TIU LUN

TI
HAMTHC
PHN
S DNG
BI TP VTC
CHUN KT TA

GING VIN HNG DN

HC VIN THC HIN

L TH THANH NGN (HA

PGS.TS. NGUYN NH LUYN
PHN TCH)
HONG KIM HUY (HA V C)
PHM TH THU THO(HA V
Nin kho: 2014- 2016
C)

Chun l mt trong cc phng php phn

M
U
tch nh lng ni
chung
v phng php phn
tch th tch ni ring, n nhm xc nh hm
lng ca mt cht trong h m n tn ti (h
dung dch, h hn hp rn, lng) hoc xc nh
tnh cht vt l ca mt phn t. Cng vi s
pht trin ca ngnh l thuyt nghin cu v p
ng nhu cu thc tin, ngy nay c nhiu phng
php chun ph hp nh chun axit baz,
chun oxi ha kh, chun to phc hay
chun kt taVi mi phng php tn ti
mi u, nhc im nht nh. Tuy nhin vic gn
kt gia l thuyt v thc tin i lc cha c
ch nhiu, vi nhng l do , chng ti kt
hp cc qu trnh thc nghim v h thng ha

MC LC
I. L thuyt v chun kt ta4
1.1 c im ca phng php..4
1.2 Mt s phng php kt ta.5
1.3 Tnh sai s.7
1.4 Xy dng ng cong chun .13
1.5 Chun hn hp...14
1.6 Mt s phng php xc nh im tng ng..17
II. Phn loi cc dng bi tp v chun kt ta.24
Dng 1: Tnh sai s chun 25
Dng 2: Tnh pAg, pCl khi thm 1 thuc th - bc nhy
chun ...37
Dng 3: Tnh nng chnh xc, nng gn ng45
Dng 4: Tnh % cc cht trong mu.54

I. L thuyt v chun kt ta
1.1 c im ca phng php:[1]
KN: l mt phng php phn tch th tch da vo
phn ng to thnh cc hp cht t tan.
K:
- Cc kt ta to thnh c tan ti thiu 10-5 M
- S to thnh kt ta phi kh nhanh
- Phn ng phi chn lc
- Phi c cht ch th thch hp xc nh im tng
ng

1.2 Mt s phng php kt ta:[2]

1.2.1 Phng php bc:
Ag+ + X AgX
X c th l cc anion: Cl, Br, I, CNS
1.2.2 Phng php thy ngn
Hg22+ + 2X Hg2X2
Cht ch th: Fe(SCN)3 hoc difeneylcacbazon
Hin tng: b mt mu khi Hg22+ d hoc xanh
Hg2+ + 2CN Hg(CN)2
Cht ch th: natri nitropruxit Na2[Fe(CN)5NO].2H2O
Hin tng: trng

1.2.3. Phng php chun ion Ba2+ bng sunfat:

Ba2+ + SO42- BaSO4
Cht ch th: natri rodizonat
Hin tng: khi d Ba2+ dd mu gn im tng ng
s mt mu
1.2.4. Phng php chun Pb2+ bng Crommat:
Pb2+ + CrO42- PbCrO4
Cht ch th: dd Ag+
Hin tng: mu gch (Ag2CrO4 )
1.2.5. Phng php chun Zn2+ bng feroxyanua:
3Zn2+ + 2[Fe(CN)6]4- + 2K+ K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2
Cht ch th: iphenylamin

Hin tng: dd c mu xanh khng mu

1.3 Tnh sai s: [3]

Chun V0 ml dung dch NaCl C0 (mol/l) bng AgNO3
C(mol/l).
Phng trnh chun : Ag+ + Cl AgCl Ks = 10-10
Vi AgNO3 C(mol/l)

V0 ml dung dch NaCl C0

p dng phng trnh trung ha in:

[H+]- [OH-] + [Na+] - [Cl-]+ [Ag+] - [NO3-] = 0
Trong dung dch c th chp nhn [H+]= [OH-] nn :
[Na+] - [Cl-] + [Ag+] - [NO3-] = 0 (1)
Biu din theo Ag+:
T (1)

TAgCl
C 0 V0
CVi
+
+ [Ag ] =0

+
V0 + Vi [Ag ]
V0 + Vi

TAgCl

(V0 + Vi ) - CVi = 0
C0 Vo + [Ag ] +
[Ag ]

TAgCl

TAgCl

+
V0 C0 + [Ag ] = V i C - [Ag ] +
+

[Ag ]
[Ag ]

TAgCl

+
C0 + [Ag ] +
[Ag ]
Vi

V =
TAgCl

0
+
C - [Ag ] +
[Ag ]

TAgCl

+
C C0 + [Ag ] +
[Ag ]
CV

i
t P =
=
(I)
C0 V0

TAgCl

+
C0 C - [Ag ] +
[Ag
]

Co V0
Ti im tng ng: Vtd =
C
C0 Vo
Vi V
V
CV
C
c
td
i
M
q=
=
=
-1 = P-1
C0 Vo
Vtd
C0 V0
C
T (I) suy ra

TAgCl

TAgCl

+
C C0 + [Ag ] - C 0 C- [Ag ] +
+
[Ag
]
[Ag

q=

TAgCl

+
C0 C- [Ag ] +
[Ag ]

Khai trin biu thc ta c:

TAgCl

+
[Ag ]- [Ag+] C+C0

q=
(II)

TAgCl

+
C0 C- [Ag ]+
[Ag
]

(II) L phng trnh tnh sai s ti mi im ca php chun .

TAgCl

Gn st im tng ng ta c: CAg+ >> [Ag ]- +

[Ag ]

Nn

TAgCl

q = [Ag ]+
[Ag
]

C + C0
CC0

(III)

 TAgCl C+C0
Trc im tng ng q= +
CC0
[Ag ]
Sau im tng ng

C+C0

q= [Ag ]

CC0

1.4 Xy dng ng cong chun :[1]

xy dng ng cong chun t phng trnh
ng cong chun , ta tnh m = [Ag+] ri tnh pAg, sau
biu din ln trc ta , chp nhn q = 0,1%
- im u ( q = -0,1%) m1 pm1
- im tng ng ( q = 0) m2 pm2
- im u ( q = +0,1%) m3 pm3
pAg
pAg
pAgt

Bc nhy

pAgc

1.5 Chun hn hp:[2][3]

Nguyn tc : Da vo tch s tan
V d : Xt c th chun hn hp cc halogenua: Cl
Br I bng dung dch Ag+
Da vo gi tr tch s tan, ta c:
TAgCl=10-10 >TAgBr=10-12,28 >TAgI=10-16,08
Th t cc kt ta xut hin l AgI AgBr AgCl
K: c th chun ring tng cu t nu tch s tan ca
tng s tan hn km t nht 104 ln vi nng cc cu t
bng nhau khong 0,1M

 Phng trnh ng cong chun :

Gi s chun V0 ml dd 2 anion X (C0) v Y(C0) bng
dd chun M+ (C) theo pt:
X + M+ = MX
Y + M+ = MY
Sau khi thm vo V ml dd chun, ta c:
[M + ][X- ] = TMX
C0 V0
[X ] + m x =
V0 + V

(1)

[M + ][Y - ] = TMY

(2)

(3)

'V
C
[Y - ] + m Y = 0 0
V0 + V

(4)

CV
+
[M ] + m x + m Y =
(5)
V +V
0

Ly (5) (4) (3) ta c:

'
CVC
V
C
+
0 0
0 V0
[M ]-[X ]-[Y ] =
V+ V0

V0 + V
Nhn 2 v vi
C0 V0
chun

(6)

th ta c phng trnh tnh sai s

C + TMX TMY Vo +V
q=p-1= [M ]c - + - +
(7)
C0
[M ]c [M ] C0V0
'
0

1.6.1 Phng
php Mohr
1.6 Mt s
phng php
xc nh im
tng ng

1.6.2 Phng
php Volhard
1.6.3 Phng
php Fajans

1.6.1 Phng php Mohr:[1][3]

Bn cht: Da vo phn ng gia Ag+ v X- khi c cht ch th
K2CrO4
Phn ng chun :Ag+ + X- AgX
Phn ng ch th: 2Ag+ + CrO42- Ag2CrO4
Nguyn tc: Phi chn c nng K2CrO4 l bao nhiu kt
ta xut hin ti im tng ng, tc l khi:
pAg = pCl = 5 (TAgCl = 10-10)
c kt ta Ag2CrO4 th [Ag+]2 . [CrO42-] 2.10-12
-12
-12
2.10
2.10
-2
[CrO 4 2- ]
=
=
2.10
M
+
-5 -2
[Ag ] (10 )
Tuy nhin, vi nng ny mu vng m ca ion cromat s cn
tr vic nhn ra mu nu ca kt ta Ag2CrO4 nn thc t thng
dng dd K2CrO4 5.10-3 M (tng ng khong 5%).

iu kin thc nghim :

+ pH khu vc 8-10
+ Nng CrO42- long vi git.
+ Nhit thp.
+ Dung dch chun AgNO3 bao gi cng cha
buret.
+ Cn phi loi cc ion cn tr nh :Ba 2+, Pb2+, Bi3+
(v chng to kt ta vi CrO42-); S2-, SO42-, PO43-,
C2O42- (v chng to kt ta vi Ag+).
Lu : Khng dng pp Mohr xc nh I , SCN

v to dd rn, sai s ln

1.6.2 Phng php Volhard :[1][3]

Bn cht: Da trn phn ng gia Ag+ v SCN ch th Fe3+
Phn ng chun : Ag+ + SCN AgSCN (mu trng)
Phn ng ch th: Fe3+ + SCN FeSCN2+ ( nht)
iu kin thc nghim:
+ pH<2
+ nng Fe3+ nh
+ Cn lc mnh khi chun
+ Chun I- th cho Ag+ d trc khi thm Fe3+
u im : C th chun trong mi trng axit

1.6.3 Phng php Fajans:[1]

a. Hin tng hp ph trong qu trnh
nh phn
Trong qu trnh nh phn, cc kt ta c xu
hng ho keo, nht l cc halogenua bc.
Trc im tng ng: Trong dung dch
tha X, kt ta AgX s hp ph to thnh ht
keo tch in m :
nAgX + mX nAgX.mX
Sau im tng ng : Dung dch tha
Ag+, ta li c ht keo tch in dng:
pAgX + qAg+ pAgX.qAg+

b. Cht ch th hp ph
Cht ch th hp ph l nhng axit yu. Theo Fajians, cc
anion ca ch th hp ph khi b hp ph ln b mt kt ta
tch in dng s b bin dng v thay i mu. Li dng
tnh cht ny xc nh im tng ng.
Cc cht ch th thng dng l fluoretxein v cc dn xut
ca n nh eozin...
V d : Cht ch th eozin l mt axit hu c yu k hiu
l HE. Trong dd tn ti theo cn bng : HE H+ + E
E trng thi t do c mu hng, khi b kt ta hp ph c
mu tm hoa c.

Nu dng eozin xc nh im tng ng khi nh

phn dung dch KI bng dd AgNO3 th :
Trc im tng ng: nAgI.mI khng hp ph E v
cng (-), E vn trng thi t do, dung dch c mu hng.
Sau im tng ng : pAgI.qAg+ s hp ph E , kt
ta s nhum mu tm hoa c.
c. chnh xc ca php chun dng cht ch th
hp ph ph thuc vo cc yu t sau
Tnh hp ph chn lc ca cht ch th
nh hng ca pH
Tnh cht b mt ca kt ta

II. Phn loi cc dng bi tp v chun

kt ta:
Dng 1: Tnh sai s q

Dng 2: Tnh pM, pX khi thm 1 thuc th bc nhy chun

Dng 3: Tnh nng gn ng, nng
chnh xc
Dng 4: Tnh % cc cht trong mu

Dng 1: Tnh sai s chun

Bi 1: [4]
Tnh sai s khi chun dd Cl- 0,1M bng dd chun Ag+
cng nng nu kt thc chun khi pAg =4,3. Cho
TAgCl = 10-10
Gii:
Kt thc chun khi pAg = 4,3, tc [Ag+]= 5.10-5.p dng
pt (III) ta c:

TAgCl

q = [Ag ]+
[Ag ]

C + C0
CC0

-10
0,1+ 0,1
10
-5
-4
q = 5.10 =
9,6.10
-5
5.10 0,1.0,1

Bi 2: [5]
Ngi ta kt thc vic chun dung dch KBr 0,1M bng dung
dch AgNO3 0,05M pBr = 3,7 v 7,4 th sai s ca php chun
s l bao nhiu, cho bit TAgBr = 4.10-13
Gii:

12,
4
= 6, 2
Phng trnh chun : Ag+ + Br- AgBr pBrtd =
2
pBr = 3,7 , chun kt thc trc im tng ng
-3,4

Brd
10
q=.100% = .100% = -0, 2%
Brtd
0,1
Tnh n s tng gim th tch :
-3,7

10 3V
q=. .100% = -0, 2%
0,1 V

12, 4
pBrtd =
= 6, 2
pBr =7,4 , chun kt thc sau im tng ng2

Phng trnh chun : Ag+ + Br- AgBr

TAgBr

-5
Ag d
10
Br
q=
.100% =
.100% =
.100% = 0, 2%
Agtd
Ag td
0,05

Tnh n s tng gim th tch :

TAgBr

-5
Ag d 3V
10
q=
. .100% = Br .1,5.100% =
.1,5.100% = 0,3%
Ag td 2 V
Ag td
0,05

Bi 3:
Chun hn hp KBr 0,1M v KCl 0,1M bng AgNO 3
0,1M, tnh sai s khi kt thc chun pBr = 6 v pCl=5,3.
Cho pAgBr = 12,4 v pAgCl = 10
Gii:
Phng trnh chun : Ag+ + Cl- AgCl
Ag+ + Br- AgBr
Kt thc chun pBr=6 tc l [Br] = 10-6
-12,4
10
+
-6,4
[Ag ] = -6 = 10
10
-10
10
-3,6
[Cl ] = -6,4 = 10
10

C0 '
+
- Vo + V
q = [Ag ]-[Cl ]-[Br ]
C0
C0 V0
Gn im tng ng nn
Vo + V 2
VV0
=
C0 V0 C0
0,1 -6,4 -3,6 -6 2
q = 10 -10 -10
= -0,5%
0,1
0,1

Phng trnh chun : Ag+ + Cl AgCl

Ag+ + Br AgBr
Kt thc chun pBr=3,7 tc l [Cl-] = 10-5,3
-10
10
[Ag + ] = -5,3 = 10-4,7
10

-12,4
10
[Br - ] = -4,7 = 10-7,7
10

Vo + V 2
VV0
=
C0 V0 C0
0,1 -4,7 -5,3 -7,7 2
q = 10 -10 -10
= 0,03%
0,1
0,1

Bi 4: [3]
Chun dd NaCl 0,1M bng dd chun AgNO3 0,1M. Mun sai s
chun khng vt qu 0,2% th kt thc chun trong khong
pAg no? Cho TAgCl = 10-10
Gii:
Ta phi tnh pAg khi q = P-1 = 0,002
Khi q = P-1 = - 0,002
-10

10 0,1+ 0,1
-0, 002 = [Ag ]c +
[Ag ]c 0,1.0,1

Gii ra ta c [Ag+]c = 10-6, tc pAg = 6

q = P-1 = + 0,002

-10
0,1+ 0,1
10
+
+0, 002 = [Ag ]c +
[Ag ]c 0,1.0,1

Gii ra ta c [Ag+]c = 10-4, tc pAg = 4

Vy kt thc chun trong khong pAg t 4 n 6, sai s <0,2%

Bi 5: [3]
Chun 100ml hn hp dd KBr 0,1M v KCl 0,1M bng dd chun
AgNO3 0,1M. Bit TAgCl =10-10, TAgBr =10-12,4
a)Nu kt thc chun khi pAg = 8,4 th bao nhiu % lng AgBr
c chun ?
b)Nu kt thc chun khi pAg = 8,7 th sai s chun l bao
nhiu?
Gii :
V TAgCl >>TAgBr nn khi thm AgNO3 vo th AgBr s kt ta trc Brng vi X- v Cl- ng vi Y- trong cc pt trn:

0,1 -8,4 10-12,4 10-10 0,1+ 0,1

q = p-1 = + 10 - -8,4 - -8,4
= 0, 45
0,1
10 10 0,1.0,1

tc l 145% lng KBr chun , ngha l lng KBr c

chun hon ton v 45% lng Cl- c chun .
b) p dng cng thc ta c:

-12,4
-10

0,1
10 0,1+ 0,1
-8,4 10
q = + 10 - -8,7 - -8,7
= -0,0004
0,1
10
10 0,1.0,1

tc 0,04%

Bi 6: [4] Sai s 0,1% tng ng vi 0,025 ml i vi

th tch 25 ml cht chun. Nng ion bc 4,78.10 6 mol/l
sau khi thm 24,975 ml dung dch Ag+ 0,100 M v bng
3,81.105 mol/l sau khi thm 25,025 ml cng dung dch
vo dung dch Cl 0,05 M. C th thay i nng ion
cromat cn thit to thnh Ag2CrO4 trong khong no
chun khng vt qu 0,025 ml.
Gii:
Khi thm 24,975 ml cht chun, kt ta Ag2CrO4 c th xy ra
nu:
[CrO42][Ag+]2 T
-12

T
1,1.10
[CrO 4 ] =
=
= 0,048M
+ 2
-6 2
[Ag ] (4,78.10 )
2-

7. [4] Chun dung dch NaCl 0,02M bng dung dch AgNO3
0,05M dng K2CrO4 5.10-3 lm ch th. Tnh sai s chun nu
chun n xut hin mu nu gch ca kt ta Ag2CrO4 v ti
pH ti im cui chun l 9 ( lng kt ta Ag2CrO4 tch ra l
khng ng k )
8. [5] Chun 50ml dung dch NaBr dng K2CrO4 3.10-3M
lm ch th ht 25ml dung dch AgNO3 0,06M. Hy tnh nng
NaBr v sai s chun ( bt u xut hin kt ta Ag2CrO4)
9. [5] Chun 100ml NH4SCN dng K2CrO4 3.10-3 M lm ch
th ht 50ml AgNO3 0,075M. Tnh nng NH4SCN v sai s
chun ( bt u xut hin kt ta Ag2CrO4 )

10. [4] Ha tan 3,5g mt mu Na2CO3 c ln NaCl v tp cht

tr vo nc ri pha long thnh 250ml. Chun 25ml dung dch
thu c dng metyl da cam lm ch th ( pT = 4) ht 20,5ml
dung dch HCl 0,2N. Sau un si ui ht CO2 ri chun tip
tc dung dch thu c dng K2CrO4 lm 5.10-3 M lm ch th ht
30,5 ml AgNO3 0,2N.
a)Tnh thnh phn phn % ca cc cht trong hn hp
b)Tnh sai s chun trong php chun th 2 nu coi ti im
cui chun c 5.10-7 mol Ag2CrO4 tch ra.
11. [4] Tnh nng ion CrO2- phi c trong dung dch
chun ion Br- bng AgNO3 th kt ta Ag2CrO4 xut hin ti
im tng ng. Nu dng K2CrO4 2.10-3M lm ch th trong
php chun KBr 0,01M bng AgNO3 0,02M th sai s chun
l bao nhiu

Dng 2: Tnh pM, pX khi thm 1 thuc

th - bc nhy chun
Bi 1: [4]
Chun 100ml dd AgNO3 0,02M bng dd NH4SCN
0,04M. Tnh pAg sau khi thm: 40,00ml; 49,90ml; 50,10ml;
55,00ml NH4SCN
Gii
Ag+ + SCN- AgSCN
0, 02.100
Vtd =
= 50 ml
0, 04

a. V=40ml CAg+

0, 04.(50 - 40)
=
= 2,857.10-3
140

Chun trc im tng ng.

Ag+ + H2O AgOH + H+ = 10-11,7

b, coi nh s to phc hidroxo l khng ng k
AgSCN Ag+ + SCN- Tt = 10-12
bd
2,857.10-3
cb
2,857.10-3+x x
x(2,857.10-3 + x) = 10-12
Gii ra:
[SCN-] = x = 3,5.10-10 ; [Ag+] = 2,857.10-3
pAg = 2,54
0, 04.(50 - 49,9)
-5
= 2, 66.10
b. V = 49,90ml C Ag+ =
149,9
[SCN-] = x = 3,76.10-8 ;
pAg = 4,58

[Ag+] = 2,66.10-5

c. V = 50,10 ml

0, 04.(50,1- 50)
CSCN- =
= 2, 66.10-5
150,1
[Ag+] = 4,76.10-8
pAg = 7,42
d. V = 55 ml

CSCN-

0, 04.(55 - 50)
-3
=
= 1, 29.10
155

[Ag+] = 7,75.10-10

pAg = 9,11

Bi 2: [4]
Tm bc nhy ca pAg v pI trong php chun dd KI
0,005M bng dd AgNO3 0,01M, nu coi sai s q = 0,1%
Gii:
Ag+ + I- AgI
Tt = 10-16
+

[Ag ] + m AgI

CV
=
(1)
V+ V0

C0 V0
=
(2)
V+ V0

[I ] + m AgI

V+ V0 CV- C0 V0
([Ag ] -[I ])
=
= p-1 = q
C0 V0
C0 V0
+

C+ C0
q = ([Ag ] -[I ])
(3)
C0 C
+

q= -0,1%, d KI, [I-] >> [Ag+], C=0,01; C0= 0,005

-5
5.10
[I- ] = 10-3
= 3,33.10-6
0, 015
pI = 5,48
pAg = 16 5,48 = 10,52
q= +0,1%, d Ag+, [Ag+] >> [I-],
pAg = 5,48

pI = 16 5,48 = 10,52

-5
5.10
[Ag + ] = 10-3
= 3,33.10-6
0, 015

Bi 3: [5] Tm bc nhy ca pBa v pCrO4 trong php

chun dd BaCl2 0,02M bng dd K2CrO4 0,04M pH =
10, nu coi sai s q = 0,1%
Gii:
Ba2+ + CrO42- BaCrO4

Tt = 10-9,9

CrO42- + H2O HCrO4-+ OH- WK2-1= 10-14.106,5 =10-7,5

Ba2+ + H2O BaOH+ + H+

= 10-13,36

Tt= [Ba2+][CrO42-] = Tt (1+ h-1)(1+K2-1h) = 10-6,4

C+ C0
22+
q = [CrO 4 ] -[Ba ]
CC0

+ q= -0,1%,
-4
4.2.10
2+
-3
-5
[Ba ] = 10
= 1,33.10
-2
6,10

pBa=4,88 ;

pCrO4= 6,4-4,88=1,52

+ q= + 0,1%,
[CrO42-] = 1,33.10-5
pBa=5,02 ;
pCrO4= 1,38

4.[4] Chun 100ml dung dch AgNO3 0,0200 M bng

dung dch NH4SCN 0,040 M. Tnh pAg khi thm 40,00 ml;
50,1 ml; 55 ml NH4SCN.
5.[5] Chun 100ml dug dch KI 0,005M bng dung dch
AgNO3 0,01M. Tnh pAg khi thm 45ml; 49,5ml; V 55ml
AgNO3
6. [5] Tnh bc nhy pAg v pI trong php chun dung
dch KI 0,005M bng dung dch AgNO3 0,01M nu sai s chun
l 0,1%
7. [4] Tnh bc nhy pBa v pCrO4 trong php chun
dung dch BaCl2 0,02M bng dung dch K2CrO4 0,04M pH =
10, nu coi sai s chun l 0,1%

Dng 3: Tnh nng chnh xc, nng gn ng

Bi 1: [3] Chun 100ml dd NaBr bng AgNO 3 0,01M. Khi
thm c 50ml dd AgNO3 th sai s mc phi l +0,3%. Tnh
nng chnh xc ca NaBr
Gii:
Pt: Ag+ + Br- AgBr
Tt = 10-12
Sai s chun :

C0 NaBr

0,01.50
=
= 5.10-3 M
100

Th tch chnh xc AgNO3 dng khi sai s chun +0,3%:

50- 50.0,3% = 49,85ml
0,01.49,85
Nng chnh xc ca NaBr
:
C =
= 4,985.10-3 M
NaBr

100

Bi 2: [3] Chun 50 ml dd NaBr dng K2Cr2O4 3.10-3M lm

ch th ht 25ml AgNO3 0,060M. Hy tnh nng NaBr v sai
s chun (bt u xut hin kt ta Ag2CrO4) cho
TAgBr =10-12 TAg2CrO = 2.10-12
Gii:
Ag+ + Br- AgBr
Tt = 10-12
2Ag+ + CrO42- Ag2CrO4 T=2.10-12 2.10-12
+
-5
0,06.25
-2
[Ag
]
=
=
2,58.10
M
-3
C0 NaBr =
= 3.10 M
3.10
50
12
-2

10
0,06
+
3.10
q = 2,58.105 = 0,13%
5
-2
2,58.10 0,06.3.10

0,06.24,97

Nng chnhCxc
NaBr dng khi=sai
s chun
0,029964
M 0,13%:
NaBr =
V
= V V .q =25-5025.0,13% = 24,97ml

Bi 3: [4]
Chun 100ml dd AgNO3 bng dd KSCN 0,01M, dng Fe3+ lm chi
th, ht 55ml dd KSCN. Php chun kt thc khi xut hin mu
hng ca FeSCN2+, ng vi CFeSCN2+=6.10-6M, nng Fe3+ ti im
cui chun l 5.10-3 M. Tnh nng chnh xc ca AgNO3 cho
KFeSCN2+ =103,03 TAgSCN = 10-12

Gii:
Ag+ + SCN- AgSCN

Tt = 10-12

Fe3+ + SCN- FeSCN2+

K=103,03

0,01.55
-3
C0AgNO3 =
= 5,5.10 M
100
C+ C0
q = [SCN ]-[Ag ]
Sai s chun :
CC0
-

Ti cui im chun :
FeSCN2+ Fe3+ + SCN[ ] 6.10-6
5.10-3 x

x = 10

-3,03

-6

6.10
-6
=
1,12.10
5.10-3

K=10-3,03
-12
10
-7
[Ag + ] =
=
8,93.10
1,12.10-6

Nu tnh c nng SCN- to phc di dng FeSCN2+ th:

[SCN-]=1,12.10-6 + 6.10-6 = 7,12.10-6
-3
0,01+
5,5.10
-3
q = 7,12.10-6 -8,93.10-7
=
1,75.10
= 0,18%
-3
5,5.10

Th tch KSCN chnh xc: V=55-55.0,18%=54,90 ml

Nng chnh xc AgNO3: 0,01.54,9 = 5, 49.10-3

100

Bi 4: [4] Thm 50ml dd AgNO3 0,0240M vo 100ml dung

dch FeCl3. Chun dung dch ny bng NH4SCN n
khi xut hin mu ca phc FeSCN2+, ng vi
CFeSCN2+=6.10-7, ht 20,50ml dung dch NH4SCN 0,0180N.
Tnh chnh xc nng FeCl3 cho TAgCl = 10-10
Gii:
3AgNO3 + FeCl3 3AgCl + Fe(NO3)3 Tt = 10-10
AgNO3 d + NH4SCN AgSCN+ NH4NO3
SCl- = SAg+ /25ml/250ml - SSCN- 100.CoCl- = 0,024.50

0,024.50 - 0,018.20,5
CoCl =
= 8,31.10-3 M
100
8,31.10-3
CFeCl3 =
= 2,77.10-3 M
3

- 0,018.20,5

FeSCN2+ Fe3+ + SCN[ ] 6.10-7

2,77.10-3
x

10-3,03

-7
6.10
-7
x = [SCN - ] = 10-3,03
=
2,02.10
2,77.10-3
- '

2+

-7

-7

[SCN ] = [FeSCN ] +[SCN ] = 6.10 + 2,02.10 = 8,02.10

-12
T
10
AgSCN
+
-6
[Ag ] =
=
= 1, 25.10
-7
[SCN ]' 8,02.10
AgCl + SCN- AgSCN+ Cl[]
8,02.10-7
y

T=102

y
2
-5
=
10
=>
y
=
[Cl
]
=
8,02.10
8,02.10-7

-7

Ta c

CAg+

= [Ag + ] + m Cl + mSCN =

CCl-

= [Cl- ] + m

CSCN-

AgNO3

= [SCN - ] + m

CV
V0 + V+ V '

(1)

C0 V0
=
V0 + V+ V '

(2)

C'V'
(3)
AgSCN +[FeSCN ] =
V0 + V V'
2+

'

(1) - (2) - (3) = C Ag+ - C Cl- - CSCN+

CV- Co Vo - C V
=
V+ Vo + V '
-

2+

'

= ([Ag ]-[Cl ]-[SCN ]-[FeSCN ])

Ta c

CVtd = Co Vo + C'Vtd'
CV- Co Vo - C'V '
CV
P=
=> q = P-1 =
' '
Co Vo + C Vtd
Co Vo + C'V '
'
V+
V
+
V
o
q = ([Ag + ]-[Cl- ]-[SCN - ]-[FeSCN 2+ ]).
(4)
'
Co Vo + C'V

Thay V=50; Vo=100; V=20,5; Co=8,31.103

;C=0,018 v nng cc dng ion vo (4) ta
c q=-1,1%
VAg = 50 50.(1,1%) = 50,55ml
Suy ra CCl 50,55.0, 024 20,5.0, 018 8, 44.103
100
CFeCl3 = 2,81.10-3

5.[4] Chun 100ml dung dch NH4SCN bng dung dch AgNO3
0,02M dng Fe3+ lm ch th. lm mt mu st (III)thioxianat phi
dng 40ml AgNO3 v sai s mc phi l +0,15%. Hy tnh nng
ca NH4SCN.
6.[5] Chun 100ml dung dch AgNO3 bng dung dch chun
KSCN. Php chun kt thc khi xut hin mu hng ca phc
FeSCN2+ ng vi CFeSCN2+ 6.10-6 ion-g/l; tnh nng ion Fe3+ ti
im cui chun l 5,1.10-3 M. Hy tnh chnh xc nng AgNO3
7. [4]Thm 50ml AgNO3 0,024M vo 100ml dung dch FeCl3 v
HNO3 1M. Chun dung dch ny bng NH4SCN n xut hin mu
ca phc FeSCN2+ ( CFeSCN2+ = 6.10_6 ion-g/l) ht 20,50 ml
dung dch NH4SCN 0,018N. tnh chnh xc nng FeCl3
8. [4]Tnh nng ion Fe3+ phi c trong 50ml Ag+ 0,1M v H+
0,1M khi chun dung dch ny bng NH4SCN 0,03M th mu
FeSCN2+ xut hin ( 6,4.10-6 ion-g/l) khi sai s chun nm trong
phm vi 0,1%

Dng 4: Tnh % cc cht trong mu

Bi 1: [3]
Ly 1,9788g hp kim bc, ha tan bng axit nitrit ri nh
mc thnh 250ml dung dch. Chun 25ml dung dch
trn th tn mt 27,2ml dung dch NH4SCN 0,0529M. Tnh
hm lng % bc c trong hp kim.
Gii:

SAg+ /25ml/250ml = SSCNa 25

= 0,0529.27, 2.10-3 a = 1.553g

108 250
a100
% Ag =
= 78,5%
1,9788

Bi 2:[5] Ha tan 4,000g mt mu mui cha KI v

K2CO3. Axit ha bng HNO3. Thm 50ml AgNO3 0,2500N.
Chun lng Ag+ d ht 32,00ml dung dch SCN0,012N . Tnh % KI trong mu mui.
Gii:

SI- = SAg+ /50ml - SSCN- /32ml

-3

-3

= 0, 2550.10 - 320,012.10 = 0,012116

0,012116166.100
% KI =
= 50, 28%
4,000

3. [3]Tnh nng ca cc ion Zn2+ v ion S2- trong dung dch

thu c khi lc 0,2g ZnS vi 50ml AgNO3 0,1N cho n khi cn
bng.
bit rng sau khi lc kt ta, ra sch v chun nc lc v
nc ra ht 15,5ml KSCN 0,1M, tnh thnh phn % ca ZnS
trong mu.
4.[3] chun 0,3074g hn hp gm KCl v KBr ht 30,98ml
AgNO3 0,1007N. Tnh thnh phn % ca KCl v KBr c trong hn
hp.
5.[3] Ch ha 0,6g mt hn hp gm c BaI2 v LiCl vi 45ml
AgNO3 0,1N. Tnh thnh phn % ca cc cht c trong hn hp.
6.[4] Ha tan 0,2g mt hp kim ca km trong axit, thm 50ml
K4Fe(CN)6 0,09N lm kt ta Zn2+ di dng K2Zn3[Fe(CN)6]2 .
Chun K4Fe(CN)6 dng iphenylamin khi c K3Fe(CN)6 lm
ch th ht 4,5ml Zn2+ 0,1N. Tnh thnh phn % ca Zn trong hp
kim

TI LIU THAM KHO

1.Nguyn Tinh Dung (2003) Ha hc phn tch phn III, NXB
Gio dc.
2.A.P.Kreskov (1990) C s ha hc phn tch, NXB i hc v
Gio dc chuyn nghip H Ni.
3.Nguyn Hu Hin (2011) Bi ging ha hc phn tch nh
lng.
4.Trn T Hiu T Vng Nghi Hong Th Tn (1984) Bi tp
ha phn tch, NXB Khoa hc k thut chuyn nghip.
5.Nguyn Tinh Dung (1982) Bi tp ha phn tch, NXB Gio dc.

CM N THY
V CC BN
LNG NGHE