Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Effects of wastes
What is waste?
Waste is a product that is no longer suited
for its original use
May be worn out, a by product, unwanted
Waste is also usable material for some one
else than the original user or owner
By product one user some times becomes
the raw material for production of another
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Classification of wastes
There are 2 categories-hazardous and nonhazardous
Special kinds of hazardous wastes include
municipal waste, medical waste, chemical
waste, electronic waste, electrical waste etc.
Depending upon the nature the treatment
differs
Unless treated properly they cause damages to
the environment.
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Illegal dumping
Laws should be made to control illegal
dumping
Proper treatment will minimise or control
pollution of the waste materials
Treatment is to be cost effective
Concept of sustainable development plays
an important role in controlling the wastes.
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
International Awareness
contd.
At the Rio Conference,1992Agenda 21
adopted--- Action contemplated globally for
environmental protection 178 Governments
adopted the agenda
Waste is one of the subjects and priorities for
action
Global concern for environmentally managing
the toxic chemicals including the prevention of
illegal and international traffic of toxic and
dangerous products and materials.
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Contd
Through technical innovation the generation of
waste can be reduced the concept of SOP
instead of EOP
Reduction of waste may initially cause large
sum capital expenditure, but in the long run
may be cost effective in terms of environmental
expenditure
The initial cost may be for capital expenditure
or for raw material cost
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Contd
Units having clean environment and with
reduced wastes will have an upper hand in
matters of contracting etc.
Normally during contracting units having
ISO 14001 certificate gets preference as all
are concerned about the environment.
Even the industries want to show that they
comply with environmental regulations
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Auditing waste
Environmental problems
Odor, littering, unsightliness
Odor unpleasant smell that creates irritation
and health problems
Road side wastes unless handled properly
emit bad smell
They have to be removed
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Land fills
Land fills are places where wastes are
stored for safe and timely destruction or
treatment of wastes
Littering from waste can create secondary
environmental problems such as blocking of
pipes and pumps
Drainage problems
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Contd..
Landfills are procedures for treating the
hazardous wastes in a scientific manner
Hazardous wastes have to be segregated,
tagged and safely transported to a safe place
for land filling
Land fills are properly arranged places for
storing and disposing the hazardous wastes
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Contd
Land fills are protected so that animals or
human beings do not get the effect of the
hazardous material stored.
The land fills are scientifically designed and
the storing is also done scientifically
The hazardous material is incinerated
Soil
Dust, leachate water, pesticides cause
contamination of soil
Heavy metals create health problems if
dumped in the soil without treating
It can affect the human being, flora fauna
Organic pollutants affect the food chain if
left in the soil
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Contd
Some who keep the hazardous wastes under
the soil without proper treatment actually
damage the environment
The effect gets mixed with the ground water
and the ground water when used for
drinking or other domestic purposes spoil
the health and transmit the hazardous wastes
in to the water system
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Transportation
Transportation In special vehicles
Protected so that the vehicles do not create
any further problems
Special procedures for loading
Special procedures for unloading
Special procedures for cleaning the vehicles
Special procedures for segregating/tagging
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Waste handling--Control
Avoid
This is through improved technology where
no waste is produced
Cost effective methods to be used
This is an ideal situation
Not always possible
Certain specific process only is included in
this
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Minimise
Recover --recycle
Recycle--Incineration
Wastes are burned down
Egs: production of hot water, steam or
electricity form such burning
Use directly as fuel
Gasification produce gas that can be used
to produce hot water etc.
Methods
Thermal destruction
Chemical treatment
Commonly used for inorganic waste
Thermal destruction for organic waste
Commonly applied to inseparable
solutions paints mixed with solvents etc.
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Neutralization
Commonly used on corrosivesacids and
alkalis
By adding together they react and salt and
water are produced
The residue can be useful
the effect is reduced
Stabilization
Land filling
Disposal of waste land filling
Methods sanitary land fills, controlled
dump, and uncontrolled dump
Covering the land fills
Incineration
Fencing the land fills to prevent access of
the land fills and to avoid contamination
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Data availability
Whether adequate data is available on the
existence of various types of wastes
Whether categorization into, hazardous,
non-hazardous, municipal, hospital wastes
etc are available.
Whether the information is accessible by
the concerned or the same is disseminated
to all concerned.
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Funding
Whether the concerned have been provided
with adequate funds
Lack of funds hamper waste management
projects/programmes at the implementation
level
Whether the key players are identified
such as governments, NGOs, other
authorities, Pollution Control boards
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Co-ordination
At project level and planning level required
co-ordination is there or not
All levels of consultation and problem
solving mechanism working or not?
Regular meetings of the concerned
ministries, other authorities such as PCBs
are taking place or not?
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Risk assessment
Whether the Govt. is fully aware of the risk
involved
National plan for addressing the risk issue
Analyse the plan and assess the adequacy of
addressing the national policy and
international accords on wastes
Check the adequacy of legislation to take care
of the environmental issues arising out of the
waste management problems
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Goal achievement
Assess the adequacy of the goals set for the waste
management by the executive
Assess its achievement and any deficiency to be
commented
See the targets for different types of management
water, air, solid and hazardous
Compare with the actual and comment on the deficiency
See the working of the regulators and their roles
Types of audits
Regularity and performance
Performance audits of major programmes and
projects
Criteria for audits--- Project reports, plans and
mile stones
See the implementation of the programmes and
projects are undertaken : economically
efficiently and effectively
All targets are met
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Time frame
The projects are undertaken on time frame
basis
There was no delay
There was no nugatory and wasteful
expenditure
The target population has received the
benefits
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Monitoring
Regulatory authorities are empowered to
handle the environmental issues
In India Central pollution Control Board
and State Pollution Control Boards play a
major role in controlling the waste
management
They measure the effects of various wastes
and their impacts on the environment
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Contd..
They implement the legislative frame work of
the country
In India under the EPA Act, 1986
Manufacture, Storage and Import of
Hazardous chemicals Rules, 1989 were framed
to control the impact of hazardous chemical
wastes.
The regulators implement various provisions of
the rules
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Auditing contd..
SAI to see:
That the legislative guidelines are complied
That the regulators are aware of the
existence of various wastes management
issues
They check the impact and take measures to
avoid or abate pollution
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Contd..
Wastes are identified and proper handling
systems are in place
In case of default by any unit preventive
measures are taken to contain the impact of
the effect
Hazardous wastes are treated properly
before disposal etc.
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S
Thanks
RTI MUMBAI/DAY 3/S