Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc ng trn tp ch

quc t (1)
(Biotechnology, Nuclear Science)

Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng
ting Anh

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t

mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc

tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative

specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research

problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin

cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to

achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng

m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and

practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1: Biotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu As an island, Taiwan has abundant seafood available for
consumption. Of particular concern is Vibrio paraemolyticus, an epidemic pathogen commonly
found in seafood. This pathogen can cause sitotoxism, a disease with an incidence rate in
Taiwan that is the highest worldwide. Often a result of insufficiently cooked seafood, sitotoxism
is especially prevalent from May to August, when a large amount of seafood is consumed
islandwide.
Vn nghin cu As the conventional means of identifying Vibrio paraemolyticus, serotyping
is expensive, tedious, and time consuming. Various molecular subtyping methods are also
applied to identify an appropriate means of differentiating Vibrio paraemolyticus isolates from
other serotypes. However, whether molecular subtyping methods provide a more rapid and
sensitive alternative for differentiating among Vibrio paraemolyticus strains is unknown.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, serotyping requires
seven days before supplying reliable results and, in doing so, is relatively inefficient, thus
necessitating the need for a viable alternative.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to develop a more reliable and efficient
means of identifying Vibrio paraemolyticus will lead to an increasingly higher incidence rate of
sitotoxism in Taiwan.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a rapid
molecular identification method using the high specific gene of tdh gene in
bacteria chromosome to detect a major target.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, tdh gene can be
detected by polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Exactly how V. paraemolyticus
and antibiotics are related can then be determined using a drug sensitivity test.
Next, using this same test, whether bacteria are drug resistant or drug sensitive
can be determined as well. Additionally, the Vibrio paraemolyticus epidemic
phenomenon in the surrounding environment can be more thoroughly
understood using pulsed field gel electrophoresis.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the proposed molecular identification method
can detect the presence of Vibrio paraemolyticus in the environment in only a
few hours. Additionally, the pulsed field gel electrophoresis results can provide
further insight into the molecular epidemic phenomenon in the surrounding
environment.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Importantly, the proposed
method can provide rapid and accurate molecular biology results to detect
Vibrio paraemolyticus in the environment.

V d 2: Nuclear Science
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu As is well known, ionizing

irradiation causes material damage. The range/number of radiation

effects in solids depends on both the crystal structure and the type
of ionizing irradiation. Additionally, the energy and dosage of
irradiation essentially affect radiation processes. Ionizing irradiation
excites both electronic and ionic subsystems of crystals. Relaxation
processes occur after excitation, forming defects. Defects impair
the solids, extensively stimulating material damage.

Vn nghin cu However, the radiation-stimulated ordering

effect (RSOE) is found in various materials. At least two

competitive processes are observed in crystals and
semiconductors under ionizing irradiation 1) generation of
radiation defects and 2) radiation-stimulated annihilation of defects.

V d 2 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For

instance, on a specific stage, the annihilation of irradiation defects can

dominate the generation of defects, enhancing the structure. This
stage is referred to as RSOE. Therefore, low-dose irradiation could
serve as an effective method for increasing the reliability of
semiconductors and the stability of parameters in the final stage of
manufacturing. This fact substantially increases economical efficiency.

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu Nevertheless, the

RSOE mechanisms in II-VI semiconductors remain unknown, making

it impossible to implement process applications capable of increasing
the efficiency of barrier structures. Although the application of RSOE
could markedly increase product output in microelectronics, the
generalization and analysis of RSOE remain an obstacle to further
development.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should
investigate the RSOE in II-VI semiconductors and construct
a related model.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do
so, voltage-current characteristics (VIC), voltage-capacity
characteristics (VCC) and capacity-modulated spectra for
barrier structures can be measured at various irradiation
doses, providing the preliminary experimental data. Based
on that data, the control parameters can then be derived.
Following Hall experiments to consider bulk effects, the
parametric changes can be analyzed and synthesized.

V d 2 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, low-dose radiation processes can be
clarified in solids, improving the parameters of structures based on II-VI
semiconductors. The proposed work can also elucidate low-dose
radiation processes in II-VI semiconductors. Thus, applying this model
to barrier structure manufacturing can allow us to accurately predict the
irradiation conditions to enhance the parameters of structures based on
II-VI semiconductors. The range of objects in which the RSOE is
observed can be expanded. II-VI and other (Si, III-V) semiconductors
can also be compared in terms of the RSOE mechanisms. Analysis of
RSOE in II-VI reveals the peculiarities of related objects.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin In contrast with III-V
semiconductors, for which the properties of pure crystals can be
determined by impurities in II-VI semiconductors, the lattice
stoichiometric defects prevail. Naturally, RSOE can be explained by
the reconstruction of defect centers. Importantly, the proposed model
can consider the effect of the radiation-stimulated diffusion (RSD) of
point defects.

V d 3: Biotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Acuolvirus expression system has been
extensively adopted in protein expression in recent years.
Vn nghin cu However, the conventionally adopted procaryote
expression system fails to compare posttranslational modification with the
baculovirus expression system.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu Posttranslational
modification of the baculovirus expression system is better than that of the
procaryote expression system. While producing proteins such as those found
in humans, this baculovirus expression system requires less time than the
mammalian expression system does.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to use the
baculovirus expression system to produce proteins requires use of the
mammalian expression system to produce human proteins, which is
inefficient and expensive.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, by using the baculovirus expression
system, we should attempt to achieve expression of the trypsin inhibitor and, in
doing so, use this protein to inhibit cancer. Posttranslational modification of the
baculovirus expression system is better than that of the procaryote expression
system, especially in terms of the protein quality because it closely resembles that
of humans.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, a trypsin inhibitor can
be produced using a baculovirus expression system. Effectiveness of the trypsin
inhibitor can then be confirmed by western blotting. Next, a cancer cell can be
terminated via the trypsin inhibitor.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, the baculovirus expression system can be used
as an expression trypsin inhibitor to promote anticancer activities.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Results of this study can provide
valuable insight into how the baculovirus expression system can be used to achieve
the expression protein, given that this protein closely resembles that found in
humans. The baculovirus expression system more closely resembles a human
protein than the procaryote expression system does. In practice, although this
expression may not be better than mammalian expression, the baculavirus
expression system requires a shorter time.

V d 4: Biotechnology
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu As a disease commonly spread
through sexual transmission, syphilis also occurs through blood
transfusions, exchange of body fluids or through a mothers placenta to
the fetus. Treponema pallidum is the most causitive gent of syphilis.
Vn nghin cu A typical diagnosis method involves preliminary
screening nontreponemal tests, e.g., venereal disease research
laboratory (VDRL) and rapid plasma reagin (RPR) tests. As the basic
syphyilis screen order, VDRL and RPR tests use a patients serum for
testing. A situation in which a patient has monocyte infection or malaria
infection can often interfere with the test results, not only yielding a
probability of false positive of around 20% but also causing a high
degree of non-specificity. Another typical diagnosis method involves
performing a confirmation test, commonly refered to as treponemal
tests, which include Treponema pallidum hacmagglutination (TPHA) and
Flourescent Treponemal Antibody Absorption (FTA-ABS). However,
these methods are expensive and inefficient.

V d 4 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu
For instance, conventional determination methods easily
miss a patients latent phase and have a poor diagnosis
accuracy of only around 80% during examination.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to
resolve the limitations of conventional methods, i.e. the
high non-specificity, expensiveness and inefficiency of
VDRL, RPR, TPHA and FTA-ABS, will require not only
more personnel to diagnose a disease during a laboratory
examination, but also a higher cost per examination.
Moreover, a disease in patients in the latent phase is
difficult to detect and will likely spread.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should develop a syphilis diagnostic kit,
capable of detecting in only one step the anti-treponema specific antibodies in a patients
serum or plasma binding to the antigen.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, the serum samples of
syphilis patients can be analyzed. An experiment involving the syphilis diagnostic kit can
then be performed with the Treponema pallidum antigen, TpN 15, TpN17 and TpN 47.
Next, the gene recombinant method can be adopted to produce traponemal antigens.
Additionally, the fusion protein can be used to achiee protein expression in the E.coli
expression system. Moreover, a syphilis recombinant system can be established
usingrecombinant technology.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that a fusion protein can
be formed using TpN 15, TpN 17 and TpN 47. That protein can then be used by gene
recombinant technology to achieve procreation on a large scale. Hopefully, product
procreation on a large scale can elevate the sensitivity of detecting syphilis disease to
within an accuracy of 100%.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin With a high degree of accuracy and
specificity, the proposed syphilis diagnostic kit can be applied for use in genetic
engineering, protein construction and reagent key technology. Moreover, the diagnostic
kit is highly promising for commercialization if the reagent can be developed successfully,
thus reducing the diagnostic time while increasing its accuracy significantly.

Ti liu tham kho

Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw