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Class XII

Teacher : Alinda

Ivanov

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Why Castles of
Great Britain ?
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Arhitecture
There was a large degree of variation in the size and
exact shape of the castles built in England and Wales
after the invasion (norman invasion ) . One popular form
of castle was the motte and bailey, in which earth would
be piled up into a mound (called a motte) to support a
wooden tower, and a wider enclosed area built alongside
it (called a bailey)
The size of these castles varied depending on the
geography of the site, the decisions of the builder and the
available resources.Analysis of the size of mottes has shown
some distinctive regional variation .
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 Motte and Bailey

Palace-fortresses

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Castles of England
1.
2.
3.
4.

Chepstow Castle
The Tower of London
Bodiam Castle
Windsor Castle

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Chepstow Castle
Is one of the earliest stone castles in
Britain, and its design heavily influenced
later castles
The first castle at Chepstow was erected in
1067 by William fitz Osbern, a Norman
follower of William the Conqueror
Fitz Osbern wanted a castle to control the
main river crossing over the Wye, on the
main route into Wales
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The Tower of London

The Tower began its life as a simple
timber and stone enclosure. The original
structure was completed by the addition of
a ditch and palisade along the north and
west sides. This enclosure then received a
structure of stone, which came to be
called The Great Tower and eventually
The White Tower, as we know it today.
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 The White Tower formed the basis of a

residential palace and fortress suited for a
king or queen. As history has shown to its
occupants, the Tower of London became the
perfect all-purpose complex.
The Tower of London has been used as a
fortress to protect a prison, used to imprison
(for many an accused, it was the last sight
they saw on earth), as a home for kings and
queens, and as a royal mint and treasury.
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 The Tower of London is the oldest palace,

fortress and prison in Europe. History has it that
King Edward of England backed down on his
promise to give the throne to William, Duke of
Normandy and ended up giving the throne to
Harold Godwinson, his English brother in law

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Bodiam Castle
Bodiam Castle is a quadrangular castle
located near Robertsbridge in East Sussex,
England. It is said to be a perfect example of
a late medieval moated castle. While not
large enough to garrison many soldiers, the
castle was ideally suited for defense against
a militant rural populace after the English
Peasants Revolt and for the entertainment of
foreign merchants or dignitaries.
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 It was built in 1385 by Sir Edward

Dalyngrigge, a former knight of Edward III,
supposedly at the request of Richard II in
order to defend the surrounding area from
French invasion

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Windsor Castle
Windsor Castle, in Windsor in the English
county of Berkshire, is the largest inhabited
castle in the world and, dating back to the time of
William the Conqueror, is the oldest in
continuous occupation. The castles floor area is
approximately 484,000 square feet (44,965
square metres).
Most of the Kings and Queens of England, later
Kings and Queens of Great Britain, and later still
kings and queens of the Common wealth realms,
have had a direct influence on the construction
and evolution of the castle, which has been their
garrison fortress, home, official palace, and
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 When the country has been at peace, the

castle has been expanded by the
additions of large and grand apartments;
when the country has been at war, the
castle has been more heavily fortified.

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Scottish castles
1. Caerlaverock Castle
2. Edinburgh Castle
3. Urquhart Castle

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Caerlaverock Castle
Caerlaverock Castle is a moated triangular castle first
built in the 13th century. It is located on the southern
coast of Scotland, 11 kilometres (6.8 mi) south
of Dumfries, on the edge of the Caerlaverock National
Nature Reserve. Caerlaverock was a stronghold of
the Maxwell family from the 13th century until the 17th
century when the castle was abandoned.
It was besieged by the English during the Wars of
Scottish Independence, and underwent several partial
demolitions and reconstructions over the 14th and 15th
centuries. In the 17th century, the Maxwells were
created Earls of Nithsdale, and built a new lodging within
the walls, described as among "the most ambitious early
classical domestic architecture in Scotland"
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 The new ranges were completed around 1634, but

further religious turmoil soon turned against the Catholic
Maxwells. In 1640 the Protestant Covenanter army
besieged Caerlaverock for 13 weeks, eventually forcing
its surrender. The south wall and tower were
demolished, and the castle was never repaired or
reoccupied.
Caerlaverock Castle is within the Nith Estuary National
Scenic Area, protected for its scenic qualities, with the
castle recognised as a landmark of the area. The castle
is at the northern edge of the Caerlaverock National
NatureReserve, which extends to 55 square kilometres
and consists of saltmarsh, mudflats and grazing land. It
is an internationally important wintering site for waterfowl
and wading birds, including the Barnacle Goose.
Today, the castle is in the care of Historic Scotland and is
a popular tourist attraction. It is protected as a schedule
monument, and as a category A listed building.
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Edinburgh Castle
Edinburgh Castle is a historic fortress which dominates
the skyline of the city of Edinburgh, Scotland from its
position on the Castle Rock. Archaeologists have
established human occupation of the rock since at least
the Iron Age (2nd century AD), although the nature of the
early settlement is unclear.
The castle has become a recognisable symbol of
Edinburgh, and of Scotland. It appears, in stylised form,
on the coats of arm of the City of Edinburgh and
the University of Edinburgh.

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Urquhart Castle
Urquhart Castle sits beside Loch Ness in
the Highlands of Scotland. The castle is on
the A82 Road, 21 kilometres (13 mi) south-west
of Invernes and 2 kilometres (1.2 mi) east of the
village of Drumnadrochit.
The present ruins date from the 13th to the 16th
centuries, though built on the site of an early
medieval fortification
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 The castle, situated on a headland overlooking Loch

Ness, is one of the largest in Scotland in area
The name Urquhart derives from the 7th-century
form Airdchartdan, itself a mix of Gaelic air (by) and Old
Welsh cardden (thicket or wood). Pieces
of vitrified stone, subjected to intense heat and
characteristic of early medieval fortification, had been
discovered at Urquhart from the early 20th century.

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Castles of Northern Ireland

1. Belfast Castle
2. Shane's Castle in Ireland

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Belfast Castle
Belfast Castle is set on the slopes of Cavehill
Country Park, Belfast,Northen IIrleand in a
prominent position 400 feet (120 m) above sea
level. Its location provides unobstructed views of
the city of Belfast and Belfast Lough.
It is a 19th Century Scottish Baronial style
mansion sitting in a prominent position in
Cavehill Country Park. It has spectacular views
out across Belfast Lough and the city.
Belfast Castle was built in 1862 to replace an
earlier castle in the city centre which was
destroyed by fire.
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 The castle sits in its own formally

landscaped gardens, including the
Cat Garden. Tradition has it that good
fortune will come to those who visit
the castle, as long as the castle has
a resident white cat. The Cat Garden
celebrates that will no fewer than nine depictions of the cat
in paving, sculpture
and garden furniture.

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Shane's Castle in Ireland

Shane's Castle was named after the grandfather of Brian
O'Neill, whose name was Shane McBrien O'Neill, the
Castle is currently occupied by Lord O'Neill near
Randalstown, on Lough Neagh, County Antrim, Northern
Ireland.
The Story of Shane's Castles BANSHEE! So it goes in
legendery olden times an O'Neill assisted McQuillan in a
raid, and found a white heifer whose horns were tangled
in a tree with thorns

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Stones in the road?

I save every single
one,
and one day I`ll build
a castle.
Fernando Pessoa
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