NOx ABATEMENT

TECHNOLOGIES

Sources Of NOx Formation

Thermal NOx - thermal fixation of atmospheric N2 in combustion air.
Fuel NOx - conversion of chemically bound N2 in fuel.
Prompt NOx - combustion of hydrocarbon fragments and atmospheric
N2.

Emission Control
Technologies

Change In Type Of Fuel

Use of better grade coal.
Nitrogen
content(%)

India

Indonesia

1.2

1.02

Use of natural gas

India has total 38 billion reserves , which can
last only for 29 yrs.

Continued
Use of bio fuel
s.no.

Emission
type

b100

b20

1.

Total
Unburned
Hydrocarbons

-67%

-20%

2.

Carbon
Monoxide

-48%

-12%

3.

Particulate
Matter

-47%

-12%

4.

NOx

+10%

+2% to
-2%

Exhaust Gas Recycle

Recirculating a portion of
exhaust gas back to engine
cylinders.
Results in lower
combustion chamber
temperature.
Limits the amount of
oxygen in the combustion
chamber.

Continued
Disadvantages
Reduces temperature of combustion chamber.
Increases the production of soot.
Adds abrasive contaminants & increases
engine oil acidity.
Deposition of particulate matter on cylinder
wall and in lubricating oil.
Deterioration and wear of combustion
chamber.

Over Fire Air

Close coupled over fire air
Efficiency (30-50%)

Separate over fire air

Efficiency (40-60%)

Disadvantages
Increase in CO emissions
Changes the temperature distribution in the furnace section

Selective Catalytic Reduction

This method involves selective reduction of NO x over O2 in presence of a catalyst.
Reaction temperature
Low temperature SCR (350-500 C)
Conventional SCR(650-850C)
High temperature SCR(850-1200C)

4NO+4NH3+O24N2+6H2O
6NO2+8NH37N2+12H2O

Disadvantages
Emission of unreacted NH3.
Emission of N2O may result at high
temperatures due to NH3 oxidation.
2NH3+2O2N2O+3H2O
SO2 may be oxidised to SO3,which reacts with
ammonia to form salt.
Catalyst may also be deactivated.

Selective Non Catalytic Reduction

In the SNCR process flue gas is reduced to N2 by reaction
with NH3 or urea (CO(NH2)2)at a high temperature (15002100C).
H2NCONH2 + 2NO + 1/2O22N2+CO2+H2O

Advantages Of SNCR
It is a cost-effective method for control of NO x
emissions.
SNCR is easy to retrofit and requires little
capital cost.
It is especially suited to developing countries.

Disadvantages

NH3 slip
Formation of NH4HSO4 which may corrode or
plug equipment.
Significant CO emissions may result from
urea-based systems.

Other Less Popular Methods

Humid Air Method
Water Injection and Water emulsion
High Scavenge Pressure and Compression
Ratio
Addition of additives

References
www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S026974919880099
7
www.rff.org/rff/Documents/RFF-DP-08-02.pdf
www.mpr.com/uploads/news/nox-reduction-coal-fired.pdf
www.irjes.com/Papers/vol2-issue6/Version-1/D02063141.pd

Thank you