PROCESS

INSTRUMENTAION
LESSON-2
LEVEL MEASUREMENT

PRINCIPLE OF
MEASUREMENT

LEVEL MEASUREMENT

DIRECT METHODS
This is simplest method of measuring liquid level, the level
of liquid is measured directly by level indicators
Hook type indicator
Sight Glass
Float Type

DIRECT METHOD

SIGHT-GLASS METHOD

SIGHT GLASS METHOD

LEVEL GUAGES
Some

times it become necessary to

accurately measure very small changes in
liquid levels in open tanks of containers
In large tanks or reservoirs a small change
in level would mean large volumetric
changes
Such applications a simple Hook gauge is
quite suitable

HOOK GAUGE
A

vertical tubular rod is provided to a

Vernier scale to be clamped at suitable
height at the upper end
This rod moves in a guide bracket fixed
rigid body at the datum

HOOK GAUGE

FLOAT GAUGE
A

floating body, because of its buoyancy

would always follow the varying liquid
levels
A float type gauge therefore capable of
measuring continuous and direct liquid
levels
Generally floats are hollow metal spheres.
Cylindrical ceramic disc shape synthetic
materials

FLOAT TYPE GAUGE

FLOAT

FLOAT AND SHAFT GAUGE

The

motion of the float on the surface of

he liquid is transferred to the shaft and
level is indicated by pointer on dial

FLOAT AND SHAFT GAUGE

FLOAT TYPE
Low

cost & reliable designs

Operate large temperature range
Choice of anti-corrosion materials
They are tailored to tank geometry
Limited moderate pressures

ELECTRICAL METHODS
There

are many electrical methods for

measuring & indicating liquid level in
industries
Most commonly used methods are

Capacitance level indicators

Radiation level detectors

CAPACITANCE LEVEL GAUGE

CAPACITIVE PROBE

CAPACITIVE

CAPACITANCE LEVEL
It

is very useful in small systems

It is very sensitive
There are no moving parts
Suitable for continuous indication
Good for slurries
Anti-corrosive probe materials available
Affected by dirt & contaminants
Sensitive to temperature changes

INDIRECT METHODS

DIFFERENTIAL

INDIRECT METHODS

HYDROSTATIC PRESSURE

BUBBLER SYSTEMS

BUBBLER METHOD

BUBBLER SYSTEM

RADIATION MEASUREMENT

RADIATION BASE LEVEL

RADIATION BASE

RADIATION

ULTRASONIC LEVEL GAUGE

ULTRASONIC
Sound

waves are directed towards free

surface of liquid under test from an
ultrasound transmitter
These waves get reflected and received
by receiver
Operating principle is simple
But very expensive and require high skill
in operation

ULTRASONIC

ULTRASONIC LEVEL GAUGES

ULTRASONIC GAUGE

ULTRASONIC

RADAR MEASUREMENT

RADAR

RADAR LEVEL
MEASUREMENT

MAGNETOSTICTIVE

WEIGHING METHOD

WEIGHT BASE LEVEL

NUCLEONIC GAUGE
Principle

is absorption of gamma rays

varies with the thickness of the absorbing
material between the source and detector
The output is measured & correlated with
the level of liquid by equation as follow

NUCLEONIC GAUGE

NUCLEONIC

DENSITY MEASUREMENT

SELECTION TABLE

SELECTION TABLE

SERVICING
The

primary reason to service instruments

are to reduce plant down time and make
sure instruments give accurate readings
Servicing sight glasses
Guide cable & pulley in float type
Lubrication in moving parts
Checking transmitter output

THANK YOU