LTE System Overview Training

LTE System
Overview
www.huawei.com
Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.
Objectives
Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:
Describe LTE development and features
Outline LTE network architecture
Explain LTE key technologies
Describe LTE protocol and channel
Describe LTE deployment
Page3
Contents
1.
LTE System Overview
2.
LTE Key Technologies
3.
LTE Protocol and Channels
4.
LTE Deployment
Page4
Contents
1.
LTE System Overview
2.
3.
4.
LTE Deployment
Page5
Contents
1.
LTE System Overview

1.1 LTE Development
1.2 LTE Network Architecture
1.3 LTE Operating Bands and Channel Bandwidths
Page6
3G Long Term Evolution--LTE

DL: ~141Mbps
UL: ~50Mbps
~~150
150
ms
ms
~~100
100
ms
ms
LTE in R8
DL: ~42Mbps
UL: ~11Mbps
HSPA+ in R7/R8
DL: ~14.4Mbps
UL: ~5.76Mbps
HSPA in R5/R6
~70
~70
ms
ms
DL: ~384Kbps
UL: ~384Kbps
DL: ~144-360Kbps
UL: ~144-360Kbps
~45
~45
ms
ms
3G-WCDMA in
R99/R4
~20m
~20m
ss
GPRS/EDGE
Year
2002
2003
2004
2005
2006
2007
2008
2009
2010
2011
2012 or later
LTE is the next step in the evolution of 3GPP Radio Interfaces to deliver Global
Mobile Broadband.
Page7
Drivers for LTE
There are at least three major key drivers for LTE mobile
broadband networks:
Demand for higher data-rates
increasing device capabilities, growing mobile data consumption
New spectrum allocation
Maintaining operator profitability while continued cost

reduction and competitiveness.
Page8
Contents
1.
LTE System Overview

1.1 LTE Development
Page9
LTE Network Architecture
E-UTRAN (Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access

Network)
Page10
LTE/SAE Network Architecture cont.

SAE
SGSN
Gb
GPRS
BTS
BSC/PCU
EPS (Evolved Packet System)

Control plane
User plane
Iu
S3
S6d
NodeB
MME
RNC
S12
S1-MME
S11
S9
S4
eNodeB
Serving GW
A10/A11
SGi
Corporate
Internet
BTS
BSC
Internet
PDN GW
S2a
cdma2000
Operator Service
Network
Gx
S5/8
S1-U
E-UTRAN
PCRF
S6a
S10
UMTS
HSS
PDSN
Page11
Contents
1.
LTE System Overview

1.1 LTE Development
Page12
LTE Operating Bands
LTE supports both FDD mode and TDD mode.
3GPP defines many bands for LTE.
Page13
LTE Channel Bandwidths
LTE must support the international wireless market and

regional spectrum regulations and spectrum availability. To
this end the specifications include variable channel
bandwidths selectable from 1.4 to 20 MHz, with subcarrier
spacing of 15 kHz.
Channel bandwidth
BWChannel [MHz]
1.4
10
15
20
Transmission
bandwidth
configuration NRB
15
25
50
75
100
NRB is the number of resource

blocks
Page14
Contents
1.
LTE System Overview
2.
3.
4.
LTE Deployment
Page15
OFDMA: Orthogonal frequency division multiple

access
SC-FDMA: Single carrier-frequency division multiple

access
MIMO: Multiple input multiple output
64QAM
Page16
Multiple access technology in the

downlink: OFDM and OFDMA
OFDMA is used as multiple access technology in downlink. OFDMA

is a variant of orthogonal frequency division multiplexing (OFDM),
a digital multi-carrier modulation scheme.
5 MHz Bandwidth
FFT
Sub-carriers
Guard Intervals
Symbols
Frequency
Time
OFDM signal represented in frequency and time

Page17

downlink: OFDM and OFDMA (cont.)
OFMDA incorporates elements of time division multiple

access (TDMA).
Page18
Downlink OFDM Implementation
S/P
IFFT
P/S
Tx. filter: G T( )
s(t)
Add
Cyclic
Prefix
Transmitter
Receiver
r(t)
P/S
FFT
Remove
Cyclic
Prefix
S/P
n(t)
Rx. filter: G T( )
Channel
Channel: H( )
Page19
Downlink OFDM Implementation

(cont.)
Page20

uplink: SC-FDMA
The high peak-to-average ratio (PAR) associated with

OFDM led 3GPP to look for a different transmission
scheme for the LTE uplink.
SC-FDMA is used in uplink as multiple access technology.
Page21
Comparison of OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Page22
Overview of MIMO
MIMO: Multiple Input Multiple Output
Transmitter
Wireless
Wireless
Channel
Channel
Receiver
Channel Condition Feedback
Page23
What can MIMO provide?
Here is a example for 2*2 MIMO.

Data Stream
1
Transmitter
Wireless
Wireless
Channel
Channel
Receiver
Data Stream
2
Channel Condition Feedback
Page24
LTE Multiple Antenna Scheme
In downlink LTE can use 2*2 or higher order MIMO to

increase date rate.
In uplink MU-MIMO (multi-user MIMO) can be used to

double uplink capacity.
With MU-MIMO the uplink peak data rate of single user can not
be doubled.
Page25
AMC & 64QAM
AMC, Adaptive Modulation and Coding
the radio-link data rate is controlled by adjusting the

modulation scheme and/or the channel coding rate
DL/UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
Page26
Contents
1.
LTE System Overview
2.
3.
4.
LTE Deployment
Page27
Contents
3.
LTE Protocol Stacks and Channels

3.1 LTE Protocol Stacks
3.2 LTE Channels
3.3 LTE Radio Frame
Page28
Functional Split between E-UTRAN

and EPC
Page29
Radio Interface Protocol Architecture
Page31
Radio Interface Protocol Architecture

(cont.)
User-plane protocol stack
Control-plane protocol stack
Page32
LTE Physical Channel
DL
Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH)
Physical Control Format Indicator Channel (PCFICH)
Physical Downlink Control Channel (PDCCH)
Physical Hybrid ARQ Indicator Channel (PHICH)
Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH)
Physical Multicast Channel (PMCH)
UL
Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH)
Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)
Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)
Page33
LTE Transport Channel
Physical layer transport channels offer information transfer to

medium access control (MAC) and higher layers
DL
Broadcast Channel (BCH)
Downlink Shared Channel (DL-SCH)
Paging Channel (PCH)
Multicast Channel (MCH)
UL
Uplink Shared Channel (UL-SCH)
Random Access Channel (RACH)
Page34
LTE Logical Channel
Logical channels are offered by the MAC layer
Control Channels: Control-plane information
Broadcast Control Channel (BCCH)
Paging Control Channel (PCCH)
Dedicated Control Channel (DCCH)
Multicast Control Channel (MCCH Dedicated Control Channel)
Common Control Channel (CCCH)
Traffic Channels: User-plane information
Dedicated Traffic Channel (DTCH): transmission of all uplink and

non-MBMS downlink user data
Multicast Traffic Channel (MTCH): transmission of MBMS services
Page36
Channel Mappings
Page37
Frame Structure
FDD frame structure
TDD frame structure
Page38
Resource Grid
Page39
Bandwidth Configuration
Page40
Contents
1.
LTE System Overview
2.
3.
4.
LTE Deployment
Page41
LTE Network Composition

LTE
SAE
Page42
LTE Network Transport

eNB
100/1000Base-T, RJ45
100Base-FX/1000Base-X,
SM or MM Fiber, SFPbased connector
IP
MAC
PHY
RNC/BSC
FE/GE
FE/GE
IP/Ethernet
IP/Ethernet
Network
Network
FE/GE o/e
Legacy
2G/3G
FE/GE
SAE GW
/PDN GW
eNB
eN
B
FE/GE
FE/GE
Co-transmission with legacy 2G/3G
Co-transmission for Multi-mode base station
eNB
eNB
FE/GE
eNB
BTS/Node B
FE/GE
FE/GE
eNB Daisy-chaining with integrated IP switching
Page43
eNodeB 3900 Series

eNB
Modularization
1
RRU/RFU
BBU
uniNodeB
Platform
GSM/TD-SCDMA/WCDMA/CDMA/LTE Unified All-IP Base Station

Architecture
Modularization
Using BBU plus RRU and RFU leads to a flexible configuration for
Distributed and Macro.
Multimode
Modularization Supports Different Modes
Page44
Smooth evolution to LTE

GSM / UMTS / HSPA(14.4M/5.76M) /
HSPA+(28M/11.5M)
LTE (100M/50M)
Different band
Same band
Software upgrade
RRU
GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RRU
LTE RRU
Adding LTE RRU

LTE Card
BBU
Same band
Software upgrade
GSM/HSPA(+)/LTE RFU
BBU
Cabinet-based Node B
Different band
LTE RFU
BBU
Adding LTE RFU
LTE Card
Investment protection while evolving from GSM/UMTS to LTE
Radio units for GSM/UMTS and LTE are inter-changeable in the same frequency band
Baseband boards in multi-mode BBU are inter-changeable between GSM/UMTS and LTE
Page45
Flexible evolution for Cabinet NodeB

UUU
+++
HHH
UMTS/HSPA
rollout
GGGGGG
S SS S S S
MMMMMM
GSM
update/rollout
UUU L L L
+++ T T T
HHH E E E
LTE for high speed

mobile broadband
GSM&UMTS operator
UMTS roll out will
reduce GSM
UUU GGG
expansion
+++ S S S
investment at HHHMMM
hot spot
UMTS/HSPA + LTE
convergence
LLLLLL
TTTTTT
EEEEEE
Reuse GSM
frequency resource
for LTE
LTE for mobile
broadband
UMTS/HSPA +
GSM
GSM for Voice
HSPA/LTE for
Data network
Operator issue
New business
ALL IP service
LTE
GGG L L L
SSS T TT
MMME E E
Operator issue
New business
ALL IP service
GSM + LTE Data

network convergence
Page46
Summary
Standardization in the form of 3GPP Release 8
Support for both FDD and TDD.
Flexible spectrum allocation (1.4 ~ 20 MHz).
IP-based flat network architecture
Multicarrier-based radio air interface
OFDMA and SC-FDMA
Multi-input multi-output (MIMO)
Adaptive modulation and coding
DL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
UL modulations: QPSK, 16QAM, and 64QAM
ARQ within RLC sublayer and Hybrid ARQ within MAC sublayer
Page47
LTE Standard Specifications
Freely downloadable from
http://www.3gpp.org/ftp/Specs/archive/36_series/
Page48
Thank you
www.huawei.com

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LTE System

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.

Upon completion of this course, you will be able to:

Describe LTE development and features

Outline LTE network architecture

Explain LTE key technologies

Describe LTE protocol and channel

Describe LTE deployment

Copyright 2010 Huawei Technologies Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.