes
9) Assign additional needed actions/follow-ups
10) Review JSAs
11) Use JSAs for training and accident investigation

Training Objectives?
Explain the need for JSAs?
Explain the benefits of JSAs?
Provide the information necessary to
properly complete JSAs?
Provide the tools necessary to
properly complete JSAs?

Contact
John Newquist
230 S Dearborn, Ste 3244, Chicago IL
60604
Newquist.john@dol.gov
312-353-5977