A Deeper Look at LTE

Iyappan Ramachandran
Agilent Technologies
May 20, 2010

Cellular Comms Evolution

3GPP collaboration for 3G based on
GSM

LTE
3GPP2 collaboration for 3G based on
IS-95

LTE PHY Basics

Six bandwidths
1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, and 20 MHz

Two modes
FDD and TDD

100 Mbps DL (SISO) and 50 Mbps UL

Transmission technology
OFDM for multipath resistance
DL OFDMA for multiple access in
frequency/time
UL SC-FDMA to deal with PAPR ratio problem

Frame Structure
Frame Structure Type 1 (FDD)

Frame Structure Type 2 (TDD)

Resource grid
One downlink slot, Tslot

6 or 7 OFDM
symbols
Resource
block

Transmission
BW
Resource
element
12
subcarrier
s

l=0

l=6

6 or 7 OFDM
symbols in 1 slot
Subcarrier spacing
= 15 kHz
Block of 12 SCs in 1
slot = 1 RB
0.5 ms x 180 kHz
Smallest unit of
allocation

2-D time and frequency grid

#5
#4
#3
#2
#1
#0

Ti
m

NscRB subcarriers (=12)

1
0. slo
5
m t=
se
c

Power

=
e
am s)
fr x T
io 0
d
0
ra 72 me
1 0 ra
(3 -f
ub
S

10

se

#19
#18
#17
#16

Frequency

NBWDL subcarriers

DL PHY Channels and

Signals

Signals: generated in PHY layers

P-SS: used for initial sync
S-SS: frame boundary determination
RS: pilots for channel estimation and tracking

Channels: carry data from higher layers

PBCH: broadcast cell-specific info

PDCCH: channel allocation and control info
PCFICH: info on size of PDCCH
PHICH: Ack/Nack for UL blocks
PDSCH: Dynamically allocated user data

DL Channel Mapping
P-SCH - Primary Synchronization Signal

PBCH - Physical Broadcast Channel

S-SCH - Secondary Synchronization Signal

PDCCH -Physical Downlink Control Channel
PDSCH - Physical Downlink Shared Channel
16QAM
Reference Signal (Pilot)

64QAM

QPSK

Time
Frequency

DL signal demo (1)

DL 5 MHz FDD signal in AWGN channel

DL signal demo (2)

DL 5 MHz FDD signal in frequency-selective channel

UL PHY Signals and

Channels

Signals: generated in the PHY layer

Demodulation RS : sync and channel
estimation
SRS: Channel quality estimation

Channels: carry data from higher layers

PUSCH: Uplink data
PUCCH: UL control info
PRACH: Random access for connection
establishment

UL Channel Mapping
PUSCH
Demodulation Reference Signal
(for PUSCH)

64QAM
16QAM
QPSK

QPSK
BPSK

PUCCH
Demodulation Reference Signal
(for PUCCH format 0 or 1, Normal CP)

Time

Frequency

UL signal demo
UL 5 MHz FDD signal in AWGN channel

MIMO in LTE
Rel 8 defines MIMO only for DL
1, 2 and 4 transmit antennas defined for
Transmit Diversity (TxDiv)
Spatial Multiplexing (SpMux)

Control channels undergo TxDiv based

on SFBC
Data channels may undergo TxDiv or
SpMux

Orthogonal RS locations
channel matrix needs to be known in
advance for equalization

DL MIMOsignal demo
DL 5 MHz TDD 4x2 MIMO signal in frequency-selective channel

Thank you!

Backup slides

SC-FDMA