MIL-STD 1553

on the International Space Stations

Command and Data Handling System
NSBE training seminar
September 25, 2003
P.Eugene Jackson Jr.
NSBE Seminar

Command and Data Handling System (C&DH)

ESSMDMs and SSMDMs are used in the Space Station Command and Data Handling
system design which is a layered approach providing difference levels of processing and
communication capabilities for each layer. The ESSMDM provide control and data
processing, communication control, and mass resources to support control and
management function of onboard functions. The SSMDM are used to provide embedded
control processing at the lower level and at the main interface to on board sensors and
effectors via analog and discrete input/output.

C&DH Facts: 54 Multiplexer DeMultiplexers ((MDM) ESSMDM & SSMDM)

100 + MIL-STD-1553 data buses A/B channel redundancy
1200 + MIL-STD-1553 remote terminal (RT) address assignments
190 payload 1553 RT addresses
600 + International partners and firmware controller
1553 devices
90 unique types devices
100 (approximately) Software Interface Control Documents

NSBE Seminar

Both MDM type are designed to

host User Application Software
(UAS) to control all functionally.
Functional Space Station
Architecture (figure on the left)
represents avertical slice of The
C&DH system defining the Control
Processing, Local Processing,
and the User Processing as they
relate to MDMs. The top two layers,
the Control Buses and the
Local Buses are often referenced to
as Local Bus. The lower layer of
MIL-STD-1553 is referenced
As User Bus layer, because the
communicate Can be either Local
bus protocol or a custom User
Protocol connected directly to the
user equipment.

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Architecture Overview
Data Rate

1 MHz

Word Length

20 bits/word

Data Bits/Word

16 bits

Transmission Technique

Half-duplex

Operation

Asynchronous, self-clocking waveform

Encoding

Manchester II bi-phase

Bus Topology

Linear multi-drop bus, with stub-coupled

terminals

Bus Coupling

Transformer or direct coupled

Transmission Media

Twisted-shielded-pair cable terminated

in its characteristic impedance

Protocol

Time-division, command/response

Bus Control

Single or multiple

NSBE Seminar

MIL-STD-1553 Simple Multiplex

Architecture
Cable
Coupler
Optional
Redundant
Cables

Bus
Controller

Remote
Terminal
Subsystem(s)

Subsystem
with
Embedded
Remote
Terminal

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Bus Topology Examples

Sensor A

Sensor B

Sensor C
Bus A
Bus B

Single Level
Topology

Comp 1
Sensors
Controls and
Display Bus

Bus A
Bus B
Bus A
Bus B

Navigation
Bus

Single Level,
with Functional
Separation

Sensors

Bus
Controller
Bus A
Bus B

Stores
Bus
Sensors

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Transformer Coupled Bus Network

Terminal
1

Terminal
2

Terminal
N
Stubs

1.41

1.41

1.41

Main Bus

Zo

Zo

R = 0.75 Zo ohm

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Transmission Line Characteristics

1553 Requirement
Cable Type

Twisted-shielded-pair

Capacitance

30 pFd./ft Max

Characteristic
Impedance

70 to 85 OHMS at 1 MHz, nominal

(actual, per notice 2)

Attenuation

1.5 db/100 ft Max at 1MHz

Bus Length

Not specified in 1553B (300 ft suggested max)

Stub Length

Direct coupled - less than 1 ft

Transformer coupled - 20 ft (suggested max)

Termination

Ends terminated with resistors of Z0 +/-2%

Cable Shielding

75% coverage (90% coverage, per notice 2)

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Bus Coupler Characteristics

Direct
Coupled

Transformer
Coupled

Shield
Data Bus
Isolation resistors: R = 0.75 Z O 2%
Isolation transformer: turns
ratio 1:1.41 3%
(1 terminal winding)
(1.41 bus winding)
ZOC > 3K at 75 kHz to 1 MHz
1V rms sine wave
At 27v

1:1.41

P-P 250-kHz

Droop: < 20%

sq wave
Overshooting/ringing: < 1V
CMR: > 45 dB at 1 MHz
Nominal characteristic impedance
of bus cable:
ZO = 70 to 85 at 1 MHz

55 ohm
2%

55 ohm
2%

Transceiver

Transceiver

Terminal

Terminal

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Data Bus NetworksStub Impedance vs.

Length
2200

Terminal input impedance (Z 1): 1000 ohms, except where noted

Coupler transformer: 1:1.41 turns ratio
Isolation resistors: 52.5 ohms
Cable capacitance: 30 pF/ft

2000

Stub Impedance, Z1 (ohms)

1800
1600
1400

Transformer Coupled
(Ideal Transformer)
Transformer Coupled
(1553B Transformer)

1200
1000

Direct Coupled
(Z1 = 2000 ohms)

800
600
400

Direct Coupled

200
0

10

12 14 16 18
Stub Length (ft)

20

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26

28

30

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MIL-STD-1553 Data Encoding

One Bit Time
1 MHz
Clock

NRZ
Data

(+)
(0)

(+)
(0)

(+)

Manchester (0)
II
Bi-Phase L
(-)

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MIL-STD-1553B Intermessage Gap and

Response Timing
Bit Time
19

Bit Time
20

Command/Status Sync

Parity Bit
+ Volts

Volts

Gap Time: Min 4.0 microsec

Response Time: Min 4.0 microsec

Max 12.0 microsec

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MIL-STD-1553B Word Formats

Command Word
Command/status sync, 16 data bits, odd party
Transmitted only by the active bus controller
Contains unique address of RT or broadcast address (11111)
Contains transmit or receive data indicator
Contains subaddress (or mode code indicator)
Contains word count of 1 to 32 (or mode code)

Status Word
Command/status sync, 16 data bits, odd party
Transmitted only by the commanded remote terminal
Contains own address and terminal health information

Data Words
Data word sync, 16 data bits, odd parity
Transmitted or received by bus controllers or remote terminals
Received by bus monitors

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MIL-STD-1553B Word Formats

Bit Times

Command
Word

5
Sync

9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20

Remote Terminal T/R

Address

Subaddress/
Mode

Data Word
Sync

Data

Reserved

Broadcast Command
Received

Busy

Subsystem Flag

Dynamic Bus Control

Acceptance

Terminal Flag

Parity

Remote Terminal
Address

16

Service Request

Sync

P
Data Word
Count/Mode Code

Instrumentation

Message Error

Status
Word

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Information Transfer Formats

Controller-toRT Transfer
RT-toController
Transfer
RT-to-RT
Transfer

Receive
Command
Transmit
Command

Data
Word

Receive Transmit
Command Command

Mode Command Mode

Command
Without Data
Word
Mode Command Mode
With Data Word Command
(Transmit)
Mode Command Mode
With Data Word Command
(Receive)

Data
Word

Data
Word
Status
Word

Status
Word
Status
Word

Data
Word

Data
Word
Data
Word

Status
Word

Data
Word

Next
Command
Word

Data
Word
Status
Word

Data
Word

Status
Word
Data
Word

Next
Command
Word

Next
Command
Word

Data
Word

Status
Word

Next
Command
# Word

Next
Command
Word
Next
Command
Word
# Intermessage gap
Response time

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Broadcast Information Transfer Formats

Controller-toRT(s) Transfer
RT-to-RT
Transfer

Receive
Command

Data
Word

Receive Transit
Command Command

Mode
Mode Command
Command
Without Data
Word
Mode
Mode Command
With Data Word Command

Data
Word

Data
Word

Status
Word

Data
Word
Data
Word

#
Data
Word

Next
Command
Word

Data
Word

Next
Command
Word

Next
Command
Word

Next
Command
Word

# Intermessage gap
Response time

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MIL-STD-1553B Terminal Block

Diagram

1553B Data Bus

1553 Terminal
Internal
Buses

Protocol Control

Subsystem

Computer
Transceiver

Encode
Decode
Subsystem
I/F

Transceiver

Subsystem

Encode
Decode

Memory

Power Supply

I/O
Process
Subsystem

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Generalized 1553B Terminal Functions

Word Processor
Data Bus
Interface

A
Analog
Transmit/
Receive
Receive

Signal limiting
Filter
Threshold
detection

Transmit

Driver
Transmitter
control
Timer

Common

Bus coupling

Message Processor

B
Bit/Word
Processor
(Encoder/
Decoder)
Receive

Receiver
Sync detection
Data detection
Manchester error
detection
Parity check
Bits and word count

Transmit

Transmit control
Sync and data
encoder
Parity generation

Clock generation

C
Word/
Message
Processor
Receive

Command word
code
Status word decode
Address recognition
Mode execution
Word count
recognition
Message error
detection

Transmit

Word count (BC)

Status register

D
Subsystem
Interface
Circuits

Subsystem
or Host
Processor
Interface

Channel selection
Data sampling
Conversation
Subsystem timing
Buffer registers
Calibration
Self-test
DMA to host
memory
Interrupt lines
Control lines

Built-in test
Subsystem interface
control

Data address
Control registers

Memory buffers

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GNC2 Local Bus PRESTO analysis

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GNC2 Local Bus PRESTO analysis - result

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JEM Local Bus PRESTO analysis (1 of 2)

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JEM Local Bus PRESTO analysis (2 of 2)

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JEM Local Bus PRESTO analysis - result

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Mil-Std-1553
Remote Terminal Validation Testing
Requirement: all ORUs connecting to ISS cross-boundary buses must meet
MIL-STD-1553B, Notice 2.
Purpose: to verify that Remote Terminal designed to meet the requirements of
MIL-STD-1553B, Notice 2. Test will be performed on stand-alone ORU.
Physical Layer: input and output electrical characteristics, noise rejection.
Protocol Layer: subaddress legalization, error detection and handling,
transmission rate, mode code implementation ..
Test Plan: Appendix A of MIL-HDBK-1553 or Section 100 of MIL-HDBK1553A.
Test Duration: 2 working days allocated for each RT.

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Mil-Std-1553
Remote Terminal Validation Testing
TYPICAL TEST SET-UP

Test Support
Equipment

ORU

B
6

BUS TESTER

PC and Test
Equipment

Address
Box

Main Power

Main Power

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Control Moment Gyroscopes

CMG Facts
The speeds available for commanding: 6269, 6319, 6364, 6410, 6456, 6504, 6552, 660, 6639, 6683, 6722, 6768
6808, 6849, 6890, and 6932 rpm.
The spin motor is used to spin up the wheel and maintain a constant wheel speed. At a nominal line voltage of
120 vdc, the maximum possible wheel speed is 8290 rpm.
Gimbal Torquers Used to rotate the gimbal assembly.
CMG health and status Temperatures, electronics voltages, inner and out gimbals positions and rates

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Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) interface

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Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) interface

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Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) interface

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Control Moment Gyroscope (CMG) interface

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Useful web links

Command and Data Handling Architecture Control Document (D684-10500-02)
http://iss-www.jsc.nasa.gov/ss/issapt/cdhait/resources/add_master15.PDF
Command and Control Software site:
http://iss-www.jsc.nasa.gov/ss/issapt/vehipt/sspt7ipt/cdhipt/ccipt/grp/ccsdev/ccs.htm
MIL STD 1553 tutorial
http://www.condoreng.com/support/downloads/tutorials/index.shtml
MDM Users Guide ( Volume I)

X8264868, Rev D

MIL-STD-1553

Details drawing contributed by:

Mack McCall, Boeing

Primus E. Jackson Jr.

primus.e.jackson1@jsc.nasa.gov
work 281 488 5551
cell 281 788 7663

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