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Classification
A. Natural
Protein, Nucleic acid,
Polysaccharide
PET,
Polyurethane
Polyethylene
B. Synthetic
CH2
CH2
CHCl
Polymer
CH2CH2
CH2CH2
Cl
O
H2C
CH2
CH2CH2O
HOCH2CH2OH
CH2CH2O
O
HO
CO2H
Definitions
A. Acoording to the amount of repeating units
monomer : one unit
oligomer : few
polymer : many (poly many, mer part)
telechelic polymer : polymer containing reactive end group
(tele = far, chele = claw)
telechelic oligomer : oligomer containing reactive end group
macromer(=macro monomer) : monomer containing long chain
Polymerization Processes
B. Modern classification of polymerization according to
polymerization mechanism
Step growth polymerization : Polymers build up stepwise
Definitions
B. DP : Degree of polymerization
The total number of repeating units
contained terminal group
(a) linear(b)branch
(c)network
(c)ladder polymer
(e) polyrotaxane
(g) dendrimer
(f) polycatenane
Degree of swelling
m m 0 V V0
m0
V0
mo mass of polymer at the beginning,
m - mass of polymer at the end
Velocity of swelling
dm
dt
(w2-w1)/(w1) %
w1= weight of the polymer (Before swelling)
w2= weight of the polymer (After swelling)
Abbreviations
PVC
Poly(vinyl chloride)
Low-density polyethylene
PET
Poly(ethylene terephthalate)
Commodity Plastic
Type
Abbreviation
HDPE
PP
Poly(vinyl chloride)
PVC
Polystyrene
PS
MajorUses
Packaging film, wire and cable insulation,
toys, flexible bottles housewares, coatings
Bottles, drums, pipe, conduit, sheet, film,
wire and cable insulation
Automobile and appliance parts, furniture,
cordage, webbing, carpeting, film packaging
Construction, rigid pipe, flooring, wire
and cable insulation, film and sheet
Packaging (foam and film), foam
insulation appliances, housewares, toys
1) Plastics : 56%
2) Fibers : 18%
3) Synthetic rubber : 11%
4) Coating and Adhesives : 15%
b.Styrene-butadiene copolymer
Synthetic rubber, PET
Fiber (polyester)
Latex paint
Plastic (bottle)
Plastics
1) Commodity plastics
LDPE, HDPE, PP, PVC, PS
2) Engineering plastics
Acetal, Polyamide, Polyamideimide, Polyarylate,
Polybenzimidazole, etc.
3) Thermosetting plastics
Phenol-formaldehyde, Urea-formaldehyde,
Unsaturated polyester, Epoxy,
Melamine-formaldehyde
4) Functional plastics
Optics, Biomaterial, etc.
Fibers
1) Cellulosic : Acetate rayon, Viscose rayon
2) Noncellulosic :
Polyester, Nylon(Nylon6,6, Nylon6, etc), Olefin
(PP, Copolymer(PVC 85%+PAN and others 15%;
vinyon))
3) Acrylic :
Contain at least 80% acrylonitrile
(PAN 80% + PVC and others 20%)
Rubber (Elastomers)
1) Natural rubber : cis-polyisoprene
2) Synthetic rubber : Styrene-butadiene, Polybutadiene,
Ethylene-propylene(EPDM), Polychloroprene,
Polyisoprene,
Nitrile, Butyl, Silicone, Urethane
3) Thermoplastic elastomer : Styrene-butadiene block
copolymer (SB or SBS)
Description
Polychloroprene
Principally the trans-1,4polymer, but also some cis-1,4 and 1,2 polymer;
also known as neoprene rubber
Polyisoprene
Nitrile
Butyl
Silicone
Urethane
H O
N
H R
27
28
Base
OH
3'
H
O ..... H N
H3C
O P O
OH
O P O
OH
O
U
O
H2C
N H
O P O
OH
OH
O P O
H2C
O P O
H2C
H2C
O
O P O
OH
RNA
H
N H ..... O
A
CH3
N ........ H N T
C N .....
H N G
N
N
O .... H N
H
P O
O
CH2
OH
O P O
OH
NH2
OH
O
H
N H .. O
O P O
OH
OH
A N
H2C
NH
N
N
OH
CH2
O
N
P O
O
NH ......... O
OH
OH
OH
O
O P O
CH2
G N H ........ N C
NH2
N
O
H2C
CH2 O
H
O ... H N
OH
G N
O
O P O
H2C
T N H ...... N
5'
O P O
CH2
O
N
O
3'
O P O
O
O
5'
DNA
31
Microencapsulation
Microencapsulationis a
process in which tiny
particles or droplets
are surrounded by a
coating to give small
capsules many useful
properties.
Ionotropic gelation
In-situ
polymerization
Coacervation-phase
separation
Coacervation
The
phenomeno
n of forming
a liquid rich
in polymer
phase in
equilibrium
with another
liquid
phase.
Mechanism of coacervation
Formation of
primary droplets
with hydrated
macromoleculars
Secondary
drop from
primary
cluster
Layering the
solution with
coacervates top