Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Overview
About Internship
Introduction
Objective
Literature Survey
Frequency Compensation
Compensation Techniques
Design plan
Results
Layout
Conclusion
References
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About Internship
Company :
SmartPlay, founded in 2008, currently has design centres at
San Jose, San Diego and Austin in the US, and at Bangalore
and Greater Noida in India.
CEO: Pradeep Vajram.
SmartPlay Technologies is an established design services
company with expertise in digital, analog, wireless software
and system design.
It is ranked as second largest VLSI Design service company in
India by Cyber Media Research Ltd.
Number of employees: +1200
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Services
SmartPlay offers a comprehensive range of services across
multiple industry segments:
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Clients
At present, they catered to close to 30 clients in the US,
India Taiwan, Japan, Korea and China.
The main Clients :
Qualcomm
Broadcom
Texas Instrument
Intel
NXP Semiconductor
AMD
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Where I was
Mixed Analog Mode Design
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Task
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Introduction
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Transient Frequency
The expression for a short channel MOSFET transition
frequency (fT) and open-loop gain (gm*ro) are given as
Important!!
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Objective
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Specification
Parameters
Target
Supply voltage
Vin,cm
=1.2V +/-10%
DC gain
> 50dB
UGB
> 1GHz
PM
> 60deg
Settling time
< 3ns
CL
= 1pF
Technology
= 130nm
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Literature survey
Stability of an
opamp
Closed loop
response
Barkhausens Criteria.
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Time-Domain Response of a
System Versus Position of Poles
16
One-Pole System
(one-pole feed forward amplifier)
17
Two-Pole System
When is reduced,
the system becomes
more stable.
Assumption:
does not depend
on frequency.
18
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If =0, s1,2=p1,p2
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If 1, corresponding to an
overdamped system, the two
poles are real and lie in the lefthalf
plane
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Frequency Compensation
(push GX in)
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Miller Theorem
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Types of compensation
techniques
The different types of compensation circuit to remove zero is
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Z=1/Rc*Cc
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Design plan
Let us assume that
Z>=10GBW
For 60deg phase margin we have
Cc>0.22CL
I5=SR*Cc
For M5
For M6
For M3,M4
For M3,M4
For M1,M2
Gain
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Assume
Therefore
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Nulling resistor
Devices
(W/L)1,2
Values
(W/L)um
12/0.4
(W/L)3,4
42/0.8
(W/L)5
18/1
(W/L)6
22/0.16
(W/L)7
23/1
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39
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Simplified Transfer
Function
The transfer function can be
simplified and approximated as:-
Complex Poles
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X
Z=UGB
X
X
Dominat pole
Quick Facts
Complex P2,P3 moved to much
higher frequency
Z=UGB
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Design plan
gm1
<-Noise
Cc
<- UGB
Id1
<-SR=Id1/Cc
(W/L)1,2
P2=2UGB<-For 60deg PM
gm2
<-gm2=4gm1
Id2
<-SR=Id2/CL
(W/L)6
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Current buffer
Devices
(W/L)1,2
Values
(W/L)um
72/0.8
(W/L)3,4
48/0.8
(W/L)5
12/1
(W/L)6
84/0.15
(W/L)7
36/1
(W/L)8 (CG)
12/0.6
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Voltage buffer
Devices
(W/L)1,2
Values
(W/L)um
16/0.8
(W/L)3,4
38/0.8
(W/L)5
16/1
(W/L)6
34/0.15
(W/L)7
26/1
(W/L)8 (VB)
14/0.6
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Results
DC GAIN
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Settling time
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Slew Rate
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Current buffer
Parameter
UGB
Simulated
values
1GHz
DC gain
59.8dB
PM
61.12deg
Cc
0.4pF
Settling time
3.4ns(2%)
Slew Rate
707V/us
Pdiss
2.66mW
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Parameter
UGB
Nulling
resistor
235MHz
DC gain
61dB
PM
60.15deg
Cc
1.2pF
Pdiss
1.94mW
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Parameter
UGB
Voltage
follower
478MHz
DC gain
54dB
PM
60.9deg
Cc
0.7pF
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Comparison
Parameter
UGB
Nulling
resistor
235MHz
Voltage
follower
Current buffer
478.84MHz
1GHz
DC gain
61dB
54.4dB
59.8dB
PM
60.15deg
60.9deg
61.12deg
Cc
1.2pF
700fF
400fF
Pdiss
1.94mW
2.22mW
2.66mW
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Conclusion
The three compensated OTA is compared
with gain, UGB, Power dissipation,PM.
We can observe that Cc of current buffer is
reduced to 0.4pF when compared to Cc of
nulling resistor of 1.2pF.
Current buffer compensated OTA there is
improvement in the gain, UGB, PM and area
requirement is also less compared to nulling
resistor compensated OTA.
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References
[1] X. H. Fan, C. Mishra, and E. Sanchez-Sinencio, "Single miller capacitor frequency
compensation technique for low-power multistage ampliers IEEE Journal of Solid-State
Circuits, vol. 40, no. 3, pp. 584-592, 2005.
[2] P. R. Gray, and R. G. Meyer,, "Analysis and design of analog integrated circuits,"' ,3rd ed.,
New York: Wiley, 1993.
[3] G. Palmisano, and G. Palumbo, "A compensation strategy for two-stage CMOS opamps
based on current buer" IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I-Fundamental Theory
and Applications, vol. 44, no. 3, pp. 257-262, Mar, 1997.
[4] B. K. Ahuja, An Improved Frequency Compensation Technique for CMOS OperationalAmpliers" IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 18, no. 6, pp. 629-633, 1983
[5] K. N. Leung, and P. K. T. Mok,"Analysis of multistage amplier frequency compensation"
IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I-Fundamental Theory and Applications, vol. 48,
no. 9, pp. 1041-1056, Sep, 2001.
[6] H. Lee, and P. K. T. Mok, Active-feedback frequency-compensation technique for low-power
multistage ampliers" IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 38, no. 3, pp. 511-520, 2003.
[7] D.A.Johns and K.Martin, "Analog Integrated Circuit Design", New York: John Wiley and
Sond,Inc.,1997.
[8] A. Pugliese, F. A. Amoroso, G. Cappuccino et al., "Design approach for fastsettling twostage ampliers employing current-buer Miller compensation" Analog Integrated Circuits
and Signal Processing, vol. 59, no. 2, pp. 151-159, 2009.
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[9] H. Mahattanakul, and J. Chutichatuporn, "Design procedure for two- stage CMOS
opamp with exible noise-power balancing scheme" IEEE Transactions on Circuits and
Systems I-Regular Papers, vol. 52, no. 8, pp. 1508-1514, 2005.
[10] R. J. Reay, and G. T. A. Kovacs,, "An Unconditionally Stable 2-Stage CMOS Amplier"
IEEE Journal of Solid-State Circuits, vol. 30, no. 5, pp. 591-594, 1995.
[11] A. Pugliese, F. A. Amoroso, G. Cappuccino et al., "Design approach for fastsettling
two-stage ampliers employing current-buer Miller compensation" Analog Integrated
Circuits and Signal Processing, vol. 59, no.2, pp. 151-159, 2009.
[12] A. Pugliese, F. Amoroso, G. Cappuccino et al., "Settling time optimisation for twostage CMOS ampliers with current-buer Miller compensation" Electronics Letters, vol.
43, no. 23, pp. 1257-1258, 2007.
[13] M. Loikkanen, and J. Kostamovaara, "Improving capacitive drive capability of twostage op amps with current buer" Proceedings of the 2005 European Conference on
Circuit Theory and Design, Vol 1, pp. 99-102,2005.
[14] Mahattanakul, J., "Design Procedure for Two-Stage CMOS Operational Ampliers
Employing Current Buer" IEEE Transaction on Circuits and Systems II- Express Briefs,
vol. 52, no. 11, Nov 2005.
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[15] Saxena, V. and Baker, R. J., "Indirect Compensation Technique for Low Voltage OpAmps" Proceedings of the 3rd Annual Austin Conference on Integrated Systems and
Circuits (ACISC), May 7-9, 2008.[16] Behzad Razavi " Design of analog cmos
integrated circuits" McGrawHill, 2001.
17] Phillip E. Allen and Douglas R. Holberg " CMOS analog circuit Design McGraw-Hill,
2001.
[18] Baker, R.J., "CMOS: Circuit Design, Layout, and Simulation" 2nd Ed.,Wiley Inter
science, 2005.
[19] Dan Clein, "CMOS IC LAYOUT Concepts, Methodologies, and Tool2nd Ed., Wiley
Inter science, 2005.
[20] Alan Hastings, "The Art of Analog Layout (Sencond Edition)" 2007.IEEE Journal of
Solid-State Circuits, vol. SC-14, Issue 6, Dec.1979, pp.1111-1114. 1996.
[21] Pelgrom, M. J. M., Duinmaiger, A. C. J., andWelbers, A. P. G, "Matching Properties of
MOS Transistors" 2007. IEEE J. Solid-State Circuits,Vol. SC-24, Oct. 1989, pp. 14331439.
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THANK YOU
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