Professional Documents
Culture Documents
AND
SUBSTATIONS
BY
Classification
of
circuit
Breaker
and
isolators,
Terminology Circuit Breakers, Arcs, SF6 Switchgear & Circuit
Breakers, Air Blast Circuit Breakers, oil Circuit Breaker, Special
Purpose Circuit Breakers & Isolators, D.C Circuit Breakers,
Breakers requirement, Testing, Switchgear Testing, Synthetic Testing,
Substation Layout and Design,
BOOKS
1.
"Advances in H.V insulation and Arc
interruption'in SF6 and Vacuum",
By V.N. Maller & M.S Naidu.
2.
3.
Contents
1.
Introduction
Circuit Breakers, Switching Isolators,
Isolator or Disconnectors
2. Terminology:
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
m.
Contents
Service Voltage
Recovery Voltage
Restriking Voltage (TRV)
Interruption with Restrikes
Prospective Current
Prospective Breaking Current
Breaking Capacity
Symmetrical Breaking Capacity
Asymmetrical Breaking Capacity
Making Current
Arcing Duration
Make Time
Operating Duty "Prof Dr. Suhail Aftab Qureshi"
Contents
2.
Terminology:
n.
o.
p.
q.
r.
s.
t.
u.
3.
a.
b.
c.
d.
e.
f.
g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Contents
Circuit Breaker Arcs
Plasma and Thermal Ionisation (Substance i.e.
solid liquid, Gas, Plasma)
Ionisation Due to collision of Electrons
Deionization
Properties of the Arc
Striking the Arc
External Characteristics of the Arc
Arc stability.
Dynamic Arc characteristics
The A.C Arc
General Mathematical Arc Model
The Mayr Arc equation
The Cassie Arc equation
"Prof Dr. Suhail Aftab Qureshi"
Contents
3.
Contents
4. SF6 Switchgear
a. Arc Interruption is SF6
al .
a2.
a3.
a4.
a5.
Nozzle Design
Arc Extinction Parameters.
Throat Blocking)
Contents
4.
SF6 Switchgear
b.
c.
Switching Isolators.
Current Transformers
"Prof Dr. Suhail Aftab Qureshi"
10
Contents
Arc extension
Pressurised Head- Atmospheric Head, Air
Blast C.B
b1. Constructions.
b11.
b12.
b13.
Auxiliary Chambers.
Tripping/Closing resistors.
Auxiliary Equipment.
"Prof Dr. Suhail Aftab Qureshi"
11
Contents
General
Bulk-Oil circuit Breakers.
Minimum Oil Circuit Breaker.
12
Contents
8. D.C Circuit Breakers.
a.
d.
Current Interruption
Recovery voltage withstand.
Recovery voltages calculation by current Injection
Techniques
c1.
Current injection sequence.
c2.
Examples of current Injection
Arc theory in short-line fault calculations
"Prof Dr. Suhail Aftab Qureshi"
13
Contents
b.
14
Contents
c2.
c3.
c4.
Asynchronous switching
Close loop switching
Transformer magnetisting current
switching
c5.
15
Contents
Mechanical
d2.
d3.
d4.
Climatic Conditions
Geographical Conditions
Thermal
16
Contents
e. Testing Equipment
e1.
e2.
Part testing
e2.1
e2.2
17
Contents
f2.
f3.
f4.
Skeats Circuit
Parallel Injection test circuit
Series Injection test circuit
18
Contents
b1.
b2.
b3.
b4.
b5.
b6.
System security
Flexibility of operation
Maintenance Facilities
Protection Facilities
Site-area & location
Cost
"Prof Dr. Suhail Aftab Qureshi"
19
Contents
12.
c. Busbar Configuration
c1. Single busbar
c2. Duplicate Busbar
c3. Duplicate Back to Back
c4. Transfer Busbar
c5. 1&1/2 Circuit Breaker Arrangement
c6. Mesh Arrangement
c7. By Pass Facilities.
c8. Location of current transformers
c9. Indoor or Outdoor substation
c10. Segregation
e11. Phase-segregated & Insulated phase Busbar.
"Prof Dr. Suhail Aftab Qureshi"
20
Contents
12.
d. Substation Earthing.
d1. Earth Resistivity
d2. Design of earth meshes.
21