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Dam.........................................................baraj
Small dam...............................................bent veya glet
Reservoir................................................hazne veya gl alan
Leakage..................................................su kaa
Seepage..................................................szma
Storage...................................................depolama
Coffer dam..............................................batardo
Upstream coffer dam.............................memba batardosu
Downstream coffer dam........................mansap batardosu
Core.........................................................baraj ekirdei
Filter.........................................................filtre veya geirgen katman
Diversion tunnel.....................................derivasyon tneli evirme tneli
Rip-rap.....................................................koruyucu kaya dolgu
Cut-off.....................................................hendek
Toe-drain.................................................topuk drenaj
Right side................................................sa yan sa sahil
Left side..................................................sol yan sol sahil
River side.....................................nehir ii
Butress.........................................payanda
Foundation...................................temel
Embankment................................sedde
Base-width....................................taban genilii
Crest..............................................tepe
Cut-off trench...............................saplama hendei
Expansion joint............................genileme derzi (dilatasyon)
Spillway........................................dolusavak
Gravity dam..................................arlk baraj
Tail water......................................kan su
Head water...................................giren su
Arch dam......................................kemer baraj
Abutment......................................yan dayanak
Multiple arch dam........................ok kemerli baraj veya payandal baraj
Extrados.......................................d yzey
Intrados........................................i yzey
Parapet...............................................korkuluk
Rock fill dam......................................kaya dolgu baraj
Compacted rock fill...........................sktrlm kaya dolgu
Dumped rock fill................................dkme kaya dolgu
Foot wall.............................................topuk duvar
Earth dam...........................................toprak baraj
Watertight core..................................geirimsiz ekirdek
Watertight diaphram.........................geirimsiz perde
Retaining wall....................................istinat (dayanma) duvar
Hard ground......................................salam zemin
Impervious ground...........................geirimsiz zemin
Grout curtain.....................................enjeksiyon (harlama) perdesi
Overburden.......................................syrlacak katman
Bedrock.............................................yerli kaya
Definition
Karakaya Dam/Diyarbakr
Atatrk Dam/anlurfa
CLASSIFICATION OF
DAMS
If the height of the dam is between 10m and 15m and matches the
following criteria, then ICOLD accepts the dam as big:
Medium Dam
Gravity Dams
Arch Dams
Butress Dams
Embankment Dams
Composite Dams
GRAVITY DAMS
ARCH DAMS
BUTRESS DAMS
EMBANKMENT DAMS
(Rock Fill or Earth Fill Dams)
COMPOSITE DAMS
ENGINEERING GEOLOGICAL
STUDIES for DAM
CONSTRUCTION
1. RECONNAISSANCE STUDY
Evaluation of the data having at archives of MTA, DSI, EIE,
Universities,......etc
Field investigation for limited time (Reconnaissance Study)
Some maps in small scale, for example 1/25.000 or 1/50.000
Some hydraulic data about
1.
2.
3.
4.
a.
b.
c.
d.
5.
6.
7.
Basin
Precipitation area
Runoff, maximum discharge {Q=R/t (m3/s)}
Modulus of Runoff (R/t/m2 ~ R/t/km2)
Some approach to the reservoir area, dam site and type of dam
and height of dam...etc
Photogeological studies
A preliminary report
2.
3.
4.
Geological studies
Geophysical surveying
Underground investigations
1. Boreholes
2. Investigation galleries
3. Pitholes
5.
6.
7.
8.
9.
10.
11.
Topographic surveyings
2.
Geological mappings
1/5000 1/1000 or 1/500
3.
Underground explorations
Boreholes, adits....etc
4.
Hydrogeological studies
5.
Topography
Geology
Material availability
Spillway position
Earthquakes
Safety
Height
Aesthetic view
Qualified labour
Cost
Topography
Geology
Materials
Spillway location availability
Derivation
Sediments in the flowing water
Water quality
Expropriation costs
Earthquake possibility
Downstream water rights
ENVIRONMENTAL
IMPACTS OF DAMS
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS of
CONSTRUCTION PHASE of DAMS
River pollution
Erosion
Loss of aesthetic view
Air pollution
Noise pollution
Dust
ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS of
RESERVOIRS
Loss of land
Habitat Destruction :
Change in temperature
Turbidity
Dissolved gases in the water
Eutrophication