HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISM

1. CONDUCTION

T
Q= k.A. x (W)

x o
Rcond = k.A
( C/W)
HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISM

2. CONVECTION

Q = h.A(Ts - T) (W)

1 o
Rconv = h. A
( C/W)
HEAT TRANSFER MECHANISM
3. RADIATION

Q = As T s
4
(W)
CONDUCTION
CONDUCTION
 CONDUCTION (SOLUTION)
The roof of an electrically
heated home is 6 m long, 8
m wide, and 0.25 m thick,
and is made of a flat layer of
concrete whose thermal
conductivity is k = 0.8
W/m.°C. The temperatures
of the inner and the outer
surfaces of the roof one
night are measured to be
15°C and 4°C, respectively.
Determine the rate of heat
loss through the roof that
night.
CONVECTION, Q = h A (Ts – T)
 CONVECTION (EXAMPLE)
A 2-m-long, 0.3-cm-diameter electrical wire extends across
a room at 15°C, as shown in Fig. 1–33. Heat is generated in
the wire as a result of resistance heating, and the surface
temperature of the wire is measured to be 152°C in steady
operation. Also, the voltage drop and electric current
through the wire are measured to be 60 V and 1.5 A,
respectively. Disregarding any heat transfer by radiation,
determine the convection heat transfer coefficient for heat
transfer between the outer surface of the wire and the air
in the room.
CONVECTION (SOLUTION)

• P = VI = (60 V)(1.5 A) = 90 W
• As = DL = (0.003 m)(2 m) = 0.01885

• Q = h A (Ts – T)
 RADIATION
Q   . . As .T
s
4

Q   (Ts  Tsurr )
4 4
 RADIATION (EXAMPLE)
Consider a person standing in a
room maintained at 22°C at all
times. The inner surfaces of the
walls, floors, and the ceiling of
the house are at an average
temperature of 10°C in winter
and 25°C in summer.
Determine the rate of radiation
heat transfer between this
person and the surrounding
surfaces if the exposed surface
area and the average outer
surface temperature of the
person are 1.4 m2 and 30°C.
RADIATION (SOLUTION)
SIMULTANS MODE

Konveksi = Q1, Q5, Q8

Konduksi = Q2, Q6
Radiasi = Q3, Q4, Q7
COMPOSITE WALL
• Q = Ttot/Rth,tot

• Rth,tot = Rth,A + Rth,B + Rth,C

COMPOSITE WALL

Q = Ttot/Rth,tot
Rth,tot = Jabarkan (tugas)
COMPOSITE WALL + CONVEKSI
COMPOSITE WALL + CONVEKSI
SILINDER dan BOLA
SILINDER dan BOLA
Silinder :

Bola :
SILINDER dan BOLA Komposit
SILINDER Komposit

= (T1 – T2)/Rtotal
SOAL LATIHAN

• Sebuah lapisan serat kaca tebalnya 13

cm. Beda suhu antara kedua permukaan
adalah 85 oC. Konduktivitas termal serat
kaca adalah 0.035 W/m.oC. Hitunglah
kalor yang dipindahkan melalui bahan itu
per jam per satuan luas.
JAWAB

• Diketahui serat kaca

• X = 13 cm; delta T 85 ooC; Konduktivitas
•1.4 W/m. C.
termal 0.035 W/m.oC.
• Q/A = 22.8 W/m2 = 22.8 W.h/m2
SOAL LATIHAN
• Sebuah dinding dilapisi isolasi yang
memiliki konduktivitas termal 1.4
W/m.oC setebal 2,5 cm. Suhu bagian
dalam isolasi adalah 315 oC. Suhu
udara luar 38 oC. Dinding
melepaskan kalor ke lingkungan
secara konveksi. Hitunglah nilai
koefisien perpindahan panas
konveksi (h) agar suhu permukaan
luar lapisan isolasi menjadi 41 oC.
JAWAB

• Q = Q konduksi = Q konveksi
• Q konduksi = k.delta T/ x = 15344 W/m2
• h = (Q/A)/T = 5115 W/m2 OC.
SOAL LATIHAN
• Salah satu sisi dinding mempunyai suhu
100 oC, sedang sisi lainnya berada dalam
lingkungan konveksi dengan T = 10 oC
dan h = 10 W/m2.oC. Dinding memiliki
nilai k = 1.6 W/m.oC dan tebalnya 40 cm.
Hitunglah laju perpindahan kalor melalui
dinding.
JAWAB

• R1 (konduksi) = 0.4/1.6 = 0.25

• R2 (koveksi) = 1/10 = 0.1
• R tot = R1 + R2 = 0.35
• Q = delta T/ R tot = 90/0.35 = 257 W
KONDUKSI DG SUMBER KALOR
• BIDANG DATAR
• SILINDER
• BOLA
KONDUKSI DG SUMBER KALOR
KONDUKSI DG SUMBER KALOR
 APLIKASI
• RADIUS KRITIS ISOLASI
SIRIP (NEXT)
SIRIP PADA RADIATOR
CONTOH SIRIP

• LIHAT TABEL 3-4

SIRIP SANGAT PANJANG
ADIABATIC FIN TIP
PANJANG SIRIP TERKOREKSI
EFISIENSI SIRIP
EFISIENSI SIRIP
EFISIENSI SIRIP
EFISIENSI SIRIP
EFECTIVITAS SIRIP
EFISIENSI VS EFEKTIVITAS
KONDUKSI DUA DIMENSI

• FAKTOR BENTUK KONDUKSI (S) : LIHAT

TABEL 3-5
• Q = k.S.T
KONDUKSI TRANSIEN

• Steady (Tunak): variabel tidak berubah

sebagai fungsi waktu.
• Transient (Fana): variabel berubah
sebagai fungsi waktu.
• Konduksi transien: konduksi yang
berubah menurut waktu.
PENDEKATAN SOLUSI

• Menggunakan metode sistem tergabung

(lumped system), dimana “temperature
of such bodies can be taken to be a
function of time only, T(t)”
• Parameter: Angka Biot (Bi)

• Kriteria Bi  0,1
PRINSIP
• T sebagai
fungsi t
Prosedur
• Hitung panjang karakteristik, Lc
• Hitung Angka Biot, Bi
• dan
• CONTOH:
Bola Tembaga
A 7.5 cm diameter orange is subjected to a
cold environment. Assuming that the orange
has properties similar to those of water at 20
°C and that h = 11 W/m2 oC, determine the
suitability of a lumped analysis for predicting
the temperature of the orange during cooling.

• Solution: From Table B-3 (SI), the thermal

conductivity of water at 20 oC is 0.597 W/m-K.
Also, for a sphere