Mnaged Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects
Managed Pressure Drilling

EUREKA WEBMINAR
June 11th, 2008

1st Session 9:00 & 2nd Session 16:00 UK time
Villahermosa, Mexico
June 2008
Excellence in Execution
Contents
Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD)
Managed Pressure Drilling Concept
Managed Pressure Drilling Objectives
HPMPD (Single Phase)
LPMPD (Multiphase)
MPD Design & Planning
MPD and Geomechanics Relation
MPD Equipment Description
Current MPD Industry Challenges
Multiphase Dynamic fluid modeling, downhole temperature, MWD
performance using multiphase fluids
Optimal Pressure Drilling SLB Joint Venture
Equipment & Engineering
IPM MXS Project Scope
Performance Drilling & Examples
Highly Depleted Reservoirs & Examples
Kick Control/Management & Examples
Concentric injection & Examples
Introduction to New Intouch MPD Reference Page
MPD Lessons Learned & Best Practices, Knowledge Sharing
Questions
Presentation Duration: 40 Minutes
Questions & Round Table: 20 Minutes
IPM/C.LUPO
Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

(MPD)
IADC Managed Pressure Drilling Definition (IADC UBO & MPD Committee Update,
2008
Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD) an adaptive drilling process used to precisely control
the annular pressure profile throughout the wellbore. The objectives are to ascertain the
downhole pressure environment limits and to manage the annular hydraulic pressure profile
accordingly. It is the intention of MPD to avoid continuous influx of formation fluids to
surface. Any influx incidental to the operation will be safely contained using an appropriate
process.
Underbalance A condition where the pressure exerted in the wellbore is less than the
pore pressure in any part of the exposed formations.
Underbalanced Drilling (UBD) A drilling activity employing appropriate equipment and
controls where the pressure exerted in the wellbore is intentionally less than the pore
pressure in any part of the exposed formations with the intention of bringing formation
fluids to the surface.

(MPD)

Bottom Hole Circulating Pressure (BHCP)
PP < BHCP
Conventional & MPD
PP > BHCP
Underbalance
Near Balance Technique: Mud Weight

could be either statically underbalanced
or overbalanced however ECD is always
Overbalanced.

(MPD)
Similar Equipment and techniques to UBD

Removes safety margins of conventional drilling
No formation fluids to surface
Designed to handle produced fluids during kicks
Allows continued drilling while killing well
Less depth of fluid invasion compared to
conventional drilling
Higher ROP than conventional drilling
Cost comparable to UBD but avoiding all surface
production fluid handling logistics and safety
issues

(MPD)
Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD)
During Conventional Circulation, annulus friction pressure is added to Hydrostatic Pressure then increasing
BHP. In MPD Applications the annular pressure at surface can be reduced to compensate the bottom hole
pressure circulation. Constant bottom hole pressure can be achieved by replacing friction losses at the head
depending on the mud weight in use.

(MPD)
SINGLE-PHASE MPD
MUD PROFILE
CIRCULATING
PROFILE
BACK PRESSURE
DURING
CONECTIONS
PORE PRESSURE
FRACTURE
PRESSURE
Pressure

(MPD)
TWO-PHASE MPD

MUD PROFILE
TWO-PHASE PROFILE
BACK PRESSURE
DURING CONECTIONS
PORE PRESSURE
FRACTURE PRESSURE
Pressure

(MPD)
Wide Mud Window
Typical Well Pressure profile
Narrow Mud Window
BHP Close to Pore Pressure

Dynamic BHP Exceeds FG

(MPD)
Narrow Mud Window
Work with a low Mud Weight

Near Balance or Underbalanced
Narrow Mud Window
Apply Back pressure at Surface

to achieve required BHP

(MPD)
Narrow Mud Window

In Managed Pressure Drilling
applications Mud Weight could be either
statically underbalanced or overbalanced
however ECD is always Overbalanced.
When tripping out of hole a heavy pill
(KWP) must be calculated to balance the
hole w/ safety margin or a downhole
insulation valve must be installed.
Reduce surface back pressure while starting

the pumps accordingly and increase while
making connections or hole static to keep
constant BHP.

(MPD)
IADC UBO Committee Classification Matrix

Classification Level
A MPD, or B UBO
C Mud Cap
A B
A B
A B
A B
A B
A B
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Gas Drilling
Mist Drilling
Foam Drilling
Gasified Liquid Drilling
Liquid Drilling
IPM/C.LUPO
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
1
2
3
4
5
Pressure ranges (Applications)

10.0
1.2
1.25
1.33
1.0
SG
Natur
al cla
ys &
Wate
r
Den
sifi
ed
mu
Sa
d
Wa turat
io
ter
,C n
ac
o3
G
PP
G/C
C
Saturation
ble
Salt Water
Sta
er
Wat
M
OB
Ga
Ba
si f
ck
ied
Pr
es
m
ud
su
re
d
Fo
am
ter
Gel Wa
4
0.8
1.4
4
Fo
am
Weighted Muds
(Barite)
Air
2.4 20.0
SO_00591 2/4/98
IPM/C.LUPO

(MPD)
Example:
Well Type 1-A-4
Risk 1:
Category A:
Fluid System 4:
IPM/C.LUPO
Well not capable

to flow to surface
Near Balance
Gasified Liquid

(MPD)
Objectives
Disadvantages
Loss circulation
Differential Sticking
ROP and bit life
improvements
Performance Drilling
Kick management
Environmental advantages
H2S Insulation
Reduced Formation Damage
Pressure Control
Constant Bottom Hole
Pressure
15
Additional engineering and

operational complexity
Limitations of steering tools
and motors
Downhole temperature
increase when using
multiphase fluids
Specialized equipment
requirements-up front cost
Fluids & Solids handling
Flare stacks required

1. Hydraulic Analysis
1. Equivalent Circulating Density Profile
BHP Curve vs. Liquid Rate/Gas Rate (If any)
2. Estimated Injection Pressures (If Multiphase)
2. Hole Cleaning Analysis

1. Liquid Fraction Annular Speed Profile
2. Cuttings Transportation Ratios
3. Well Controllability
1. Rotating Head Pressure vs. Pore Pressure
4. Otros parmetros analizados

1. Liquid Hold Up
2. Temperature Profile
5. Design

PREDESIGN
PLANNING AND DESIGN
EXECUTION
REVIEW

PRE-DESIGN
Geomechanic Window
History cases
Operational & Economical Risks
Preliminary Design Definition
Application Objectives
Mud losses
NPT
Influx Control
Narrow windows

PLANNING AND DESIGN

A
Operation Envelope (flow Modeling)
Equipment Definition
P&ID
Normal & Contingency Procedures

Training and Practices
Managed Pressure Drilling HPMPD

Operational Window
Pore Pressure
Managed Pressure Drilling LPMPD

Operational Window
Upper Window Limit

-Maximum allowed Overbalance
-Pore Pressure Uncertainty
-Transient Flow Management
Liquid Fraction
Rate
BHP
Upper Limit for BHP
Liquid injection Rates Upper Limit
Limite del Motor o

Capacidad Max. de N2
Hole Cleaning
Limit
Lower Limit for BHP
Pore Pressure
Lower Window Limit
-Hole Stability
-Surface equipment Limitations
Gas Injection Rates
Liquid injection Rates Lower Limit
MPD & Geomechanics

MANAGED PRESSURE DRILLING AND UNSTABLE

FORMATIONS
NOT A GOOD MARRIAGE!!
An accurate geomechanical study must be performed
Estimated Hole Stability Window & PP vs FG

MPD Analysis
Depleted Zones
Mud Windows
High Pressure Zones
Unstable Zones
MPD & Geomechanics

g/cm3
m3/min
gal/min
m/hora
Multiphase Fluid Modeling

Conventional
Hydraulics
Multiphase flow models

Tubing Diameter
Assumptions
Start
Newtonian
Input data
Reservoir Pressure
Gas Viscosity Constant at 0.018cp

Surface Tension of oil constant at 30 dynes/cm
Surface Tension of water constant at 70 dynes/cm
Reservoir Temperature
Calculate Specific gravity of
oil
Gas gravity
Bingham
Water Density
Calculate Water oil Ratio
Fluid Type
Oil Gravity in Deg API
Power law
Oil Flow Rate

Calculate Mass of 1 bbls
stock tank liquid
Water Flow rate
Herschel Bulkley
Gas Liquid ratio

Calculate Oil FVF
Robertson Stiff
Fluid Velocities
Calculate Solution Gas Oil

ratio
Determine flow regime
Casson
Bubble
Slug
Transition
Mist
Calculate Density of Liquid

Phase
Calculate hold up correlating
function
Shear Rates
Calculate Gas
compressibility factor
Depending on flow pattern the following calculations
are carried out
Rynolds
Number
Determine secondary hold up

factor
Calculate Density of gas
phase
Calculate liquid hold up
Calculate slip velocity

or bubble rise velocity
Calculate oil Viscosity and

water viscosity
Calculate two phase reynolds
number
Determine Moody friction

factor
Critical Velocities
Calculate Liquid mixture

viscosity
Determine Moody friction
factor
Calculate average mixture

density
Calculate Liquid surface

tension
Calculate average mixture
density
Flow regimes
Calculate mixture velocity
Calculate Liquid viscosity

number
Calculate Pressure Drop
Calculate superficial liquid

velocity
Calculate mixture velocity
Calculate Pressure Drop

Calculate superficial gas
velocity
Friction Losses
Calculate gas velocity

number
Final
Check flow Regime
Bubble Flow
Other Flow


Consideraciones
Model Inputs
Directional Profile
Hole Size
Casing Strings
BHA
Downhole pressure losses
Drilling Fluid System
Temperature Profile
Surface Back pressure
Formation productivity Index (If
available)
Formation Pressure
Hole Cleaning
Downhole tools performance
Capacities and operational limits of
surface equipment
Environmental considerations
Hole stability

7000
100
Total BHCP
Pfriccin
Phid
6000
5000
90
80
70
60
4000
50
3000
40
30
2000
20
1000
10
0
0
0
100
200
300
400
500
Tasa de Inyeccin de Gas
600
700
800

Con inyeccin de N2
Sin inyeccin de N2
1. Gas/Liquid Fluids Systems are poor heat transfers

2. Downhole tools heat up faster reaching technical limits for its functioning

IPM/C.LUPO

IPM/C.LUPO

IPM/C.LUPO


Punto de Inyeccin Anular @ 4457m

Punto de Inyeccin Anular @ 4457m



3. MWD Signal Performance
The graph shown below describes the increase of nitrogen percentage up to 26.7% where MWD signal loss was finally
observed.
Good
Signal
No
Signal
Max. % de
Nitrogen
N2 Booster
Failure

MPD Equipment Set Up (N2 Injection)

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
Feed compressors take air from the atmosphere into Membrane Unit
(NPU)
NPU separates nitrogen from oxygen through molecular filtration system
Booster compressors pump Nitrogen to the stand pipe where it mixes
with mud and then flow to the well through the drillpipe.
Gasified Mud generate a lower fluid density in the annulus.
Rotating Head diverts flow from wellhead to surface control system.
UBD/MPD choke manifold can be used to create back pressure to control
BHCP
Separation system separates gas and liquid phases. Liquid and cuttings
are pumped to shakers. Mud goes back to active system. Gas (nitrogen)
is vented to the atmosphere through a flare stack.
Flare stack is used to burn possible hydrocarbon produced.
Data Acquisition System gathers critical process information (pressure,
temperature and volumes)
IPM/C.LUPO
MPD Equipment Set Up (N2 Injection)

MPD Equipment Set Up (Single Phase)

Rotating Heads
Flow Line
Hydraulic Valve 7
1/16 x 5000 psi
Manual Valve
7 1/16 x 5000 psi
4 x 5000 Line to
UBD Choke
Rotating Heads (Passive)

Optimal
Weatherford
Strata
Smith
Rotating Heads (Active)

2500psi
3500psi
5000psi
1000psi
1500psi
3000psi
RBOP 5K 7 ID
1000psi
1500psi
3000psi
RBOP 2K 7 ID
RPM 3000 7 ID
Choke Manifolds
UBD Choke Manifold 5000 psi

(Two 4 1/16 chokes, hydraulic and mechanic, 3 Orifice)
IPM/C.LUPO
UBD Separators
Two-Three-Four Phase Horizontal or Vertical separators

can be used for UBD/MPD operations depending on
conditions
Gas Out
Fluids In
Gas
Oil
Oil
Water
Oil Out
Fluid
Oil/water Mixture
Solids
Solids Slurry out

Water Out
UBD Separators
Three-Phase Vertical Separator

50 MMCFD gas
22,285 BPD oil
IPM/C.LUPO
N2 Generation Units
Nitrogen Production Unit NPU

Various Capacities
Purity: 95% - 99%
IPM/C.LUPO
UBD/MPD Accessories
Other
Wireline Retrivable
Non Return Valves - NRV
LEVEL METER
(Echometer)
Liquid Level
IPM/C.LUPO
Optimal Pressure Drilling (SLB MPD Joint

Venture)
General
Director
Operations
Director
Region Ops
Manager
Ops
Supervisors
Logistics &
Maintenance
Supervisor
Technical
Director
Region Leader Technical Serv

Engineer
Engineer
Field
Engineers
Field Operators
Business Devel.
Director
Finance
Director
Region BD
Manager
Region Finance
Manager

Venture)
Pressure Rating: 275 psi

Max Flow Rates:
Liquids: 20,000 bbls/d
Solids: 925 m3/d
Gases: 34 mm scf/d
2 Sample Catchers
Pipe Pressure Rating: 5000 psi
Designed in accordance with ASME
Section VIII, Division 1

Venture)
Pressure Rating: 125 psi

Max Flow Rates:
Liquids: 15,000 bbls/d
Solids: 108 m3/d
Gases: 21 mm scf/d
Small footprint design
Total vessel capacity: 10.9 m3
Quick set up and tear out
Cone separator design results in
quick and efficient clean up or
solids

Venture)
Only RFH in Canada with

International DNV certification
Max Static Pressure: 3,000 psi and
5,000 psi
Only Sealed Bearing RFD on Market
No External Lubrication or Cooling
Required
Designed to install down thru Rotary
RFH5000
Model
Table
Fits under most Drilling Rigs without
modifications to stack
RD3K Model

Venture)
Manifold
2 x 2 chokes
1 manual adjustable
1 manual adjustable with remote
Data Aquisition Facilities

Dual 6 x 4 meter run
6 dual chamber Ansi 150 RF
4 single chamber Ansi 150 RF
Barton recorder
Transfer Pumps (2)
3 x 4 x 11 Mud Hog Pumps
20 hp
1,800 RPM
230/480 XP motor
ESD (Emergency Shutdown Valve)
4 1/16 API 5000#
SRA spring fail closed hydraulic
actuator
3 remote ESD stations

Venture)
6 60 Flare Stack
Zero ground disturbance
Electronic igniter
Contain all piping for package

Venture)
Trailer mounted (modular in design)
Designed and built for all operating
Capacity 21.5 m3/min (750 scfm)
environments
Minimum 95% N2 Purity
53 drop deck trailer
Designed and built for all operating
Dimensions: 2.4m x 5.5m x 2.4 m
environments.
(8x18x8)
Built in pipe racks and tool boxes
Each unit comes complete with inlet

and outlet metering

Venture)
3 x 240 HP Air Compressors 240

1 Nitrogen Generation Membrane, Max Flow Rate 55 m3/min
(~2000 scfm) @ 95% Nitrogen purity
Pressure Booster for Nitrogen flow rates @ 55 m3/min (~2000
scfm) and outlet pressure up to 3000 psi
2 Electric Generators x 1000 KW
IPM MXS MPD Success Stories

ROP Improvement by reducing the

Differential Pressure
ROP Improvement is a function of downhole ECD


Oxiacaque 5001 Well
Data
IADC MPD Classif.: Well Type 1-A-4

Risk 1: Well not capable to flow to surface
Category A: Near Balance
Fluid System 4: Gasified Liquid
20
ROP m/hr
18
16
14
12
10
No Nitrogen, only Mud

0.92 gr/cc
8
6
Nitrogeno Rate: 100 m/min

Mud Rate (0.92 gr/cc): 70 GPM
4
2
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0.26
0,21
0,21
0,24
0,29
0,58
0,58
0,92
0,92
0,92
0,92
0,92
0,92
0
0,92
Drilling Rig: Nabors 756

Well Type: Directional (J Type)
Planned TD: 3800 m MD (3621.63 m
TVD )
KOP1@ 2915 m
Azimuth:
315.24
Maximum Inclination: 35.85 deg
Maximum DLS: 1.75 deg/30 mts
Estimated PP: 0.30 SG
Breakout Pressure: 0.6 SG
BH Temperature: 128 degC
Target: Crude API 40 crude 1350 bpd
of oil and 1.3 mmpcd from
Cretaceous Fractured Formations (KI)
Lithology: Carbonates, (Limestone
and Dolomite)
Target depth:3750 m MD (3574
mTVD)
ROP IMPROVEMENT M/HR (OXIACAQUE 5001)
ROP (m/hr)
Equivalent Circulating Density gr/cc

NOTE: ROP in fractured limestones indeed is increased by reducing the ECD, the following
graph shows how lowering the ECD from 0.92 to 0.58, the ROP increases from 3.7 to 12
m/hr.
Drilling Hazards
Loss circulation
Shale instability at Medium Cretaceous (KM)
Stuck Pipe

Well Data: Costero 12 (8
Section)

Risk 5: Well capable to flow to surface
Drilling Hazards
Loss circulation / Gas in Superficies
Stuck Pipe
Drilling Rig: Gray Wolf 91
Well Type: Vertical

Planned TD: 5393 m
Estimated PP: 9425 PSI SG

Target: Crude API 38 in Medium
Cretaceous (KM) fractured
formations
Lithology: Carbonates, (Limestone
and Dolomite)
Target depth: 5713 m
+/- 800 psi Drop Down
Well Data: Costero 15 (8

Section)
Risk 5: Well capable to flow to surface
Drilling Rig: IPC

Well Type: Directional (J Type)
Planned TD: 6134 m MD (5912 m
TVD )
KOP1@ 2800 m
Azimuth:
358.49
Estimated PP: 9485 psi
Cretaceous (KM) fractured formations
Lithology: Carbonates, (Limestone and
Dolomite)
Target depth: 5562 m MD (5757 mTVD)
Drilling Hazards
Stuck Pipe
When used MPD
Gas on Surface
System Reduce MW
from 1.24 g/cc to
1.20 g/cc (+/- 320
psi Drop Down) Note
Increase of ROP
Well Data: Cunduacan 5013

(8 Section)
Drilling Rig: IPC

Well Type: Directional (S Type)
Planned TD: 4250 m MD (4180 m TVD
)
KOP1@ 2800 m
KOP 2@ 2477 TVD/2509 MD
Azimuth:
200.23
Estimated PP: 0.4 SG
Cretaceous (KM) fractured formations
Lithology: Carbonates, (Limestone and
Dolomite)
Target Depth: 4220 MD/4165 TVD
Drilling Hazards
Stuck Pipe
Gas on Surface

Well Data: Jujo 505 (8
Section)

MPD Lessons Learned

ROP enhancement is a function of ECD reduction only, does not depend directly on N2 injection
rates or other UBD surface parameters.
MPD equipment is designed to safely manage hole pressures, H2S, gas and influxes right on
surface.
ROP improvements could be achieved by decreasing BHP more than 300 psi, generally speaking
values below 300 psi of effective drawback are not enough to achieve significant improvements.
Significant NPT reduction related to well control/loss circulation were observed in narrow window
drilling wells due to the flexibility of MPD equipment.
MPD versatility allows a dynamic annular pressure management, the rotating control device gives
the advantage of keeping the movement of the drill string at all times also reducing the NPT thanks
to an increased response capability when unexpected pressures are found while drilling.
The equipment to be used for MPD/UBD operation, would be mobilized to the location previous to
the casing or liner cement job of the immediately previous section to be intervene using MPD, as
long as there is space available to receive them and to locate them. Otherwise, it will have to wait
until the cement job finalizes.
ECD reduction must be calculated so no formation fluids enter the wellbore since the continuous
influx could easily cause the drilling fluid destabilization and generate more drilling problems and
also increasing the risk levels of the operation.
MPD equipment cost has an important impact in the well AFE, even if the cost is entirely covered
by PEMEX. Failure to increase the ROP at least by 30% could cause a well cost increase.
Field experience shows that when drilling Mudstone formations the maximum ROP enhancement
is not strictly related to the ECD drawback and resulting ROP is not significant.
The use of automatic MPD applications (PLC to downhole APWD and/or Hydraulic models) gives
the advantage of early detection of kicks and losses and allows to navigate in narrow Mud
Windows, thus reducing ECDs to theExcellence
minimum in
safest
values.
Execution
MPD Lessons Learned

For this case the maximum nitrogen content into drill string to got a good signal from MWD
was 26.7%
The higher compression of the fluid into the drill string is fundamental to define the
percentage of gas into the drilling fluid system, for this reason, the inclusion of a flow
restrictor (signal booster) installed below the MWD is an important factor to increase the
volume of N2 injected, as long as the flow area of flow restrictor used is less than the Total
Flow Area at the bit. The effect achieved using this restriction is to maintain a higher
compression of multiphase fluid inside the drillstring above the MWD.
The downhole temperature has no effect over the transmission effectiveness of signal from
MWD.
When the high percentage of gas into drill string does not allow to receive a good signal
from the MWD tool, the operational solution to the problem is pumping only liquid in short
periods of no more than 10 minutes to get an effective signal back to surface, however it is
not advisable to do this more than three time in a row since the risk of destabilizing (mud
batching will start to appear at surface) the multiphase system is very high and could take
even more time to re-establish stable conditions.
MWD mud pulse technology represents a serious limitation for the application of
multiphase (compressible) drilling fluid MPD techniques. The use of more advanced signal
transmission technologies like Electromagnetic transmission (EM) or Wired Pipe is more
suitable.
MPD Intouch Reference Page

For this case the maximum nitrogen content into drill string to got a good signal from MWD
was 26.7%

Mnaged Pressure Drilling

Uploaded by

Document Information

Original Title

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mnaged Pressure Drilling

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Managed Pressure Drilling

June 11th, 2008

Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Managed Pressure Drilling Concept

Near Balance Technique: Mud Weight

Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Managed Pressure Drilling Concept

Similar Equipment and techniques to UBD

Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Managed Pressure Drilling (MPD)

Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Wide Mud Window

Typical Well Pressure profile

Narrow Mud Window

BHP Close to Pore Pressure

Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Narrow Mud Window

Work with a low Mud Weight

Narrow Mud Window

Apply Back pressure at Surface

Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Narrow Mud Window

Reduce surface back pressure while starting

Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

IADC UBO Committee Classification Matrix

Pressure ranges (Applications)

Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Well not capable

Introduction to Managed Pressure Drilling

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Additional engineering and

MPD Design & Planning

2. Hole Cleaning Analysis

4. Otros parmetros analizados

MPD Design & Planning

PLANNING AND DESIGN

MPD Design & Planning

MPD Design & Planning

PLANNING AND DESIGN

Operation Envelope (flow Modeling)

Normal & Contingency Procedures

Managed Pressure Drilling HPMPD

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Managed Pressure Drilling LPMPD

Mesozoic & Alliance IPM Projects

Upper Window Limit

Limite del Motor o

Lower Limit for BHP