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systems
Characteristics of transaction
processing systems
Transaction: event generating or modifying stored data
in an info sys.
Batch transaction processing collects transaction data
as a group/batch
Real-time transaction processing: immediate data
processing
Data Validation: used to check entry of transaction data
Historical significance of transaction processing
systems: UNIVAC
Manual transaction systems: business systems that
operate without the use of machines.
TPS Characteristics
They collect, store, modify and
retrieve the transaction of an
organisation.
Directly support business operations
Must be designed in conjunction w/
the organisations procedures.
Main information processes:
collecting and storage.
4 important characteristics
Rapid response (fast performance, rapid
response time)
Reliability (low failure rate, quick and
accurate recovery, backup and recovery
procedures)
Inflexibility (every transaction processed in
same way regardless of conditions)
Controlled processing (supports an
organisations operations)
Large batch
Mainframe PC and magnetic tape
Payroll or stock info
Employee: hours worked, overtime
earned
Payroll master file updated
Pay slips created (ALL employees)
3 disadvantages in batch
processing
Processing schedule predetermined
Errors unable to be corrected during
processing
Sorting transaction data expensive
and time consuming
Data validation
Used to check the entry of transaction
data.
Procedures ensure transactions are
correct and have been accurately
stored in the database.
Involves transaction initiation and
field checking.
Components of a transaction
processing system
Users: take data and use it in another
info system type
Participants: conduct info processing
People (from the environment):
directly enter transactions and
perform validation
UPC/quantity
Server
Inventory
database
MIS
POS system
UPC/quantity
UPC
Price
Product
Database
Purchase
database
Inventory
report
Data warehousing
Data warehouse: collects info from
different data sources
Backup procedures
Backup: another copy of data
Recovery processes include backup,
journal, checkpoint and recovery
manager
2 types of recovery
Backward recovery: back out or undo
unwanted changes
Forward recovery: redo changes
Updating in a batch
Originally feasible: details were stored on
punch cards or magnetic tape
2 stages collecting and processing of
transaction data into file & updating master
file
Sequential access: data accessed in a
sequence. Time consuming.
Information technology: magnetic tape
Hardware
MICR (Magnetic ink character
recognition): used by banks to read
account numbers on cheques
ATM (Automatic teller machine):
banking terminal performing deposits
and withdrawals
Barcode readers: used in retail to
collect product information
Forms
Document used to collect data from a
person
Examples include sign-on sheet for
payroll.
On-screen forms: populates fields in
a database
Web forms: used to purchase items
over the internet
Nature of work
Non-computer procedures
Bias
Importance of data
Control in transaction processing
Nature of work
Automation of jobs: the use of
information technology to perform
tasks once performed by people
People as participants: resulted in
fewer jobs in banks. People are
purchasing products by completing a
web form.
Importance of data
Data security: involves series of
safeguards to protect data
Encryption: coding data
Decryption: changing it back
Firewalls: used on networks to verify
and authenticate all incoming data
Data integrity
Describes reliability of data.
Involves accuracy, currency and
relevance of data
ACID test
Atomicity: all steps involved in transaction
completed successfully as a group
Consistency: transaction successfully
transforms the system and database from
one valid state to another
Isolation: transaction is processed
concurrently with other transactions. As if
only transaction executing the system
Durability: all changes transaction makes to
database become permanent
by Julian Carpo