01 - LTE-SAE Overview v1.0

LTE/SAE Overview
LTE/SAE Fundamentals Course
For public use IPR applies

1
Nokia Siemens Networks
LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number
Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

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2
Module Objectives
After completing this module, the participant should be able to:
Understand the reasons driving to the LTE/SAE project.

List the LTE/SAE main requirements.
Discuss the future of wireless communications.
Compare LTE/SAE capabilities with other mobile technologies.
Review the 3GPP specification work concerning LTE/SAE.
Identify the major steps in the Network Architecture Evolution
towards an LTE/SAE network.
Underline the LTE/SAE key features.
Briefly explain the basics of the LTE Air Interface.
Name the Standardisation bodies around LTE/SAE.
3
Module Contents
Why LTE?
LTE main requirements
LTE versus other Mobile technologies
LTE Specification work done and scheduled
Network Architecture Evolution
LTE key features
Basics of the LTE Air Interface
Standardisation around LTE
LTE Summary

4
Module Contents
Why LTE?
LTE key features
LTE Summary

5
A little bit of History

New technologies developed in the last 15
years in telecommunication brought available

transmission rates to a total new level.
Two systems have affected the life of nearly
everyone:
mobile communication via 2G network
like GSM
Wired & wireless data connectivity
(xDSL & WLAN IEEE 802.11/a/b/g
standards)
3G networks the first step towards a
convergence between both networks

6
The way to LTE: 3 main 3G limitations

1.- The maximum bit rates still are factor of 20 and more
behind the current state of the art systems like 802.11n and
802.16e/m. Even the support for higher mobility levels is not an
excuse for this.
2.- The latency of user plane traffic (UMTS: >30 ms) and of
resource assignment procedures (UMTS: >100 ms) is too big
to handle traffic with high bit rate variance efficiently.
3.- The terminal complexity for WCDMA or MC-CDMA systems
is quite high, making equipment expensive, resulting in poor
performing implementations of receivers and inhibiting the
implementation of other performance enhancements.

7
The way to the Long-Term Evolution (LTE): a 3GPP

driven initiative
LTE is 3GPP system for the years 2010 to 2020 and
beyond.
It shall especially compete with WiMAX 802.16e/m
It must keep the support for high and highest
mobility users like in GSM/UMTS networks
The architectural changes are big compared to
UMTS
LTE shall be ready for commercial launch around
2010.

8
What are the LTE challenges?

The Users expectation
..leads to the operators challenges
Best price, transparent flat rate

Full Internet
Click-bang responsiveness
reduce cost per bit

provide high data rate
provide low latency
User experience will have an

impact on ARPU
Price per Mbyte has to be reduced

to remain profitable
Throughput
Latency
Fa
cto
r
2-3
or
10
ct
Fa
HSPA
Cost per MByte
LTE
HSPA
LTE
UMTS
HSPA
I-HSPA
LTE
LTE: lower cost per bit and improved end user experience
9
Reduction of network cost is necessary to remain

profitable
Traffic volume
Traffic
Revenues and Traffic

decoupled
Profitability
/bit
Revenue
Network
cost
Time
Voice
dominated
Data
dominated
Source: Light Reading (adapted)

10
Module Contents
Why LTE?
LTE key features
LTE Summary

11
LTE = Long Term Evolution

Next step for
GSM/WCDMA/HSPA
and CDMA
A true global roaming technology
Peak data rates of 173

Mbps/58 Mbps
Enhanced consumer experience
Low latency 10-20 ms

Scalable bandwidth of
1.4 20 MHz
Easy to introduce on any

frequency band
OFDM technology
Flat, scalable IP based
Decreased cost / GB
architecture

12
Schedule for 3GPP releases

Next step for
A true global roaming technology
GSM/WCDMA/HSPA
and cdma2000
Specification:
IMS
HSDPA
UMTS Rel 99/4
2000
UMTS Rel 5
2003
MBMS
WLAN IW
HSUPA
IMS Evolution
LTE Studies
LTE & EPC
UMTS Rel 6
UMTS Rel 7
UMTS Rel 8
2005
2007
2008
2009
year
LTE have been developed by the same standardization organization. The target has been
simple multimode implementation and backwards compatibility.
HSPA and LTE have in common:
Sampling rate using the same clocking frequency
Same kind of Turbo coding
The harmonization of these parameters is important as sampling and Turbo decoding are
typically done on hardware due to high processing requirements.
WiMAX and LTE do not have such harmonization.
13
Comparison of Throughput and Latency (1/2)

Enhanced consumer experience:
Peak data rates of
173 Mbps/58 Mbps
- drives subscriber uptake

- allow for new applications
Low latency 10-20
- provide additional revenue streams
ms
350
300
Mbps
250
Max. peak data rate

Downlink
Uplink
Latency (Rountrip delay)*
200
150
GSM/
EDGE
100
HSPA
Rel6
50
0
HSPA R6
Evolved HSPA
(Rel. 7/8, 2x2
MIMO)
LTE 2x20 MHz

(2x2 MIMO)
LTE 2x20
MHz (4x4
MIMO)
HSPAevo
(Rel8)
LTE
min max
20
40
* Server near RAN

14
60
80
100
120
140
160
180
DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator)
200 ms
Comparison of Throughput and Latency (2/2)

Enhanced consumer experience:
Control plane latency

<100 ms
- drives subscriber uptake

- allow for new applications
- provide additional revenue streams
ACTIVE
IDLE
(no resources)
Resource
Allocated
No resource
< 100 ms

15
< 50 ms
Scalable
Bandwidth
Scalable bandwidth
Easy to introduce on any

frequency band: Frequency
Refarming
(Cost efficient deployment on lower
Scalable bandwidth
of 1.4 20 MHz
frequency bands supported)

Urban
2.6 GHz
LTE
UMTS
2.1 GHz
or
2.6 GHz
2.1 GHz
2006
LTE
LTE
UMTS
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
Rural
UMTS
900 MHz GSM
LTE
or

16
2006
LTE
GSM
900 MHz
2008
2010
2012
2014
2016
2018
2020
Increased Spectral Efficiency

OFDMA technology
increases Spectral
efficiency
LTE efficiency is 3 x HSPA R6 in

downlink
HSPA R7 and WiMAX have Similar
Spectral Efficiency
All cases assume 2-antenna terminal reception

HSPA R7, WiMAX and LTE assume 2-antenna BTS transmission (2x2 MIMO)
ITU contribution from

WiMAX Forum shows
downlink 1.3 and uplink 0.8
bps/Hz/cell
Reference:
- HSPA R6 and LTE R8 from 3GPP R1-071960
- HSPA R6 equalizer from 3GPP R1-063335
- HSPA R7 and WiMAX from NSN/Nokia
simulations

17
Reduced Network Complexity

Flat, scalable IP based
architecture
Flat Architecture: 2 nodes architecture

IP based Interfaces
Flat, IP based architecture

Access
Core
Control
MME
IMS
HLR/HSS
Internet
Evolved Node B
18
GateWay
LTE/SAE Requirements Summary

1.- Simplify the RAN:
- Reduce the number of different types of RAN nodes, and their
complexity.
- Minimize the number of RAN interface types.
2.- Increase throughput.
3.- Reduce latency (which is a prerequisite for CS replacement).
4.- Improve spectrum efficiency.
5.- Provide greater flexibility with regard to the frequency bands in which the
system may be deployed (Frequency Refarming)
6.- Migrate to a PS only domain in the core network.
7.- Provide efficient support for a variety of different services. Traditional CS
services will be supported via VoIP, etc.
8.- Minimise the presence of single points of failure in the network above
the evolved Node Bs (eNBs).
9.- Support inter-working with existing 3G systems and non-3GPP specified
systems in order to support handover to/from these systems.
A more detailed list of the requirements and objectives for LTE can be found
in TR25.913 from 3GPP..
19
Module Contents
Why LTE?
LTE key features
LTE Summary

20
History and Future of Wireless

1990
mobility
2000
2005
2010
time
WCDMA/cdma2000
HIGH
GSM/IS95
AMPS
3G
LTE
HSPA
3G Enhacements
3G Evolution
2G
1G
WiMAX Family
802.16a/d
LOW
WLAN Family
< 200 kbps

21
802.11
< 1 Mbps
< 10 Mbps
802.11a/b/g
< 50 Mbps
802.16e
802.11n
< 100 Mbps
data rates
< 1 Gbps
WiMAX and HSPA/LTE Technology Positioning

Spectrum
HSPA for paired FDD spectrum

LTE initially for paired FDD
spectrum
WiMAX initially for unpaired TDD
spectrum
Licenced
Licenced
FDD
FDDband
band
HSPA/LTE
HSPA/LTE
Licenced
Licenced
TDD
TDDband
band
WiMAX
WiMAX
Interworking
Tight interworking between 3GPP

technologies (HSPA, LTE) including
common network management and
handovers
Loose interworking between 3GPP
and WiMAX
GSM
WCDMA
LTE
Terminals and services
LTE terminals include GSM/HSPA for full coverage
WiMAX/LTE initially in USB modems and embedded
in laptops while GSM/HSPA supports also CS voice

HSPA/LTE/WiMAX for broadband IP services

22
Different Mobile Technologies Capability Limits

WCDMA
HSPA R6
Theoretical peak bit rate in
ideal case DL/UL
Latency (round trip)
HSPA R7
(HSPA+)
WiMAX TDD
20 MHz
14 / 5 Mbps 42 / 11 Mbps 80 / 16 Mbps
LTE R8 FDD
2x20 MHz
WLAN
802.11g/n
160 / 50
Mbps
54 Mbps
260Mbps
50 ms
30 ms
30 ms
10 ms
<5 ms
Spectral efficiency data

DL/UL [bps/Hz/cell]
0.7 / 0.4
1.4 / 0.6
1.5 / 0.6
2.1 / 0.9
<0.51.0
Spectral efficiency voice

[users/MHz/cell]
1823
30
18
4555
12
Max path loss 1 Mbps / 64 kbps
162 dB
162 dB
153 dB
162 dB
110 dB
Spectrum
IMT-2000 bands
IMT-2000 bands
2300, 2500, 3500
IMT-2000 bands
2400, 5400
Cell range in urban area

(indoor outdoor)
2.87.4 km
2.87.4 km
0.61.5 km
2.87.4 km
30100 m
All radio standards show comparable performance under comparable conditions and similar feature set:
Laws of physics apply to all of them (Shannon Theory)
User rates mainly depend on bandwidth, modulation/coding and availability of MIMO (2x2 assumed)
Spectrum Efficiency is determined by Frequency Reuse and Feature Set (e.g. FSPS, MIMO, )
Latency (e.g. PING Performance) depends on chosen Frame Duration or TTI
Coverage depends on frequency band, RF power limitations and duplex mode

23
Module Contents
Why LTE?
LTE key features
LTE Summary

24
3GPP LTE specification work completed so far
End 2004 3GPP workshop on UTRAN Long Term Evolution

March 2005
Study item started
December 2005
Multiple Access selected
March 2006
Functionality split between radio and core
September 2006 Study item closed & approval of the work items
December 2007
1st version of all radio specs approved
March 2008
3GPP Release 8 Stage 1 specifications were frozen
December 2008
3GPP Release 8 to be frozen
FEASIBILITY STUDY
2H/2005
1H/2006
Multiple Access
Decision
Japan

25
RAN/CN
functional split
2H/2006
1H/2007
Feasibility study
closed
2H/2007
Radio
specifications
approved
3GPP LTE specification schedule

2008
Demonstrate LTE
Air Interface
Japan
Performance
2009
2010
2011

26
2009
Operator Trials.
Friendly-use
networks
2010
LTE Networks
Launch:
commercial
solution available
2011 & beyond
Large Scale LTE Networks.

VoIP service optimized.
3GPP R9
2100 and 1700 MHz frequency bands selected

Additional frequency bands added (700 & 2600 MHz). Inter
RAT Mobility. LTE capable devices.
Network Sharing. Self-optimized networks. Part of 3GPP
Release 9.
Module Contents
Why LTE?
LTE key features
LTE Summary

27
NSN Network Architecture Evolution (1/4)

3GPP Rel 6 / HSPA
Internet
Node B
RNC
SGSN
GGSN
User plane
Control Plane
Original 3G architecture.
2 nodes in the RAN.
2 nodes in the PS Core Network.
Every Node introduces additional delay.
Common path for User plane and Control plane data.
Air interface based on WCDMA.
RAN interfaces based on ATM.
Option for Iu-PS interface to be based on IP.
28

3GPP Rel 7 / HSPA
SGSN
GGSN
Internet
Node B
RNC
Direct tunnel
User plane
Control Plane
Separated path for Control Plane and User Plane data in the PS
Core Network.
Direct GTP tunnel from the GGSN to the RNC for User plane data:
simplifies the Core Network and reduces Signalling.
First step towards a flat network Architecture.
30% core network OPEX and CAPEX savings with Direct Tunnel.
The SGSN still controls traffic plane handling, performs session and
mobility management, and manages paging.
Still 2 nodes in the RAN.
29

3GPP Rel 7 / Internet HSPA
SGSN
GGSN
Internet
Node B
(RNC Funct.)
Direct tunnel
User plane
Control Plane
I-HSPA introduces the first true flat architecture to WCDMA.

Standardized in 3GPP Release 7 as Direct Tunnel with collapsed
RNC.
Most part of the RNC functionalities are moved to the Node B.
Direct Tunnels runs now from the GGSN to the Node B.
Solution for cost-efficient broadband wireless access.
Improves the delay performance (less node in RAN).
Deployable with existing NSN WCDMA base stations.
Transmission savings
30

3GPP Rel 8 / LTE
MME
SAE GW
Internet
Evolved Node B
Direct tunnel
User plane
Control Plane
LTE takes the same Flat architecture from Internet HSPA.

Air interface based on OFDMA.
All-IP network.
New spectrum allocation (i.e 2600 MHz band)
Possibility to reuse spectrum (i.e. 900 MHZ)

31
NSN Network Architecture Evolution - Summary

3GPP Rel 6 / HSPA
Internet
Node B
RNC
3GPP Rel 7 / HSPA
SGSN
GGSN
SGSN
GGSN
Internet
Node B
3GPP Rel 7 / Internet HSPA
RNC
Direct tunnel
SGSN
GGSN
Internet
Node B
(RNC Funct.)
3GPP Rel 8 / LTE
Direct tunnel
MME
SAE GW
Internet
Evolved Node B
32
Direct tunnel
Module Contents
Why LTE?
LTE key features
LTE Summary

33
LTE/SAE Key Features

EPS ( Evolved Packet System ) /
SAE ( System Architecture Evolution ) /
LTE ( Long Term Evolution )
EUTRAN
( Evolved UTRAN )
EPC ( Evolved Packet Core )
IP Network
IP Network
IP Network
OFDMA/SC-FDMA
MIMO ( beam-forming/
spatial multiplexing)
Evolved Node B /
No RNC
PS Domain only,
No CS Domain
HARQ
IP Transport Layer
IP Transport Layer
Scalable bandwidth
UL/DL resource
scheduling
QoS Aware
(1.4, 3, 5, 10, .. 20 MHz)

34
QoS Aware
3GPP (GTP) or
IETF (MIPv6)
Self Configuration
Prepared for
Non-3GPP Access
LTE/SAE Key Features EUTRAN 1/2

Evolved NodeB
No RNC is provided anymore
The evolved Node Bs take over all radio management functionality.
This will make radio management faster and hopefully the network
architecture simpler
IP transport layer
EUTRAN exclusively uses IP as transport layer
UL/DL resource scheduling
In UMTS physical resources are either shared or dedicated
Evolved Node B handles all physical resource via a scheduler and assigns
them dynamically to users and channels
This provides greater flexibility than the older system
35
LTE/SAE Key Features EUTRAN 2/2

QoS awareness
The scheduler must handle and distinguish different quality of service
classes
Otherwise real time services would not be possible via EUTRAN
The system provides the possibility for differentiated service
Self configuration
Currently under investigation
Possibility to let Evolved Node Bs configure themselves
It will not completely substitute the manual configuration and optimization.

36
LTE/SAE Key Features EPC (Evolved Packet Core)
Packet Switched Domain only

No circuit switched domain is provided
If CS applications are required, they must be implemented via IP
Only one mobility management for the UE in LTE.
3GPP (GTP) or IETF (MIPv6) option
The EPC can be based either on 3GPP GTP protocols (similar to PS
domain in UMTS/GPRS) or on IETF Mobile IPv6 (MIPv6)
Non-3GPP access
The EPC will be prepared also to be used by non-3GPP access networks
(e.g. LAN, WLAN, WiMAX, etc.)
This will provide true convergence of different packet radio access system

37
Module Contents
Why LTE?
LTE key features
LTE Summary

38
Multiple Access Methods

TDMA
Time Division
User 2
User 1
User 3
User ..
OFDMA
FDMA
CDMA
Frequency Division
Code Division
Frequency Division
Orthogonal subcarriers
s
e
d
co
OFDM is the state-of-the-art and most efficient and robust air interface
39
LTE/SAE Air Interface 1/3

OFDMA
Downlink multiplexing
Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Acces
Receiver complexity is at a reasonable level
it supports various modulation schemes from BPSK, QPSK,
16QAM to 64 QAM.
SC-FDMA
Uplink multiplexing
Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access, a variant
of OFDMA
The advantage against OFDMA to have a lower PAPR
(Peak-to-Average Power Ratio) meaning less power
consumption and less expensive RF amplifiers in the
terminal.
40
64QAM
Modulation

MIMO
Multiple Input Multiple Output
LTE will support MIMO as an option,
It describes the possibility to have multiple transmitter
and receiver antennas in a system.
Up to four antennas can be used by a single LTE cell
(gain: spatial multiplexing)
MIMO is considered to be the core technology to increase
spectral efficiency.
HARQ
Hybrid Automatic Retransmission on reQuest
HARQ has already been used for HSDPA and HSUPA.
HARQ especially increases the performance (delay and
throughput) for cell edge users.
HARQ simply implements a retransmission protocol on
layer 1/layer 2 that allows to send retransmitted blocks
with different coding than the first one.
41
TX
RX
Tx
MIMO
Channel
HARQ Hybrid
Automatic
Repeat Request
Rx

Scalable bandwidth
LTE air interface allows to drive cells with
1.4 MHz, 3 MHz, 5 MHz, 10MHz & 20 MHz.
This gives the required flexibility for
operators to use spectrum allocations not
available to a non-scalable wide-band or
ultra-wide-band system.
scalable
DL: OFDMA
UL: SC-FDMA

42
Requirements for LTE Air Interface

OFDMA (Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access)
HSDPA (Rel6)
Target
SAE/LTE
Peak Bit Rate

(Mbps)
14.4
> 100
144
Spectral
Efficiency
(bps/Hz/cell)
0.75
3..4 times
HSDPA
1.84
DOWNLINK
UPLINK
SC-FDMA (Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access)

43
HSUPA (Rel6)
Target
SAE/LTE
Peak Bit Rate

(Mbps)
5.67
> 50
57
Spectral
Efficiency
(bps/Hz/cell)
0.26
2..3 times
HSUPA
0.67
SC-FDMA is technically close to OFDMA, but is more power efficient

Module Contents
Why LTE?
LTE key features
LTE Summary

44

Is a collaboration agreement that was established in
December 1998. The collaboration agreement brings
together a number of telecommunications standards
bodies :ARIB, CCSA, ETSI, ATIS, TTA, and TTC.
More in www.3gpp.org
Next Generation Mobile Networks. Is a group of mobile
operators, to provide a coherent vision for technology
evolution beyond 3G for the competitive delivery of
broadband wireless services.
More in www.ngmn.org
LSTI
45
LTE/SAE Trial Initiative. Is was founded in may 2007

by a group of leading telecommunications companies.
Its aim is to prove the potential and benefits that the
LTE technology can offer.
Network Architecture
TS 23.401
TS 23.402
TR 23.882
General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) enhancements for Long Term Evolution (LTE) access
3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): Architecture enhancements for non-3GPP accesses
3GPP system architecture evolution (SAE): Report on technical options and conclusions
Evolved Packet Core
TR 29.803
TR 29.804
3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): CT WG4 aspects

3GPP System Architecture Evolution (SAE): CT WG3 aspects
Evolved UTRAN
TS 36.101
TS 36.104
TS 36.141
TS 36.201
TS 36.211
TS 36.212
TS 36.213
TS 36.214
TS 36.300
TS 36.302
TS 36.304
TS 36.306
TS 36.321
TS 36.322
TS 36.323
TS 36.331
TS 36.401
TS 36.410
TS 36.411
TS 36.412
TS 36.413
TS 36.414
TS 36.420
TS 36.421
TS 36.422
TS 36.423
TS 36.424
TS 36.508
TS 36.521-1
TS 36.521-2
TS 36.523-1
TS 36.523-2
TS 36.523-3
TR 36.801
TR 36.803
TR 36.804
TR 36.938
TR 36.942
User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception

Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception
Base Station (BS) conformance testing
Physical layer; General description
Physical channels and modulation
Multiplexing and channel coding
Physical layer procedures
Physical layer; Measurements
EUTRAN Overall description; Stage 2
Services provided by the physical layer
User Equipment (UE) procedures in idle mode
User Equipment (UE) radio access capabilities
Medium Access Control (MAC) protocol specification
Radio Link Control (RLC) protocol specification
Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) specification
Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol specification
Architecture description
S1 general aspects and principles
S1 layer 1
S1 signalling transport
S1 Application Protocol (S1 AP)
S1 data transport
X2 general aspects and principles
X2 layer 1
X2 signalling transport
X2 Application Protocol (X2AP)
X2 data transport
Common test environments for User Equipment (UE) conformance testing
User Equipment (UE) conformance specification Radio transmission and reception Part 1: conformance testing
User Equipment (UE) conformance specification Radio transmission and reception Part 2: ICS
User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 1: Protocol conformance specification
User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 2: ICS
User Equipment (UE) conformance specification; Part 3: ATS
Measurement Requirements
User Equipment (UE) radio transmission and reception
Base Station (BS) radio transmission and reception
Improved network controlled mobility between LTE and 3GPP2/mobile WiMAX radio technologies
Evolved Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (E-UTRA); Radio Frequency (RF) system scenarios
3GPP LTE/SAE
Specification
Series

46
NGMN Consortium

47
LSTI (LTE-SAE Trial Initiative)

- joint test bed for LTE worldwide
.. active parties within LSTI

LSTI initiatives goals/objectives
Schedule & Program Office:
demonstrate feasibility and

capabilities of 3GPP LTE-SAE
technology under real world
conditions. Indoor & outdoor tests
2007
2008
Test of OFDM Air Interface
accelerate development of 3GPP

specification by identifying
shortcomings out of test phases
reduce risk of market introduction of

new LTE-SAE technology
IODT
2010
Proof of Concept
Test of basic
functions
Interoperability
IOT
Friendly customer
trials
Public Relation work

48
2009
Trials
PR
Module Contents
Why LTE?
LTE key features
LTE Summary

49
Overview of LTE/SAE design benefits

Flat Overall Architecture
2-node architecture
All-IP
Improved Radio Principles
peak data rates [Mbps ]: 173 DL , 58 UL
Scalable BW: 1.4, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20 MHz
Short latency: 10 20 ms
New Core Architecture
Simplified Protocol Stack
Simple, more efficient QoS

50
Access
Core
LTE BTS
(eNodeB)
MME/GW
OFDMA in DL
SC-FDMA in UL
eUtran
IMS
HLR/HS
S
RF Modulation:
RAN
Control
MME
GW
Appendix

51
The right solution for each segment

W-CDMA/HSPA
For operators with 3G spectrum
WiMAX
LTE
Broad terminal eco system
Fixed or mobile network operators with WiMAX

spectrum
Mainstream; 3G evolution leverage large

installed 3G base
High data security and QoS
Device eco system started to evolve
Quick and cost-effective upgrade

of existing networks
Optimized wireless-DSL services
Utilizes 2G and 3G spectrum efficient refarming with flexible bandwidth
High capacity and low latency
Broad terminal eco system expected
Seamless 2G/3G handover

global coverage, global roaming
Flat and IP based architecture
Highest capacity, lowest latency
Short term availability
Very flat and IP based architecture
Proven technology
High speed data rates

with full mobility
52
High speed data with

limited mobility
Broadband multimedia
with full mobility

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LTE/SAE Overview

LTE/SAE Fundamentals Course

For public use IPR applies

LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

Nokia Siemens Networks Academy

For public use IPR applies

LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

Understand the reasons driving to the LTE/SAE project.

LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

For public use IPR applies

LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

For public use IPR applies

LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

A little bit of History

years in telecommunication brought available

For public use IPR applies

LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

The way to LTE: 3 main 3G limitations

For public use IPR applies

LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

The way to the Long-Term Evolution (LTE): a 3GPP

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LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

What are the LTE challenges?

..leads to the operators challenges

Best price, transparent flat rate

reduce cost per bit

User experience will have an

Price per Mbyte has to be reduced

Cost per MByte

LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

Reduction of network cost is necessary to remain

Revenues and Traffic

Source: Light Reading (adapted)

LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

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LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

LTE = Long Term Evolution

A true global roaming technology

Peak data rates of 173

Enhanced consumer experience

Low latency 10-20 ms

Easy to introduce on any

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LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

Schedule for 3GPP releases

A true global roaming technology

LTE & EPC

LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

Comparison of Throughput and Latency (1/2)

Peak data rates of

173 Mbps/58 Mbps

- drives subscriber uptake

Low latency 10-20

- provide additional revenue streams

Max. peak data rate

Latency (Rountrip delay)*

LTE 2x20 MHz

* Server near RAN

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LTE/SAE Overview / Jose Maria Anarte / v 1.0 / Document Number

DSL (~20-50 ms, depending on operator)

Comparison of Throughput and Latency (2/2)

Control plane latency