Waste Manag

ement

In
United
Kingdom
In United Kingdom

What is waste management ?

Waste management is the collection, transport, processing or disposal,
managing and monitoring of waste materials. The term usually relates to
materials produced by human activity, and the process is generally
undertaken to reduce their effect on health, the environment.
Waste management practices can differ for developed and developing
nations, for urban and rural areas, and for residential and industrial
producers. Management for non-hazardous waste residential and
institutional waste in metropolitan areas is usually the responsibility of
local government authorities, while management for non-hazardous
commercial and industrial waste is usually the responsibility of the
generator subject to local, national or international controls.

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What is Waste ?
The term waste generally entails an unwanted or unusable material that is
deliberately discarded by its users.

Sources Of Waste
Households
Commerce and Industry
Agriculture
Fisheries

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Kinds Of Wastes
Solid Waste : Domestic, Commercial and Industrial wastes especially
common as co-disposal of wastes.
Example: Plastics, Styrofoam containers, Bottles,
Cans, Papers, Scrap iron and other trash.
Liquid Waste : Wastes in liquid form.
Example: Domestic washings, Chemicals, Oils, Waste
water from ponds, Manufacturing industries and
other sources.

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Classification Of waste
According to their properties
BIO-DEGRADABLE
Can be degraded
(paper, wood, fruits and others)
NON-BIODEGRADABLE
Cannot be degraded
(plastics, bottles, old machines, cans, Styrofoam
containers and others)

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Classification Of Waste
Solid waste -

Vegetable waste, Kitchen waste, Household waste etc.

E-waste Discarded electronic devices like Computer, T.V,

Music systems etc.
Liquid waste - Water used for different Industries e.g. Tanneries,
Distilleries, Thermal power plants
Plastic waste -

Plastic bags, Bottles, Buckets etc.

Metal waste -

Unused metal sheet, Metal scraps etc.

Nuclear waste - Unused materials from Nuclear power plants.

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SOLID WASTE
Classification :

Domestic waste
Factory waste
Waste from oil factory
E-waste
Construction waste
Agricultural waste
Food processing waste
Bio-medical waste
Nuclear waste

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Waste Generation by Country

(Global
(Global Waste
Waste Survey
Survey Final
Final Report
Report Published
Published by
by IMO
IMO 1995)*
1995)*
Countries

Amount /year

Japan

395 M tonnes/year

Germany

104 M tonnes/year

Netherlands

6.1 M tonnes/year

Hungary

102 M tonnes/year

Poland

130 M tonnes/year

Romania

607 M tonnes/year

Bahrain

92,000 tonnes/year

China

6 B tonnes/year

Philippines

1.3 M tonnes/year

*from primary and secondary industry sectors

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Compare

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Waste Hierarchy

Waste Hierarchy Page 10

Waste Management Concepts

Waste hierarchy - The waste hierarchy
refers to the "3 Rs" reduce, reuse and
recycle, which classify waste management
strategies according to their desirability in
terms of waste minimization. The aim of the
waste hierarchy is to extract the maximum
practical benefits from products and to
generate the minimum amount of waste.
Polluter pays principle - The Polluter Pays
Principle is a principle where the polluting
party pays for the impact caused to the
environment. With respect to waste
management, this generally refers to the
requirement for a waste generator to pay for
appropriate disposal of the unrecoverable
material.

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Houses

Stores

Composting

Process Page 12

Landfill

Waste To
Energy

Houses
Stores
Manufacturing
Industries

Houses

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Glass
Plastic
Paper
Metal

Methods Of Disposal
LANDFILL
Landfill, or land-raise sites are currently the primary disposal route for all wastes
in the UK and US, accounting for around 80% of the countrys waste stream.
Most types of waste may be disposed of via landfill.
In this process, the waste materials are brought to a particular place abandoned
or unused, such as: quarries, mining voids or borrow pits. Then they are buried on
the ground to get disposed with time.
A properly designed and well-managed landfill can be a hygienic and relatively
inexpensive method of disposing of waste materials
Design characteristics of a modern landfill include methods to contain leachate
such as clay or plastic lining material. Deposited waste is normally compacted to
increase its density and stability, and covered to prevent attracting vermin (such
as mice or rats). Many landfills also have landfill gas extraction systems installed
to extract the landfill gas. Gas is pumped out of the landfill using perforated pipes
and flared off or burnt in a gas engine to generate electricity.
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Process

Process Page 15

Examples of particularly large landfills in

England include :
Pitsea, Cleanaway Ltd, Essex
Mucking, Cory Environmental Ltd, Essex
Calvert, Shanks Waste Services Ltd,
Buckinghamshire
Pilsworth, Viridor Waste Management Ltd,
Manchester
Packington, SITA, Birmingham

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Methods Of Disposal
COMPOSTING
Composting is a biological process in which micro-organisms convert biodegradable organic
matter into a stabilized residue known as compost. The process uses oxygen drawn from the
air and produces carbon dioxide and water vapour as by-products .

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Examples of large scale composting

plants operating in the UK are :
Pitsea Landfill Site, Cleanaway Ltd, Essex
Gowy Landfill Site, Waste Recycling Group plc,
Trafford, Chester
Down End Quarry Composting Facility,
Hampshire Waste Services, Fareham,Hampshire
Midlands Composting and Recycling, Jack Moody
Ltd, Holly bush Farm,
Wolverhampton

Examples Page 18

Methods Of Disposal
Incineration

The process of incineration involves the burning of waste materials.

Incinerators usually transform the waste materials into heat, gas, steam
and ashes. As this particular waste management system produces heat,
therefore it is sometimes called thermal treatment.
This waste management process is considered to be a practical method
of disposing certain categories of harmful waste materials, such as
medical waste materials.

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Methods Of Disposal
Plasma Gasification

Plasma gasification is another waste management process where

gasified vessel utilizes to transform solid or liquid wastes into a syngas.
This particular process of waste management results in the fundamental
disposal of waste and other harmful materials. It is not only a very useful
process of waste management, but also a great way of renewing power
generation in an environmentally sustainable manner.

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Composition

Composition Page 22

Household Waste

Household Waste Page 23

Methods Of Disposal
RECYCLING
Recycling is a resource recovery practice that refers to the collection and reuse of
waste materials such as empty beverage containers. The materials from which
the items are made can be reprocessed into new products. Material for recycling
may be collected separately from general waste using dedicated bins and
collection vehicles, or sorted directly from mixed waste streams. Known as kerbside recycling, it requires the owner of the waste to separate it into various
different bins (typically wheelie bins) prior to its collection.
The most common consumer products recycled include aluminium such as
beverage cans, copper such as wire, steel food and aerosol cans, old steel
furnishings or equipment, polyethylene and PET bottles, glass bottles and jars,
paperboard cartons, newspapers, magazines and light paper, and corrugated
fiberboard boxes.

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Methods Of Disposal

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Avoidance and reduction methods

An important method of waste management is the prevention of
waste material being created, also known as waste reduction.
Methods of avoidance include:
Reuse of second-hand products.
Repairing broken items instead of buying new.
Designing products to be refillable or reusable (such as cotton instead of
plastic shopping bags).
Encouraging consumers to avoid using disposable products (such as
disposable cutlery).
Removing any food/liquid remains from cans, packaging and designing
products that use less material to achieve the same purpose (for example,
light weighting of beverage cans).
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What Can We Do?

There are a lot of waste management methods available for disposal of
different kinds of waste materials. While going to dispose these waste
materials, in order to make the process easy, at first the waste materials
are sorted out into various categories, such as:
Waste materials for landfill disposal
Plasma gasification
Incineration
And Recycling
Depending on the type of material, different methods are used. Among
all the existing waste management processes, waste management
recycling is considered to be the best.

Various methods Page 27

Future

Summary Page 28

Thank You
Presented
by:
Savita

Made By: Savita Verma Page 29

Made by:
Savita Verma