Professional Documents
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Population Size
Population size: The number of people in a given geography at a
given time.
U.S., Florida, and Leon County Population 1960-2000
1960
US
FL
LC
1970
1980
1990
2000
6,789,443
9,746,324
12,937,926
15,982,378
74,225
103,047
148,665
192,493
239,452
Population Distribution
Population distribution: The location of population across
geography/space.
Major shifts in population distribution occurred in the Twentieth
Century in the United States:
--Concentration: Movement from Rural to Urban/Metro Areas
--Deconcentration: Movement from Central Cities to Suburbs
--Migration from the Rust Belt to the Sun Belt
Planners are particularly interested in these changes and their
impacts on the built and natural environments.
These macro-level changes have tremendous impacts upon
communities of all sizes and in all areas of the United States.
Concentration Illustrated
Deconcentration Illustrated
Population Composition
Population composition: The characteristics of the
population.
Among those characteristics of interest to demographers and
planners are:
--Age
--Sex
--Race/Ethnicity
Again, the United States experienced many changes in these
attributes throughout the Twentieth Century:
--An aging population
--The rise of women
--An increasingly racially and ethnically diverse
population
Population Pyramids
One way of looking at changes in the composition of a population
is through Population Pyramids.
Population pyramids show the composition of a population by age
and sex (percent population in all age-sex cohorts)
These pyramids typically show the following:
--Males on left side/Females on the right side
--Age groups as individual cohorts going from youngest on
the bottom to oldest on the top
These pyramids can be done for different geographies and/or
different racial and ethnic groups.
Pop 1990
15,982,378
12,937,926
=
3,044,452
Percent Change: The relative growth rate over a period of time
calculated as a percentage using the formula: [(New-Old)/Old] *100
Floridas Percent Population Change 1990-2000
(Pop2000-Pop1990)/Pop1990*100
(15,982,378- 12,937,926)
* 100 = 23.53%
12,937,926
1980
1990
2000
Florida
%Chg
1970
74,225
13.3%
11.5%
9.8%
13.2%
6,789,443
9,746,324
12,937,926
15,982,378
37.1%
43.6%
32.7%
23.5%
103,047
148,665
192,493
239,452
38.8%
44.3%
29.5%
24.4%
Leon Co
%Chg
Florida and Leon County grew at much faster rates than the
Fertility Component
Fertility: The number of births that occur to an individual or in a
population.
Fecundity: The physiological ability of individuals or couples to have
children. Maximum fecundity for a population is believed to be 15
children.
Another key concept is the at-risk population. Only a certain subset
of the population is at-risk for fertility Women aged 12-50
Factors that affect fertility include:
1) Gender (Duh!)
4) Socioeconomic status
2) Age
5) Others Religion, Culture, Education
3) Race/Ethnicity
Common calculations related to fertility include:
1) Total Fertility Rate: Average # of children in a synthetic family
2) General Fertility Rate: #Births per 1000 women of childbearing age
3) Crude Birth Rate: # Births/Midyear Population
Mortality Component
Mortality: Analyzes the number and causes of deaths in a population.
Life Span: The upper limit to human lives is theorized to be
somewhere around 120, although there are reports of some people
living as long as 135 years.
Factors affecting mortality include:
1) Age (J-curve)
4) Race/Ethnicity
2) Gender
5) Modernity
3) Socioeconomic status
Common calculations related to mortality include:
1) Overall Death Rate: Deaths per 1000 population
2) Crude Death Rate: # Deaths/Midyear Population
3) Age-Sex-Race specific survival rates: The likelihood that an
individual with certain characteristics will survive the year
4) Life Expectancy: The expected number of years an individual will
live if they were to live their entire life right now.
In 1900~30 (worldwide)
By 2000~70 (worldwide)
Mortality
Low
High
Low
USA, Japan,
W. Europe, Aus.
None
High
Southern Africa,
Latin Amer.
Asia (parts)
Northern Africa,
Asia (parts)
Fertility
Migration Component
Migration: The movement of people into and out of a certain area.
Migration can occur at all geographic levels.
1) Neighborhood
2) Within a county
3) Across states: Out-migration versus In-migration
4) To a different country: Emigration (out of a country) versus
Immigration (into a country)
Migration in the United States:
Approximately 20% of Americans move per year
Americans move about 11 times over their lifetimes (on average)
Factors affecting migration include
1) Age
2) Gender
3) Socioeconomic Status
4) Race and Ethnicity