BASIC COURSE ON WELDING

PURPOSE
The purpose of this course is to provide
and make yourself understand the
basic terms and definition related with
the process of welding.

SCOPE OF PRESENTATION
Definitions & types of Joint/Weld
Weld Symbols
Welding Processes
Basic Non-Destructive Testing

DEFINITIONS
JOINT:
Alignment of members
WELD JOINT:
Aligning the metals for welding.
WELDING:
Joining 2 materials with the use of heat/pressure
with or without addition of filler metal.

TYPES OF JOINTS
Butt Joint
T- Joint
Lap Joint
Corner Joint
Closed

Open

TYPES OF WELDS
Butt Weld

Fillet Weld

Spot/Seam Weld

Edge Weld

Plug Weld

TYPICAL WELD JOINT

TERMINOLOGY

TYPES OF SINGLE BUTT

PREPARATION

TYPES OF DOUBLE BUTT

PREPARATION

WELDED BUTT JOINTS

WELDED T-JOINTS

WELDED LAP JOINT

WELDED CORNER JOINTS

WELDED CORNER JOINTS

COMPLETED WELD
TERMINOLOGY
BUTT WELD

Bevel
Angle

Face Side

Weld
Toe
Weld Reinforcement

Root
Land

Root
Gap

Root penetration

Root Side

FILLET WELD

SIGNIFICANCE OF BEVEL
Ensuring

fusion along the side walls of

the joint
Accessibility for Welding

BREAK FOR 10
MINUTES

WELDING SYMBOLS
Welding

symbols provide a system for

placing complete welding information on
drawing
Graphical representation of weld including
direction significance
Welding symbol quickly indicate to the
Designer, Draftsman, Supervisor and welding
personnel which welding technique is
required to satisfy the requirements for
material strength and other requirements

STANDARDS FOR WELD

SYMBOLS
2 Types of Standards are used to define
weld symbol
AWS

A2.4 (US) & BS 499 (UK)

BS EN 22553 (ISO 2553)

WELDING SYMBOL ELEMENTS

AWS & BS

Weld all
around

Arrow Line
Reference
Line
Basic Weld
Symbol
Dimensions
Supplementary
information

Site Weld
Weld info for other side

Tail

Weld info for arrow side

Reference
Line
Arrow Line

BASIC CONSTRUCTION OF
SYMBOL

BASIC WELD SYMBOLS ON

ARROW SIDE
Fillet Weld

Square Butt

Single Bevel

Single UGroove

Single-V Groove

Single J-Groove

BASIC WELD SYMBOLS ON

OTHER SIDE
Fillet Weld

Square Butt

Single Bevel

Single UGroove

Single-V Groove

Single J-Groove

BASIC WELD SYMBOLS ON

BOTH SIDE
Fillet Weld

Square Butt

Double Bevel

Double UGroove

Double-V Groove

Double JGroove

BASIC WELD SYMBOL

REPRESENTATION

BASIC WELD SYMBOL

REPRESENTATION

BASIC WELD SYMBOL

REPRESENTATION

BASIC WELD SYMBOL

REPRESENTATION

BASIC WELD SYMBOL

REPRESENTATION

BASIC WELD SYMBOL

REPRESENTATION

SUPPLIMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS

Field Weld

Weld All
Around

Convex Contour Fillet

weld

Grind Flush

Concave Contour Fillet

weld

Tail my be
used to
Process/NDT/
Other info

TEST ON WELD
SYMBOLS

WELD SYMBOL AS PER BS EN

22553

OR

WELD SYMBOL AS PER BS EN

22553

Welds this side of Joint, go on the unbroken

reference line
Welds on the other side of the joint, go on the
broken reference line
Symbols with a vertical line component must be
drawn with the vertical line to the left side of the symbol
ALL CSA dimensions are shown to the left of the symbol
All linear dimensions are shown on the right of the
symbol i.e. No. of welds, length of welds, length of any
spaces
All leg lengths shall be preceded by Z and throat by a
or s

WELD SYMBOL AS PER BS EN 22553

TYPICAL EXAMPLES
Z8
OR

Z8

a5 Z
8

5
8

OR

a5 Z 8

WELDING PROCESSES

Types of Prominent Welding

Process in Fabrication Industry
Shielded

Metal Arc Welding (SMAW)

Gas Tungsten Arc Welding (GTAW)
Gas Metal Arc Welding (GMAW)
Flux Cored Arc Welding (FCAW)
Submerged Arc Welding (SAW)

SMAW - PREVIEW
Commonly

used welding process

Require AC/DC Power Source, Welding /
Earthing Cable, Consumable Electrode,
Electrode Holder and Earthing clamp
Can used in all position
High level of skill is required to deposit
sound weld
Some type of electrodes need
conditioning for better performance

GTAW-PREVIEW

Commonly used process for welding root pass in

piping, tube-tube sheet and low thickness materials
Require AC/DC Power Source, Welding / Earthing
Cable, non-Consumable Tg Electrode, Torch, Filler
metal, Inert Shielding gas and Earthing clamp
Can used in all position
High level of skill is required to deposit sound weld
Deposition rate cannot increased beyond certain
level
Easy to control heat
No electrode conditioning is required

GMAW/FCAW-PREVIEW
High

productivity Welding process

Most commonly used process for welding
thin sheet material
Certain classification of electrodes can be
used in all position welding
Medium skilled welding process
Not useful for root pass welding in full
penetration welds.
Easy to control heat
No electrode conditioning is required

SAW-PREVIEW
High

metal deposit welding process

Mostly useable in flat or horizontal position
High skill require to attain a sound deposit of
weld metal
Flux need to be conditioned before use
High heat input process
Set-up time is relatively large as compared with
all other process. Mostly set-up time shall be
compensated for high thickness weld deposit.

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TESTING
Common Type of NDT used:
Radiographic Testing
Ultrasonic Testing
Magnetic Particle testing
Liquid Penetrant Testing

RADIOGRAPHIC TESTING
Useful

in examining the internal defects of

almost all materials except very thin
sheets
Produces permanent record of testing
Need access on both sides of object need
to be Radio graphed
Radiation is harmful for humans, so safety
procedures need to be followed strictly
Cannot produce immediate results

ULTRASONIC TESTING
Sound

waves are used to detect internal

defects of material.
Single side access is sufficient
Primary used for materials having thickness
at least 6mm or more
Need high level of skill for interpreting the
reflections from the defects.
Instant results
No permanent record
Not yield good results in coarse grain
structure materials

MAGNETIC PARTICLE TESTING

Applicable

only for Ferro-Magnetic

materials
Useful in detecting only surface and
sub-surface defects
Require demagnetizing to avoid arc
blow during welding for high hardness
materials
Involves Electric hazard

PENETRANT TESTING
Utilises

the principle of capillary rise

for the detection of defects
Useful only for detecting surface
defects
Low level skill is required
Post cleaning is required

THANK YOU
Any Questions?