TOWN PLANNING

NIMISHA
SAMADHIYA

WHAT IS TOWN PLANNING ?

An attempt to formulate the principles that
should guide
us in creating a civilized physical background
for human
life whose main impetus is thus foreseeing
OR
and guiding
An art of shaping and guiding the physical growth
change.
of the
town creating buildings and environments to meet
the
various needs such as social, cultural, economic
and
recreational etc. and to provide healthy conditions
for both

Improveme
nt of life
quality

Well
balanced
social &
economic
developme
nt

TOWN
PLANNI
NG
Rational
use of land

Responsible
administrati
on of
resources
&
environmen
t protection

The simplest definition of urban planning is that it

is the
organization of all elements of a town or other
urban
environment.
Town
planning

Physical

Social

Cultural

Economic

Political

Ecological

Built
environment

Mans
interrelations
hip &
behavior

Spiritual
environment

Financial
environment

Ideological
environment

Natural
environment

ROLE OF PLANNERS
Consider human communities are always in the
process of
changing
Recognize the complexity of communities
Concern about the future.

Growth of the
city

MS & OBJECTIVES OF TOWN PLANNIN

HEALTH

CONVENIENCE

BEAUTY

to create and
promote healthy
conditions and
environments for
all the people.
to make right
use of the land
for the right
purpose by
zoning
to ensure orderly
development
to avoid
encroachment of
one zone over
the other

social, economic,
cultural and
recreational
amenities etc.
Recreational
amenities - open
spaces, parks,
gardens &
playgrounds,
town halls
Stadiums,
community
centers, cinema
houses, and
theatres.

To preserve the
individuality of
the town.
To preserve the
aesthetics in the
design of all
elements of town
or city plan.

WHAT IS URBAN DESIGN ?

Urban designis the process of designing and shaping
cities, towns and villages. In contrast to architecture,
which focuses on the design of individual buildings,
urban design deals with the larger scale of groups of
buildings, streets and public spaces, whole
neighborhoods and districts, and entire cities, with the
goal ofdesign
makingtheorydeals
urban areasprimarily
functional,
attractive,
and
Urban
with
the design
and
sustainable. ofpublic spaceand the way public places
management
are experienced and used. Public space includes the
totality of spaces used freely on a day-to-day basis by
the general public, such as streets, plazas, parks and
public infrastructure. Some aspects of privately owned
spaces, such as building facades or domestic gardens,
also contribute to public space and are therefore also
considered by urban design theory.

DIFFERENCE
URBAN
DESIGN
urban design can be
argued to relate to the
proactive design of
urban areas.

urban design focuses on

the design, quality,
character and
appearance of places,
including buildings and
the spaces between
them.

TOWN
PLANNI
NG

urban planning tends, to

focus on the
management of private
development through
established regulatory
planning methods and
programs, and other
statutory development
controls.
Planning also relates to
the uses to which those
places and spaces are
put, and the ways in
which they relate to
each other.

HISTORY OF TOWN PLANNING IN INDIA

Distinct characteristics of urban planning from
remains of the cities ofHarappa,Lothal, andMohenjodaroin theIndus Valley Civilization lead archeologists
to conclude that they are the earliest examples of
deliberately planned and managed cities.

CHARACTERSTICS:-

The streets of many of these early cities were

paved and laid out at right angles in agrid
pattern, with a hierarchy of streets.
Archaeologicalevidence suggests that many
Harappa houses were laid out to protect from
noise and enhance residential privacy; many also
had their own water wells, probably for both
sanitary and ritual purposes.
These ancient cities were unique in that they
often had drainage systems, seemingly tied to a

INDUS VALLEY CIVILIZATION

Earliest civilizations in
Indus Valley was
discovered in 1856 by a
railroad crew.
-Harappa
-Mohenjo-Daro or Hill of
the
Dead
-Both cities shared urban
design
and architectural
The
most important
features.
feature
of in
this
civilization
-3 miles
circumference
were
carefullyof
with the
populations
planned
40,000. cities.

 Originating around 2500

B.C.E. the thriving
civilizations survived for
around 500 years.
Both Harappa and
Mohenjo-Daro, two of the
largest among 500 sites,
were three miles in
circumference with
To
the north
is apeople.
citadel or raised area. In Mohenjoaround
40,000
Daro, the citadel is built on an architectural
platform about 45 feet above the plain.
On the summit was a huge communal bath. Next to
the large bath was a huge open spacea granary
where food was stored from possible floods.
Fortified walls mark the southeast corner.

MOHENJO-DARO AND
TheHARAPPA
lower city was laid out
in a gridiron with the main
streets about 45 feet wide.
Private houses, almost
every one with its own well,
bathing space, and toilet
consisting of a brick seat
over a drainage area.
Brick-lined drains flushed
by water carried liquid and
solid waste to sumps, where
it was carted away,
probably to fertilize nearby
fields.

The town plan was regular.

Even fire-baked bricks were
uniform in size and shape.
The regularity of plan and
construction suggests a
government with
organization and
bureaucratic capacity.
No monumental
architecture clearly marks
the presence of a palace or
temple.
There is little sign of social
stratification in the plan or
buildings.

SITE
PLAN

AERIAL VIEW OF THE

CITY

SITE
PLAN

GREAT BATH &

CITADEL