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Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 2
Objectives (continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 3
Introduction
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 4
The Language of Computer Networks
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 5
The Language of Computer Networks
(continued)
• Wide area network – a large network that encompasses
parts of states, multiple states, countries, and the world
• Personal area network – a network of a few meters,
between wireless devices such as PDAs, laptops, and
similar devices
• Voice network – a network that transmits telephone
signals
• Data network – a network that transmits computer data
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 6
The Language of Computer Networks
(continued)
• Data communications – the transfer of digital or
analog data using digital or analog signals
• Telecommunications – the study of telephones
and the systems that transmit telephone signals
• Network management – the design, installation,
and support of a network, including its hardware
and software
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 7
The Big Picture of Networks
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 8
The Big Picture of Networks (continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 9
Communications Networks – Basic
Connections
• Computer terminal / microcomputer-to-
mainframe
• Microcomputer-to-local area network
• Microcomputer-to-Internet
• Local area network-to-local area network
• Personal area network-to-workstation
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 10
Communications Networks – Basic
Connections (continued)
• Local area network-to-metropolitan area network
• Local area network-to-wide area network
• Sensor-to-local area network
• Satellite and microwave
• Wireless telephone and wired telephone to
network
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 11
Terminal/Microcomputer-to-Mainframe
Computer Connections
• Predominant form in the 1960s and 1970s
• Still used in many types of businesses for data
entry and data retrieval
• Usually involves a low-speed connection
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 12
Terminal/Microcomputer-to-Mainframe
Computer Connections (continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 13
Microcomputer-to-Local Area Network
Connections
• Highly common throughout business and
academic environments, and now homes
• Typically a medium- to high-speed connection
• Computer (device) requires a NIC (network
interface card)
• NIC connects to a hub-like device
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 14
Microcomputer-to-Local Area Network
Connections (continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 15
Microcomputer-to-Internet Connections
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 16
Microcomputer-to-Internet Connections
(continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 17
Local Area Network-to-Local Area Network
Connections
• Found in systems that have two or more LANs
and a need for them to intercommunicate
• A bridge-like device (such as a switch) is
typically used to interconnect LANs
• Switch can filter frames
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 18
Local Area Network-to-Local Area Network
Connections (continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 19
Personal Area Network-to-Workstation
Connections
• Interconnects wireless devices such as PDAs,
laptops and notebooks, and music playback
devices
• Used over short distances such as a few meters
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 20
Personal Area Network-to-Workstation
Connections (continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 21
Local Area Network-to-Metropolitan Area
Network Connections
• Used to interconnect companies (usually their
local area networks) to networks that
encompass a city
• High-speed networks with redundant circuits
• Metro Ethernet is latest form of metropolitan
LAN
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 22
Local Area Network-to-Metropolitan Area
Network Connections (continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 23
Local Area Network-to-Wide Area Network
Connections
• One of the most common ways to interconnect a
user on a LAN workstation to the Internet (a
wide area network)
• A router is the typical device that performs LAN
to WAN connections
• Routers are more complex devices than
switches
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 24
Local Area Network-to-Wide Area Network
Connections (continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 25
Wide Area Network-to-Wide Area Network
Connections
• High-speed routers and switches are used to
connect one wide area network to another
• Thousands of wide area networks across North
America, many interconnected via these routers
and switches
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 26
Sensor-to-Local Area Network Connections
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 27
Sensor-to-Local Area Network Connections
(continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 28
Satellite and Microwave Connections
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 29
Satellite and Microwave Connections
(continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 30
Wireless Telephone Connections
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 31
Wireless Telephone Connections
(continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 32
Convergence
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 33
Network Architectures
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 34
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Model
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 35
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Model (continued)
• Application layer
– Where the application using the network resides
– Common network applications include Web
browsing, e-mail, file transfers, and remote logins
• Presentation layer
– Performs a series of miscellaneous functions
necessary for presenting the data package
properly to the sender or receiver
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 36
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Model (continued)
• Session layer
– Responsible for establishing sessions between users
• Transport layer
– Provides an end-to-end error-free network connection
– Makes sure data arrives at destination exactly as it left
the source
• Network layer
– Responsible for creating, maintaining, and ending
network connections
– Transfers data packet from node to node within network
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 37
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Model (continued)
• Data link layer
– Responsible for taking the data and transforming it into a
frame with header, control, and address information, and
error detection code
• Physical layer
– Handles the transmission of bits over a communications
channel
– Includes voltage levels, connectors, media choice,
modulation techniques
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 38
The Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
Model (continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 39
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 40
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite (continued)
• Application layer
– Equivalent to OSI’s application and presentation layers
• Transport layer
– Equivalent to OSI’s transport layer
• Network (Internet or internetwork) layer
– Equivalent to OSI’s network layer
• Network access (data link/physical) layer
– Equivalent to OSI’s data link and physical layers
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 41
Logical and Physical Connections
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 42
Logical and Physical Connections
(continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 43
Logical and Physical Connections
(continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 44
Network Connections In Action
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 45
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite In Action
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 46
The TCP/IP Protocol Suite In Action
(continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 47
Summary
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 48
Summary (continued)
• Application areas can be understood in terms of general network
connections:
– Terminal/microcomputer-to-mainframe computer
– Microcomputer-to-local area network
– Microcomputer-to-Internet
– Local area network-to-local area network
– Personal area network-to-workstation
– Local area network-to-metropolitan area network
– Local area network-to-wide area network
– Wide area network-to-wide area network
– Sensor-to-local area network
– Satellite and microwave
– Wireless telephone
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 49
Summary (continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 50
Summary (continued)
Data Communications and Computer Networks: A Business User's Approach, Fifth Edition 51