LE CORBUSIER

LIFE AND
PHILOSOP
HY

SUBMITTED BY :
MUNISH (9025)
NEHA(9026)
NEHA
RANA(9027)

CORBUSIERS LIFE

Le Corbusier is one of the architect maestro to the modern architecture.

He tends to contribute in community live improvement to provide better living
conditions.
He was also an urban planner, painter, sculptor, writer, and modern furniture
designer.
Le Corbusier expanded and reformulated his ideas on urbanism. Le Corbusier
was also a visionary. He believed that architecture had lost its way.
He was a pioneer in theoretical studies of modern design.
Le Corbusier was born in Switzerland in 1887.
Trained as an artist, he travelled extensively through Germany and the East.
In Paris he studied under Auguste Perret and absorbed the cultural and
artistic life of the city.
During this period he developed a keen interest in the synthesis of the
various arts.
His invention of :the golden section ratio in modulor system was widely
used for the scale of architectural proportion.

Le Corbusier
Personal information:

Nationality
Swiss / French
Born
October 6, 1887
La Chaux-de-Fonds Switzerland
Died
August 27, 1965 (aged77)
France
Worked as:
architect
designer
urbanist
writer
painter
His buildings constructed throughout central
and one each in North and South America.

# Le corbusior
real
name
was CharlesEdouard
jeanneret-Gris.
He invented his
name like
everything else
he invented #

Europe, India, Russia,

GOLDEN RATIO

THE GOLDEN SECTION IS A LINE

SEGMENT DIVIDED ACCORDING
TO THE GOLDEN RATIO: THE
TOTAL LENGTH A + B IS TO THE
LENGTH OF THE LONGER
SEGMENT A AS THE LENGTH OF A
IS TO THE LENGTH OF THE
SHORTER SEGMENT B.
CONSTRUCTION OF A
GOLDEN RECTANGLE:
1. CONSTRUCT A UNIT SQUARE
(RED).
2. DRAW A LINE FROM THE
MIDPOINT OF ONE SIDE TO AN
OPPOSITE CORNER.
3. USE THAT LINE AS THE RADIUS
TO DRAW AN ARC THAT DEFINES
THE LONG DIMENSION OF THE
RECTANGLE

Pocket watch

He noticed the outline of a beautiful

shapes that stay with him forever
and reappered years laters in his
building forms
Bee on petals
At 15 jeanneret won the diploma of
honor at Turin-an international
price-with a design for a pocket
watch. It was astonishing piece of
work.
The engraving on the back was a
study in balance between the
forms of nature,displayed by a bee
on some petals of flowers. And man
is displayed by cubist pattern of
interlocking rectangular shapes. It
Man in cubist
suggest that the interest in the pattern

Ear sculpture

In 1948 he began working on the

sculptures in polychrome(form of
clay). The theme was ears, and
this suggest the sounds and
acoustics which so absorbed him.
A tension in muscles of the neck
stressed the concentration
exerted by the act of listening, as
though distant sounds of sea in a
shell.
The ear is in the shape of the
question mark . Two ears listened
in the opposite directions. The
second ear shaped like a
marrowbone . Complete sculpture
suggests the complete head.

Question
mark

Ear

neck

IDEAS;
FIVE POINTS OF ARCHITECTURE

THE PILOTIS
ROOF GARDEN
FREE FLOOR PLAN
ELONGATED WINDOW
FREE FACADE

THE PILOTIS

PILOTIS MEANS COLUMNS

IT HELPED TO REDEFINE THE HOUSE
AS A MATTER OF FORM AND
FUNCTION
REINFORCED CONCRETE GAVE US
THE PILOTIS
IT RAISED THE BUILDING IN THE AIR,
FAR FROM THE SOIL, WITH GARDENS
STRETCHING BENEATH THE
BUILDING
FOR E.G VILLA SAVOYE,POISSY IN
FRANCE IN 1929
PILOTIS USUALLY SERVED AS AN
ELEMENT OF DRAMATIZATION AND
VISUAL ISOLATION

PILOTIS

THE ROOF GARDEN

USUALLY KNOWN AS HANGING

GARDEN
FIRST REALIZATION OF THIS IDEA
WAS IN THE SMALL HOUSE THAT
THE ARCHITECT BUILT FOR HIS
PARENTS ON LAKE GENEVA IN
1923 IS DESCRIBED IN A HYMNAL
TONE
REINFORCED CONCRETE MADE
THE STRUCTURALLY
HOMOGENOUS ROOF POSSIBLE
REASON OF TECHNIQUE,
ECONOMY AND COMFORT LEAD
TO THE ADOPTION OF THE ROOF
TERRACE AND THE ROOF
GARDEN
THE ROOF GARDEN OFTEN
EQUIPPED FOR SPORTS,
EMULATES THE CONDITION OF
NATURE IN HUMAN HABITAT

ROOF GARDEN

THE FLOOR PLAN

REINFORCED CONCRETE BROUGHT

THE INNOVATION OF THE FREE PLAN IN
WHICH THE INTERIORS WERE NO
LONGER
THE RIGIDLY DETERMINED BY THE
STRUCTURAL WALLS , THEY HAD
BECOME FREE
IN PARIS, THE PRINCIPLE HAD BEEN
BEAUTIFULLY DEMONSTRATED BY
PERRETS APARTMENT HOUSE.
HE USED SLIDING WALLS THAT
DIVIDED THE LIVING ROOM INTO
THREE BEDROOMS AT NIGHT

Sliding wall for

partition

THE ELONGATED WINDOW

LE CORBUSIERS
OBSESSION WITH THE
FORM OF THE FACADE
LONG WINDOWS THAT IS
TOTALLY INDEPENDENY
OF STRUCTURE
ITS NO SURPRISE THAT
THE ARCHITECT ONCE
AGAIN PRODUCED A
SCIENTIFIC
DEMONSTRATION IN
ORDER TO PROVE THE
SUPERIORITY OF THE
NEW WINDOW TYPE.

ELONGATED WINDOW

THE FREE FACADE

PILLARS RETREATED FROM

THE FACADE TO THE INSIDE OF
THE HOUSE I.E THE FACADE
BECAME NO MORE THAN
LIGHT MEMBRANE
CONSIST OF ISOLATING EALLS
OR WINDOWS
FACADE WAS NOW FREE AND
THE WINDOWS COULD
EXTEND WITHOUT
INTERRUPTION FRON ONE END
TO THE OTHER

FREE FACADE

THE MODULAR

THE MODULAR WAS A SYSTEM OF

PROPORTIONINGWORKED OUT BY
LE
CORBUSIERESSENTIALLY THE
MODULAR IS A
SERIES OF PROPORTIONS
NOT UNLIKE THE
GOLDEN SECTION USED BY
ANCIENT GREEKS.
BASED ON THE MEASUREMENTS OF A
SIXFOOT MAN IN VARIOUS POSITIONS,
STANDING
SITTING, LYING DOWN ETC.

,
TWO

SERIES OF MEASUREMENTS
WERE
DEVELOPED,
THE ONE
DERIVED FROM A STANDING FIGURE, THE
OTHER FROM A FIGURE WITH AN ARM
UPRAISED.

THE MODULAR WAS BOTH A MODULE OF MEASUREMENT

AND OF SCALE;IN ADDITION IT PROVIDES A MEANS OF
RELATING MEASUREMENTS IN FEETAND INCHES TO THOSE
OF THE METRIC SYSTEM.
THE MODULAR , LE CORBUSIER WROTE, IS A
MEASURING TOOL BASED ON THE HUMAN BODY AND
ON MATHEMATICS. A MAN WITH AN ARM UPRAISED
PROVIDES, AT THE DETERMINING POINTS OF HIS
OCCUPATION OF SPACE- FOOT, SOLAR PLEXUS, HEAD, TIPS
OF FINGERS OF THE UPRAISED ARM- THREE INTERVALS
WHICH GIVE RISE TO A SERIES OF GOLDEN SECTIONS
CALLED THE FIBNACCI SERIES.

PHILOSOPHY

Form and Function : 'Beauty is

not attained by means of
additions and complicated
arrangement, but by balance,
volume, form, material and
practically

Le Corbusier, as a Modernist architect and designer, had always

supported the ideals of simple and honest design.
Decorative arts, for Le Corbusier, should be separated from the tools.
Le Corbusier, being the most prominent figure of the modernist, was
inspired by a new machine aesthetic and stripped away unnecessary
ornament from design, interior and other related fields.
He was inspired by the ideals of rationalization and standardization.
He declared that "a house is a machine for living in." Works from the
1920s such as the Villa Savoye at Poissy, France (1929 Ventilation,
sound insulation, sun-traps in winter, and sun shields (brises-soleil) in
summer were all a part of this precision and of Le Corbusier's ideals for

MATERIALS

Le Corbusier claims, choose materials

by considering their strength,
lightness, economy and durability.
Use of natural materials in a rough
state appeared in his rural dwellings
and then coupled with technology in
his urban works.
Colour is not intended to describe but
to evoke; states Le Corbusier. He used
Aalto colour multi pigment paint.
Le Corbusier used R.C.C for various
constructions. He believed that any
shape and form was possible, if R.C.C
to be used.
Metal base

Multi
pigment
colour

r.c.c

Early career: the villas, 1914

Concrete
1930:slabs (9)

In 1908, He studied
architecture in vinnea.
He worked on theoretical
architectural studies using
modern techniques.

"Dom-ino" House (19141915).

This model proposed an open
floor plan consisting of
concrete slabs
Slabs were supported by a
minimal number of thin,
reinforced concrete columns
around the edges,
Eadges with a stairway
providing access to each level
on one side of the floor plan.

Eadges
with
stairway

Thin rcc
columns
This design became the
foundation for most of his
architecture for the next ten
years.

He believed that his new, modern

architectural forms would provide a new
organizational solution that would raise the
quality of life for the lower classes.

His Immeubles Villas (1922) was such a

project
It is called large blocks of cell.
like individual apartments stacked one on
top of the other.
plans that included a living room, bedrooms
and kitchen, as well as a garden terrace.

Roof gardening
Level breaker
Cantilever balcony
Elongated window

Use of sun breakers:Use of ordinary

brick
Sunbreakers

Drainage pipe

Defused light
Due to sun
breakers/provide
cool atmosphere .

THE CONCRETE CEILING:THE

CONCRETE
CEILING WERE
LEFT ROUGH.

THE WALLS
WERE
WHITE
WASHED

VILLA SAVOYE
His most famous design was the Villa Savoye (1929-1931), a private house just
outside of Paris. Its a clean, white edifice with horizontal windows. Its raised from
the ground on piloti . The exterior is coated in white stucco. Le Corbusier once said
that by law, all buildings should be painted white.
Le Corbusier developed what he called the Five Points of Architecture. The five
points were:
Piloti
The roof garden
The free plan
Long windows
The free faade
The Villa Savoye embodies these five points. First of all, you have the pilotti, which
raise the building above the ground and give a sense of weightlessness. The piloti
are made of reinforced concrete. That allowed Le Corbusier to develop what he
called the free faade. Because the walls are non-loadbearing, he was able to
include these continuous ribbon windows, which were a key motif of Modernism.
Finally, he created a roof terrace. A wall of sliding glass opens onto the courtyard.
This house has a ramp instead of stairs, which maintains the sense of a freeflowing space.
He based the garage and drive way on the turning radius. This demonstrates the
influence of the machine aesthetic.

view

plan

The ville contemporaine

TheVille Contemporainewas an unrealised project to

house three million inhabitants designed by architect
Le Corbusierin 1922.
The centerpiece of this plan was a group of sixty-story
cruciform skyscrapers built on steel frames.encased in curtain
walls of glass.
The skyscrapers housed both offices and the flats of the most
wealthy inhabitants.
These skyscrapers were set within large, rectangular park-like
green spaces.

At the center of the planned city was a transportation

center which housed depots for buses and trains as well as
highway intersections and at the top, an airport.
Le Corbusier segregated the pedestrian circulation paths
from the roadways,
smaller multi-story zigzag blocks set in green space and
set far back .

Green space

60 story 600
24 skyscrapers

Transportation centre

Cantilever
balconies

built on steel
frames.encased
in curtain walls
of glass.

CHANDIGARH
by
le corbusier

SINCE PUNJAB HAS DIVIDED

INTO TWO PARTS, THE CAPITAL
WAS LEFT IN PAKISTAN .
THERE FORE PUNJAB IN INDIA
REQUIRED NEW CAPITAL
LE CORBUSIER WAS APPROACHED
BY PUNJAB GOVERNMENT AND
THE PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA

THREE DISCIPLINES
THE DISCIPLINE OF MONEY:

IN WORKING UP HIS DESIGNS,LE CORBUISER CONSULTED THE PROGRAM

FOR EACH BUILDING AS GIVEN IN THE BUDGET AND THEN PREPARED THE
INITIAL PROJECT.

THE DISCIPLINE OF TECHNOLOGY:

AVAILABLE IN QUANTITY,HOWEVER,WAS GOOD CLAY STONE AND

SAND,AND,ABOVE ALLHUMAN LABOUR.
THE MATERIALS OF WHICH CHANDIGARH HAS BEEN CONSTRUCTED ARE
ROUGH CONCRETE IN THE CAPITOL COMPLEX AND THE CENTRAL
BUSINESS DISTRICT AND FOR MOST OF THE CITY,ESPECIALLY IN
HOUSING,LOCALLY PRODUCED BRICK.

THE DISCIPLINE OF CLIMATE:

BESIDES THE ADMINISTRATIVE AND FINANCIAL REGULATONS THERE WAS

A LAW OF THE SUN IN INDIA.
THE ARCHITECTURAL PROBLEM CONSISTS; FIRST TO MAKE SHADE,
SECOND TO MAKE A CURRENT OF AIR[TO VENTILATE],THIRD TO CONTROL
HYDRAULICS.

Sun rays

House
east

shadow

MASTER PLAN BY
CORBUSIER

IN 1951 IT WAS GIVEN TO LE CORBUSIER

IN CHANDIGARH LE CORBUSIER SYTEM OF SELF SUPPORTING
NEIGHBORHOOD UNIT KNOWN AS A SECTOR HAS WORKED
VERY WELL.
The sectors were to act as self-sufficient
neighbourhoods, each with its own market, places
of worship, schools and colleges - all within 10
minutes walking distance from within the sector.
GRID PLANNING IS DONE
CHANDIGARH PLANNING WAS DONE IN AN MANNER THAT
EVERYTHING WAS EASILY CLEAR ABOUT THE ROUTES AND
SECTORS
7 VS ROAD SYSTEM IS USED.
THE ROADS ARE CLASSIFIED AS V1 ,V2 ,V3V7
V1 CONNECTS CHANDIGARH TO OTHER CITIES

PLAN OF THE CITY

SUKHNA DAM

V2 MADHYA MARG
CITY CENTRE
LEISURE VALLEY
V1
RED VEHICULAR
ROADS
V2
YELLOW
PEDEASTRIAN PATHS

V2 ARE THE MAJOR AVENUES OF THE CITY E.G

MADHYA MARG ETC
V3 ARE THE CORRIDORS STREETS FOR
VEHICULAR TRAFFIC ONLY
V4..V7 ARE THE ROADS WITHIN THE SECTORS
CHANDI GARH HAS BEEN PLANNED ON THE
SCIENTIFIC PRINCIPLES AND TO APPRISE THE
COMING GENERATION OF THESE PRINCIPLES
THE MAIN FEATURE OF THIS EDICT ARE ITSHUMAN SCALE
SELF SUFFICIENT SECTORS
ROADS SYSTEM
AREAS OF SPECIAL INTEREST
ARCHITECTURAL CONTROL

CITY PLAN AND SECTOR PLAN

FOUR JUNCTION

V 5 ROAD
FORMING A LOOP
V4 DIVIDING THE
SECTOR
SCHOOL
HEALTH CENTRE

He original two phases of the plan delineated

sectors from 1 to 47, with the exception of 13
(Number 13 is considered unlucky). The
Assembly, the secretariat and the high court,
all located in Sector-1.
Le Corbusier took responsibility for the
overall master plan of the city, and the design
of some of the major public buildings
including the High Court, Assembly,
Secretariat, the Museum and Art Gallery,
School of Art and the Lake Club.

Symmetry
in plannning

Office towers
THE MAIN FEATURE OF THIS EDICT
ARE ITSTransport
HUMAN SCALE
center
SELF SUFFICIENT SECTORS
ROADS SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURAL CONTROL

THANK YOU