HTML CSS

HTML and CSS
by Peter Tucker
Associate Professor of Math and Computer Science
Whitworth University
As presented February 2009 to Online J-Lab
Markup Languages
A markup language embeds tags within regular text
Text file edit with notepad
SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language

Generic language conceived in the 60s
Language to separate content and structure
Elements identify text objects
HTML Hypertext Markup Language

Based on SGML
Most common markup language for Internet pages
XML Extensible Markup Language

Also based on SGML
Very flexible
Commonly used for information exchange
HTML Editors
HTML Files are simply text files
Notepad and WordPad are fine text editors
Emacs and XEmacs are good, and also work in Linux
Many freeware HTML editors exist

CoffeeCup is a good free version (and better commercial
version)
Many others: search for HTML Editor on www.download.com
Be sure to check the licensing agreements
Commercial software
Microsoft Expression Studio is on these machines
Macromedia DreamWeaver is on these machines
Visual Studio is also on these machines
Server basics
HTML file is requested by user
Request travels over internet to proper machine
Internet server computer locates file and
responds
Internet
Internet
file.html
Internet
<html>... Server
Software
Markup Tags
Tags are used to separate structure from content
Usually placed inside < >
E.g. <html> defines the start of an HTML page
Closed with </ >
E.g. </html> closes an HTML page
Generally: <tag> content </tag>
content is processed/displayed according to the meaning of tag
Tags may be nested

<tag> content <tag2> more </tag2> more </tag>
Nesting must be "balanced"
Tags with no content can optionally close themselves

E.g. <br /> same as <br> </br>
More On Tags
Tags are not case-sensitive
<html> = <HTML> = <hTmL>
Lower case is preferred
Tags often contain attributes

Specify specific behavior for tag
Attribute values contained in s
E.g. <table border="0">
Whitespace (space, tab, enter) ignored (except the first)

This is
spaced = This is spaced = This is

spaced
HTML Skeleton Page

<html>
<head>
<title> </title>
</head>
<body>
</body>
</html>
html indicates the type of

markup used
head contains header
information
title gives page title
(window title bar)
body contains main

content
Our First Page

Defines an HTML
greeting page
<html>
Sets Title Bar text

<title>
Display Paragraph
<p>
White space ignored

by browser
<html>
<head>
<title>
My First Page
</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
Hello World!
Welcome
to
CS301
</p>
</body>
</html>
First page
In-class Exercise
On your own
Type in the given web
page
Save the file, and
double-click on it
Modify the title
Modify the content
<html>
<head>
<title>
My First Page
</title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
Hello World!
</p>
</body>
</html>
HTML Tags
Headings: <h1>, <h2>, , <h6>
Various headings in your document

E.g. title <h1>, chapters <h2>, sections <h3>,
subsections <h4>
Paragraphs: <p>
Define new paragraph

New line before and after
Line break: <br>
New line, but not new paragraph
Horizontal rule: <hr>
Draw horizontal line across page
Comment: 

Ignored by browser
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Cinderella</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>Cinderella</h1>

or, <b>The Little Glass Slipper</b>
<h2>Chapter 1</h2>
<hr />
<p>
There lived once a gentleman who married for his second wife
the proudest woman ever seen. She had two daughters of the same
spirit, who were indeed like her in all things.
</p>
<p>
No sooner was the wedding over than the stepmother began to show
her ill-temper; she could not bear her young step-daughter's gentle
ways,
</p>
<br />
<h6>credit to www.childrensbooksonline.org</h6>
</body>
</html>
Cinderella, version 1
Text-formatting Tags
Many formatting tags in HTML
Tag
Description
<b>
Defines bold text
<big>
Defines big text
<em>
Defines emphasized text
<i>
Defines italic text
<small>
Defines small text
<strong>
Defines strong text
<sub>
Defines subscripted text
<sup>
Defines superscripted text
<ins>
Defines inserted text
<del>
Defines deleted text
Wrap text with tags: <big>CS301 is a great Jan Term class!</big>
In-class Exercise
Enhance the web page you designed
earlier
Try some of the different tags listed
Give six different formatted versions of Hello
World!
Add comments describing the difference
between each version
Try nesting some of the tags
HTML Links
Linking to other pages is the point of the Internet
Anchor: <a>
Common attributes:
href destination page

target Where to open page
(e.g. target="_blank" opens a new browser window)
name Anchor on this page
Examples:
<a href="http://www.whitworth.edu" target="_blank">Go
to our school!</a>
<a name="start"/>
<a href="mypage.htm#start">Go to start</a>
Example, refined
<body>
<a name="top">
<h1>Cinderella</h1>
</a>
<a href="cinderella2.htm#para1">Paragraph #1</a><br>
<a href="cinderella2.htm#para2">Paragraph #2</a><br>
<a href="cinderella2.htm#credits">Credits</a><br>
<a name="para1" /> <p>
</p>
<p><a href="cinderella2.htm#top">Back to top</a></p>
<a name="para2"/> <p>
</p>
<a name="credits"/>
<br/><h6>credit to <a href="http://www.childrensbooksonline.org"
target="_blank"> Childrens Online Books </a> </h6>
</body>
Cinderella, version 2
In-class Exercise
Try out anchors
Design a new web page that has links to
six of your favorite web pages
Sort of a bookmark page
Tables
We want to display tabular data
Tags:
<table> Define a table
Attributes: border border thickness
<tr> Define a table row

<td> Define table data
Attributes: colspan # of columns to cover with this data
rowspan # of rows to cover with this data
<th> Define table heading
Example
<html>
<head>
<title> Cast for Cinderella </title>
</head>
<body>
<p>
Cast of voices for Disney's Cinderella (1950)
</p>
<table border="1">
<tr><th>CHARACTER</th><th>VOICE TALENT</th></tr>
<tr><td>Cinderella</td><td>Ilene Woods</td></tr>
<tr><td>Lady Tremaine</td><td>Eleanor Audley</td></tr>
<tr><td>Drizella</td><td>Rhoda Williams</td></tr>
<tr><td>Anastasia</td><td>Lucille Bliss</td></tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Cinderella cast
In-class Exercise
Design a web page that displays the point
totals for each quarter and the whole
game for three basketball games
Get data from
http://sports.espn.go.com/nba/scoreboard
Lists
Display a marked list of items
Unordered List: <ul>
<li>: list item
Ordered List: <ol>

<li>: list item
Definition List: <dl>

<dt>: Dictionary Term
<dd>: Dictionary Definition
Example
Conferences:
<ul> <li>NFC East</li> <li>NFC North</li> </ul>
Standings:
<ul>
<li>NFC East
<ol>
<li>(*) NY Giants</li>
<li>(x) Philadelphia</li>
<li>Dallas</li>
<li>Washington</li>
</ol></li>
</ul>
<dl>
<dt>x</dt><dd>clinched playoff</dd>
<dt>z</dt><dd>clinched division</dd>
<dt>*</dt><dd>clinched homefield through playoffs</dd>
</dl>
NFL Standings
Images
Text is boring
Images make a web site more interesting
Tag: <img>
Attributes: src, alt
src is a URL
alt is for text-only browsers, "hovering"
Example
Conferences:
<ul>
<li><img src="NFC.gif">NFC
<ul>
<li>NFC East</li> <li>NFC North</li>
<li>NFC South</li> <li>NFC West</li>
</ul>
</li>
<li><img src="AFC.gif">AFC
<ul>
<li>AFC East</li> <li>AFC North</li>
<li>AFC South</li> <li>AFC West</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
Standings:
<ol>
<li><img src="SEA.gif">(x) Seattle</li>
<li><img src="STL.gif">St. Louis</li>
<li><img src="ARI.gif">Arizona</li>
<li><img src="SF.gif">San Francisco</li>
</ol>
Enhanced NFL Standings
In-class Exercise
Modify your basketball scoreboard page
Add team logos on the score pages
Images as Links
We've seen how to link to other pages
<a href="http://www.whitworth.edu">
Go to Whitworth</a>
We've also seen how to put images on the screen

<img src="WhitworthLogo.gif" />
We can put the two together

<img src="WhitworthLogo.gif" /> </a>
<img src="WhitworthLogo.gif" /> Go Bucs!

<img src="WhitworthLogo.gif" /> </a>
In-class Exercise
Open the "bookmark" page you
constructed
Instead of using text for the links,
where appropriate, use an image.
Maybe an image is available on that site that
makes sense?
HTML <div> tag

Defines a generic container
Allows us to set up tags as a group
(e.g. menu bar, image list, )
Attributes
align (left, center, right, justify)
class
For now, it isn't much help

When we learn CSS, styles can be applied to
div
It'll come up a bit Thursday
Example
<html>
<head><title>Cast for Cinderella</title></head>
<body>
<p>Cast of voices for Disney's Cinderella (1950)</p>
<div align="left">
<table border="1">
</table></div>
<div align="center">
<table border="1">
</table></div>
<div align="right">
<table border="1">
</table></div>
</body>
</html>
Cast_div
HTML Forms
Many Internet applications require user
input
E.g. Search engine pages, customer support,
Blogs
HTML uses forms to set up user input

Many different form controls
Tag <form> begins a form section

Attributes: name, action, method, id
Form Input Objects

Forms need objects to get information from
users
Usually use <input> tag
Attributes: name, type, value, id
Type attribute specifies the kind of input object

submit, text, textarea, checkbox, radio,
We'll discuss these in more detail soon
Simple form search engine

page
<html>
<head>
<title>Search the Internet</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>CS301 -- Internet Search Page</h1>

<form>
Search for:

<input type="text" name="q" />

<input type="submit" name="submitbtn"
value="Press here!" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Initial Search Page
In-class Exercise
Design a form
Get the user's name and password in a
textbox
(e.g. <input type="text" name="user" />)
Include a "submit" button
(e.g.
<input type="submit" name="submitbtn"
value="Press here" /> )
Form options
Our form doesnt (yet) do anything
We need to direct its values to some destination
site
Once the user hits the submit button
action, method attributes of <form> specify

this
action: URL to destination site
method: how to send the data (get, post)
Example:
<form action="mydest.htm" method="get">

Search Page #2
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Search the Internet</title>
</head>
<body>
<h1>CS301 -- Internet Search Page</h1>
<table border="0">
<tr><td><big>Powered by:</big></td>
<td><img src="http://www.google.com/intl/en/logos/Logo_25wht.gif">
</td>
</tr>
</table>

<form action="http://www.google.com/search" method="get">
Search for:
<input type="submit" value="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
In-class Exercise
Create a simple web page that says
"thank you for your input"
Similar to the "hello world" page
Modify your form to use the "thank you"

page as the action of the form
Try it out
When you press submit, then you should see
your thank you page
Form Methods
The method attribute accepts two values, get
and post
get
Submitted URL contains name/value pairs for each
control on web page

Users bookmarks contain query answers
Users see URL security issues?
post
Submitted URL does not contain control values

User bookmarks do not keep query results
Users do not see URL
Get Search Page #2
Post Search Page #2
Form Controls
Forms must have more than text boxes
and buttons
We want check boxes, radio buttons,
password fields, multi-line fields,
HTML provides all of these with the
<input> tag
Using the type attribute to choose the control
Use the name attribute to name it (for later)
Text Boxes
Text field: <input type="text"
Default (but dont rely on it)
Password: <input type="password"

Uses * for each input character
Should you use get or post?
Multi-line field: Tag <textarea>

Not <input type=>
Attributes name, rows, cols
Text Box Controls
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>PHP Self Description</title>
</head>
<body>
<form action="thanks.htm" method="POST">
Name: <input type="textbox" name="name" />
<br />Password: <input type="password" name="password" />
<br />Description:
<textarea rows="10" cols="30" name="description">
</textarea>
<br /><input type="submit" value="submit" />
</form>
</body>
</html>
Buttons
Submit: <input type="submit"
Submit form information to action URL
Reset: <input type="reset"

Clear out information on form
Radio: <input type="radio"

Option buttons (choose one)
Checkbox: <input type="checkbox"

Choose zero or more options
Button Controls
Example
<form action="thanks.htm" method="get">
Search for:
<br /> Choose a search engine:
<br /><input type="radio" name="engine"
checked="checked" /> Google
<br /><input type="checkbox" name="new"
Checkbox that does nothing (sorry)
value="google"
value="yahoo" /> Yahoo
value="A9" /> A9
checked="checked" />
<br /><input type="reset" text="clear" />

</form>
In-class Exercise
Design a form that uses radio buttons to
list your classes for spring semester
Have the user choose the course they're
about to attend, then hit submit
List Boxes
Drop-down list: <select>
Give user list of options
Attribute name defines control name
<option> to define each option

Attributes: value, selected
New Search Page
Example
<form action="thanks.htm" method="get">
Search for:
<br /> Choose a search engine:
<br />
<select name="engine">
<option value="google" selected="selected">
Google </option>
<option value="yahoo"> Yahoo </option>
<option value="A9"> A9 </option>
</select>
<br />
<input type="checkbox" name="new" checked="checked" />
Checkbox that does nothing (sorry)
<br /><input type="reset" text="clear" />
</form>
In-class Exercise
Design a form that lists ice cream flavors
Ask the user to choose their favorite ice
cream
Page and Form Layout

Common use for HTML tables is for page layout
Generally, programmers have no layout control over
their pages
E.g. 2-column newspaper
Well see later that <div> is also very useful,

especially with CSS
border="0" (why?)
td supports width, bgcolor, colspan
attributes
Making Forms More Readable

Example: Form for a restaurant survey
Need to rate things on scale of 1-5
Service
Food quality
Price
Layout
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Restaurant Survey</title>
</head>
<body bgcolor="lightyellow">
<h1>Thank you!</h1>
<p>Please fill out this survey</p>
<form action="thanks.htm">
<table>
<tr><th> </th><th colspan="2">Lowest</th>
<th> </th><th colspan="2">Highest</th></tr>
<tr><th> </th><th>1</th><th>2</th>
<th>3</th><th>4</th><th>5</th></tr>
<tr><td>Service</td>
<td><input type="radio" name="service"/></td>
<td><input type="radio" name="service"/></td></tr>
<input type="submit" value="submit"/>
</table>
</form>
</body></html>
Now we need the DIV and

SPAN tags
Recall <div> marks areas with a name
<span> is similar, but works within a tag
<div class="header">
<img class="watermark" src="WUcolorMarkOnly.jpg" width="150"
height="150" alt="Whitworth - Founded 1890">
<img class="logo" src="whit_main_logotype.gif" width="326"
height="137" alt="Whitworth - An Education of Mind & Heart">
<p class="caption">Classroom Research conducted by Students in the
Math and Computer Science Department at Whitworth University</p>
</div>
<span class="journaltitle"><a name="CS374_2008">Fall 2008 -- CS374:
Database Management Systems</a></span>
<span class="editor">Edited by Peter A. Tucker</span><br>
Austin Abelar, <a href="2008/CS374/Abelar.pdf">Parallel Query Processing
Using Various Techniques of Multicore Technology</a><br>
We will see that, by marking groups, we can easily make

display changes
What is CSS
CSS Cascading Style Sheets
Problem: HTML developers have little control of how
things look
Modifying a pages format through HTML can be very
messy
Solution: Cascading style sheets

tell the browser how to display objects
Style sheets can be embedded in the HTML file or

saved externally
We will focus on CSS1
More widely accepted than CSS2
Motivation
CS Student Research Page
Page with a number of papers listed, by
class
Three versions
First, littered with table data tags to place
items
Second and third, same HTML, different style
sheets
Next Motivation
CSS Zen Garden
Zen Garden is a great illustration of the
power of CSS
www.csszengarden.com
Let's take a look
CSS Syntax
Values in a style sheet have the following syntax:
selector {property: value}
Where:
selector: the HTML tag to specify
property: the property of tag to set
value: the new value for that tags property
Semi-colon delimited list
(tag {p1: v1; p2: v2; })
Examples
p {color: green}
Make contents of <p> green typeface
p {
text-align: center; color: green
}
Multiple property settings (<p> centered, green)
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p {
text-align: center; color: green
}
Grouping of multiple tags
Applying CSS
Embedded in HTML page (Internal)
<head>
<title>Simple CSS Test</title>
<style type="text/css">
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p
{text-align: center; color: green}
</style>
</head>
Internal
Linked into HTML page (External)

<head>
<link rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" href="simple.css" />
</head>
h1,h2,h3,h4,h5,h6,p {text-align: center; color: green}
External
In-class Exercise
Construct a style sheet internally to one of your
existing web pages
Choose tags, and some color
Reload it in a browser
Construct an external style sheet

Write it using any text editor
(notepad, Expression Web, VS.NET, )

Link it into another one of your existing web pages
Hang onto these files for later work
CSS Classes
We may not want a single style for all instances of a tag
E.g. <p> is very common
Classes specify different kinds of styles for a tag

Syntax: selector.class {prop: val}
p.right {text-align: right}

p.center {text-align: center}
Usage:
<p class="right"> Right-aligned </p>
<p class="center"> Centered </p>
Both selector and class are optional

Missing selector: applies to all tags with class=c
Missing class: applies to all instances of a tag
Example
<html>
<head>
.global {color: darkred}
p {color: green}
p.center {text-align: center}
p.right {text-align: right}
p.left {text-align: left}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1 class="global">Heading for this page</h1>
<p class="center">Cool Main Title in the Center</p>
<p class="left">Interesting text on the left</p>
<p class="right">other stuff on the right</p>
<h4>is this blue?</h4>
Classes
</body>
</html>
Inline Styles
We can also embed styles into a single tag
We lose many advantages of style sheets
Limited use
Syntax: <tag style="p1:v1; p2:v2">

Example:
<p style="color: sienna; margin-left: 20px">
This is a paragraph
</p>
Which style to choose

Possible conflict of styles
external vs. internal vs. inline
Order:
1. Browser default
2. External Style Sheet
3. Internal Style Sheet (inside the <head> tag)
4. Inline Style (inside HTML element)
OK, Now We Need Specifics

We know how to use CSS
Real Power one CSS file controls pages
on entire site
Easy to update entire look
What are the possibilities?

What properties can be set for various tags?
Background
Property
Description Values
background-attachment
Does background
image scroll?
scroll
fixed
background-color
Background color
color-rgb
color-#
color-name
transparent
background-image
URL to image
url
background-position
top right
Position of
background image top left
background-repeat
Is image
repeated? How?
repeat
repeat-x
Example
<html>
<head>
p.bcolor {background-color: lightgrey}
p.bgimage {
background-image: url('main_logo.gif');
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>CSS TEST</h1>
<p class="bcolor">This is a simple test of style sheets</p>
<p class="bgimage">This is <br> another <br> simple
<br> test <br> of style <br> sheets</p>
</body>
</html>
Backgrounds
Another Example
<html>
<head>
p.lgrey {background-color: lightgrey}
p.orange {
text-align: center;
color: orange;
font-weight: bolder;
}
body {
background-image: url('http://www.whitworth.edu//Logo.gif');
background-position: center;
background-repeat: no-repeat;
}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>CSS TEST</h1>
<p class="lgrey">This is a simple test of style sheets</p>
<p class="orange">This is <br> another <br> simple <br> test
<br> of style <br> sheets</p>
</body>
</html>
Background2
In-class Exercise
Experiment with the background settings
Use different browsers
Property
Description
Values
background-attachment
Does background
image scroll?
scroll
fixed
background-color
Background color
color-rgb
color-#
color-name
transparent
background-image
URL to image
url
background-position
Position of background
image
top right
top left
background-repeat
Is image repeated?
How?
repeat
repeat-x
Text
Property
Description Values
color
Text color
color-rgb
color-#
color-name
letter-spacing
Spacing between
letters
normal
Length
text-align
Aligns text in
element
left
right
center
justified
word-spacing
Spacing between
words
normal
length
Example
<html>
<head>
p.squish {letter-spacing: -5px}
p.expand {letter-spacing: 25px}
p.wrdspace { word-spacing: 20px}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>CSS TEST</h1>
<p class="squish">This is a simple test</p>
<p class="expand">This is a simple test</p>
<p class="wrdspace">This is another simple test</p>
</body>
</html>
Texts
In-class Exercise
Experiment with the text settings
Property
Description
Values
color
Text color
color-rgb
color-#
color-name
letter-spacing
Spacing between letters
normal
Length
text-align
Aligns text in element
left
right
center
justified
word-spacing
Spacing between words
normal
length
Font
Property
Description Values
font-family
family-name
Prioritized,
comma-separated generic-name
list of font names
font-size
Size of font
xx-small
xx-large
font-style
Style of font
normal
italic
oblique
font-variant
Small-caps?
normal
small-caps
font-weight
Weight of a font
normal
bold
bolder
lighter
Example
<html>
<head>
body {font-family:"Bookman Old Style", Arial, Helvetica,
sans-serif}
p.ariel {font-family: sans-serif}
p.code {font-family: courier}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<h1>CSS TEST</h1>
<p class="ariel">This is a simple test of style sheets</p>
<p class="code">This is a simple test of style sheets</p>
<p>This is another simple test of style sheets</p>
</body>
</html>
Fonts
In-class Exercise
Experiment with the font settings
Property
Description
Values
font-family
Prioritized, commaseparated list of font

names
family-name
generic-name
font-size
Size of font
xx-small
xx-large
font-style
Style of font
normal
italic
oblique
font-variant
Small-caps?
normal
small-caps
font-weight
Weight of a font
normal
bolder
bold
lighter
Border
Property
Description Values
border-color
Color for border
color
border-style
Style for border
none, hidden,
dotted, dashed,
solid, double,
groove, ridge,
inset, outset
border-width
Width of all four

borders
thin
medium
thick
border-XXXX-YYYY
Specific border
settings
XXXX={left,
right, top,
bottom}
YYYY={color,
style, width}
Example
<html>
<head>
th { border-width: thick; border-style: ridge; }
td { border-style: dashed; border-color: darkslategray; }
p { border-bottom-style: outset;
background-color: lightyellow; color: darkslategray;}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>CS301 - Internet Application Development</p>
<table>
<tr> <th>Title</th> <th>Author</th> <th>Track</th> </tr>
<tr> <td>Foundation Flash CS3 for Designers</td>
<td>T. Green, D. Stiller</td> <td>Flash</th> </tr>
<tr> <td>ASP.NET 3.5 Unleashed</td>
<td>S. Walther</td> <td>ASP.NET</th> </tr>
</table>
</body>
</html>
Borders
In-class Exercise
Experiment with borders
Property
Description
Values
border-color
Color for border
color
border-style
Style for border
none, hidden,
dotted, dashed,
solid, double,
groove, ridge,
inset, outset
border-width
Width of all four

borders
thin
medium
thick
border-XXXX-YYYY
Specific border settings
XXXX={left, right,
top, bottom}
YYYY={color, style,
width}
Lists
Property
Description Values
list-style-image
Image for items

in a list
none
url
list-style-position Where marker

inside
should be located outside
list-style-type
Type of marker
none, disc, circle,

square, decimal,
decimal-leading-zero,
lower-roman,
upper-roman,
lower-alpha,
upper-alpha,
lower-greek,
lower-latin,
upper-latin, hebrew,
armenian, georgian,
cjk-ideographic,
hiragana, katakana
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>NFL Standings</title>
ul {list-style-type: hebrew }
ul.nfc {list-style-image: url('NFC.gif')}
ul.afc {list-style-image: url('AFC.gif')}
</style></head>
<body>
<h1>NFL Standings as of 21 December 2006</h1>
Conferences:
<ul>
<li>NFC<ul class="nfc">
<li>NFC East</li> <li>NFC North</li>
<li>NFC South</li> <li>NFC West</li>
</ul></li>
<li>AFC<ul class="afc">
<li>AFC East</li> <li>AFC North</li>
<li>AFC South</li> <li>AFC West</li>
</ul></li>
</ul>
Lists
In-class Exercise
Experiment with lists
Property
Description
Values
list-style-image
Image for items in a

list
none
url
list-style-position
Where marker should

be located
inside
outside
list-style-type
Type of marker
none, disc, circle, square,

decimal, decimal-leading-zero,
lower-roman,
upper-roman,
lower-alpha,
upper-alpha,
lower-greek,
lower-latin,
upper-latin, hebrew, armenian,
georgian, cjk-ideographic,
hiragana, katakana
Dimension
Property
Description Values
height
Height of an
image
auto
length
%
width
Width of an
image
auto
length
%
line-height
Height of lines
normal
number
length
%
Example
<html>
<head>
</head>
<body>
<h1 style="text-align: center; color: darkred">Go Bucs!</h1>
<p style="text-align: center">
<img src="main_logo.gif"></img>
</p>
<p style="text-align: center">
<img src="main_logo.gif" style="width: 50; height: 50">
</img>
</img>
</img>
</img>
</p>
</body>
</html>
Dimensions
Pseudo-classes
Some selectors can have special effects
Anchor (<a>) is one such selector
It supports link, visited, hover and active
Note: a:hover MUST come after a:link
Note: a:active MUST come after a:hover
We may want different behaviors for each case

Syntax:
selector:pseudo-class {property: value}
selector.class:pseudo-class {property: value}
Example 1
<html>
<head>
a:link {color: #FF0000}
a:visited {color: #00FF00}
a:hover {color: #FF00FF}
a:active {color: #0000FF}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p><b><a href="http://www.whitworth.edu">This is a link</a></b></p>
<p><b>Note:</b> a:hover MUST come after a:link and a:visited in the CSS
definition in order to be effective!!</p>
<p><b>Note:</b> a:active MUST come after a:hover in the CSS definition in
order to be effective!!</p>
</body>
</html>
Slightly modified from W3Schools.com
anchor1
Example 2
<html><head>
a.one:link {color: #ff0000} a.one:visited {color: #0000ff}
a.one:hover {color: #ffcc00}
a.two:link {color: #ff0000} a.two:visited {color: #0000ff}
a.two:hover {font-size: 150%}
a.three:link {color: #ff0000} a.three:visited {color: #0000ff}
a.three:hover {background: #66ff66}
a.four:link {color: #ff0000} a.four:visited {color: #0000ff}
a.four:hover {font-family: monospace}
</style>
</head>
<body>
<p>Mouse over the links to see them change layout.</p>
<p><b><a
<p><b><a
<p><b><a
<p><b><a
</body>
</html>
class="one" href="default.asp">changes color</a></b></p>

class="two" href="default.asp" >changes font-size</a></b></p>
class="three" href="default.asp">changes background-color</a></b></p>
class="four" href="default.asp">changes font-family</a></b></p>
Slightly modified from W3Schools.com
anchor2
Final word on div tag

The <div> tag allows positioning of a
group of HTML elements
.classes {
position:fixed;
width:170px;
top:250px;
font-style:oblique;
}
.papers {
text-align:left;
position:relative;
left:190px;
}
<div class="classes"><p>
<a href="#top">top</a> <br>
<a href="#CS374_2008">CS374: Fall 2008</a> <br>
<a href="#CS499_2008">CS499: Spring 2008</a>
<br>
<a href="#MA430_2006">MA430W: Spring
2006</a><br>
<a href="#CS499_2006">CS499: Spring 2006</a>
<br>
</p></div>
<div class="papers">
</div>
Student Research
Final word on span tag

The <span> tag also allows you to apply
classes within a tag
No effect on style of text (<div> includes <p>)
.journaltitle {
font-size:large;
font-weight:bold;
color:black;
font-variant:small-caps;
}
.editor {
font-size:small;
font-style:italic;
font-variant:small-caps;
color:black;
}
<span class="journaltitle">
<a name="CS374_2008">Fall 2008 -- CS374:
Database Management Systems
</a>
</span>
<span class="editor">Edited by
<a href="http://www.whitworth.edu/...">
Peter A. Tucker
</a>
</span><br>
Student Research
We want to control what

happens with form data
Currently our form just sends results to Google
It's more fun if we can control how the data is processed
We sure don't want login information to go to Google
We would really like to store customer information in our own database
For example, what if users could select their search engine?
We need a way to respond to form inputs

Must happen on the server
Many server-side options:
Perl, PHP, Python, ASP.NET
Well take a quick tour of PHP to handle our form results
Server basics
HTML file is requested by user
Request travels over internet
Internet server locates file and responds
Internet
Internet
file.html
Internet
Server
Software
<html>
<body>
<p>Hello World!</p>
</script>
</body>
</html>
A Brief Word on PHP

PHP is a C-like language that runs on the internet server (CS1 for us)
PHP scripts are embedded in HTML code
File extension .php

Inside <?php ?> tag
A scripts output is pasted into the HTML
Internet
Server
Software
Internet
Internet
myfile.php
PHP
Interp
<html>
<body>
<html>
<?php
<body>
echo
"<p>Hello
World!</p>";
<p>Hello
World!</p>
> </body>
</script>
</html>
</body>
</html>
Simple PHP script

myfile.php
<html>
<head>
<title>Simple PHP</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo "<p>Hello world</p>";
?>
</body>
</html>
<p>Hello world</p>
PHP Interpreter
IIS
Simple PHP
Main Motivation
Processing Form Data
We really want that data that users gave
us
Dont just send it to Google!
The input names will be useful

We can use $_REQUEST to read that data
Handling Input Example

<html>
<head>
<title>Simple PHP</title>
</head>
<body>
<?php
echo "<p>Hello world</p>\n";
if (isset($_REQUEST["name"])) {
echo "<p>Welcome back " . $_REQUEST["name"];
}
else {
?>
<form action="name.php" method="GET">
<input type="textbox" name="name">
<br /><input type="submit" value="Login">
</form>
<?php
}
?>
</body>
</html>
Name PHP
Scripting on the Client

We would like an interactive web page
For example, input validation
HTML is static
Nothing changes
Server-side scripting gave some interactivity

But required trips to the server and back
Client-side scripting languages give us more flexibility

Processed by browser no trips to the server and back
Many languages (VBScript, JavaScript, DHTML)
Well focus on JavaScript
JavaScript Basics
JavaScript is a simple programming
language
It is not Java
JavaScript is embedded in HTML

Most browsers support JavaScript
Though not all!
What can we do in JavaScript?

JavaScript is a programming language for
HTML developers
Like us
JavaScript can
dynamically put text into an HTML page

react to events
read and write HTML elements
be used to validate data
Embedding JavaScript
JavaScript is embedded anywhere in HTML
using the <script> tag
For now, we will only put code in the <body>
section
Well see other options later
For example, the following outputs Hello World!

on a web page:
<html>
<body>
<script type="text/javascript">
document.write("<p>Hello World!</p>");
</script>
</body>
</html>
hello.html
Input Validation
OK, now for the most common use for
JavaScript
A form has a number of fields
Some are required, others are not
If we send all the data to the server, then
validate, we waste time
If there is invalid input, then we should try to catch it
before going to the server
JavaScript can do this for us
JavaScript Input Validation

Requirements
JavaScript function that:
returns true if all inputs are valid
returns false if any input is invalid
Form has a name associated with it

Form uses the JavaScript function for its
onSubmit event
<form name="myform" onSubmit="return fn()">
Input control values can be accessed in JavaScript:
document.myform.myinput.value
Email
Example
<html>
<head>
<title>Personal Information</title>
<script language="JavaScript">
function validate_email() {
if (document.email_addr.email.value == ""){
alert("Email must be filled out!")
document.email_addr.email.focus()
return false
} else {
return true
}
}
</script>
</head>
<body>
<form name="email_addr" action="thanks.htm" action="get"
onsubmit="return validate_email()">
Email: <input type="text" name="email"/>
<input type="submit" value="submit"/>
</form>
</body>
</html>

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HTML and CSS

As presented February 2009 to Online J-Lab

SGML Standard Generalized Markup Language

HTML Hypertext Markup Language

XML Extensible Markup Language

Many freeware HTML editors exist

Tags may be nested

Tags with no content can optionally close themselves

Tags often contain attributes

Whitespace (space, tab, enter) ignored (except the first)

spaced = This is spaced = This is

HTML Skeleton Page

html indicates the type of

(window title bar)

body contains main

Our First Page

Sets Title Bar text

White space ignored

Various headings in your document

Define new paragraph

Line break: <br>

New line, but not new paragraph

Horizontal rule: <hr>

Draw horizontal line across page

Comment:

Defines bold text

Defines big text

Defines emphasized text

Defines italic text

Defines small text

Defines strong text

Defines subscripted text

Defines superscripted text

Defines inserted text

Defines deleted text

Wrap text with tags: <big>CS301 is a great Jan Term class!</big>

href destination page

<tr> Define a table row

<th> Define table heading

Ordered List: <ol>

Definition List: <dl>

Enhanced NFL Standings

We've also seen how to put images on the screen

We can put the two together

<img src="WhitworthLogo.gif" /> </a>

<img src="WhitworthLogo.gif" /> Go Bucs!

HTML <div> tag

(e.g. menu bar, image list, )

For now, it isn't much help

HTML uses forms to set up user input

Tag <form> begins a form section

Form Input Objects

Type attribute specifies the kind of input object

We'll discuss these in more detail soon

Simple form search engine

action, method attributes of <form> specify

<form action="mydest.htm" method="get">

Modify your form to use the "thank you"

your thank you page

control on web page

Submitted URL does not contain control values

Post Search Page #2