IRAT Handover Optimization Project

IRAT Handover Optimization
Project
Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)
Background
P3 IRAT Handover Strategy
P4 IRAT Handover
P3 IRAT Handover Strategy analysis
Test cases
Test Results
Additional Analysis and the way forward
dd MMMM yyyy, Speaker, Path/Filename, Classifcation (Menu View, Header and Footer)
Agenda
Background P3 IRAT Handover

Strategy
Perform IRAT as soon as 3G gets below -101 dBm
GSM
UMTS and GSM
Coverage
-80
-95
UMTS
Coverage
UMTS
GSM
not
Satisfed
ready
Satisfed
e3a
e3a
e2f
-97
-98
-100
e2d
RSCP
1
0
1
CM
IRAT based on RSCP only
Background P3 IRAT Handover
Almost 30% of all active connections end in 2G

Total Drop rate = 0.5%
Total drop rate due to IRAT Handover failure = 0.05%
IRAT based on RSCP only and Immediate handover
Background P4 IRAT
Handover
IRAT based on Ec/No or RSCP or UeTx Power (Uplink and Downlink
Ue Tx Power
uplink
downlink
CPICH RSCP
CPICH Ec/No
CONNECTION QUALITY MONITORING
Configurable
thresholds for
event triggering
Ec/No
bad
good
RSCP
bad
good
UeTxPwr
good
bad
quality = good if all

measurement items are
good
quality = bad if at least
one measurement is bad
Monitoring)
RSCP: Typically Indoor or coverage

border area
Ec/No: Typically Polluted or high traffic

RSSI
area
(Interferen
ce)
RSSI
(Interferen
ce)
RSCP
(Signa
Thermal
l)
Noise
Better Ec/No but

poor RSCP
Good RSCP
Thermal everywhere but
Noise bad Ec/No
RSCP (Signal)
P4: HSDPA ->

check
maxTxPowerDl
and cpich
settings
UeTx Power: Typically high Ul

Interference
P4:
384/HSDPA
P5: E-UL
Background P4 IRAT
Handover
IRAT based on RSCP or Ec/No or UeTx Power
HSDPA Margin
Admission
(R99)
Power
availabl
e
for
traffic
Margin
Ec/No=CPICH - L - (IN + OUT +

TH)
Ec/No = CPICH - L - IN = CPICH - L - (TotTxPower - L) = CPICH
- TotTxPower
Ec/No = CPICH - TotTxPower + HsdpaMargin
Ec/No = CPICH - TotTxPower + AdmissionMargin
(primaryCpichPowermaximumTransmissionPower+hsPowerMargin)/10
>
Total
TX
Power
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo-hysteresis2d/4
Common
Channel
Power
Check to be performed on all

P4 cells

Analysis
IRAT based on RSCP only and
immediate handover policy
Ec/No power triggering is almost
disabled by setting the 2d threshold to
the maximum
UeTx power triggering is disabled by
setting the relative flter coefficient to
its maximum
gsmThresh3a
hysteresis2d
hysteresis2f
hysteresis3a
usedFreqThresh2dRscp
usedFreqThresh2dRscpDrnc
usedFreqRelThresh2fRscp
utranRelThresh3aRscp
TimeToTrigger2dRscp
TimeToTrigger2fRscp
TimeToTrigger3a
timeTrigg6a
timeTrigg6b
utranFilterCoefficient3
gsmFilterCoefficient3
flterCoefficient1
flterCoefficient2
flterCoeff6
ueTxP owerThresh6a
ueTxP owerThresh6b
usedFreqThresh2dEcNo
usedFreqThresh2dEcNoDrnc
usedFreqRelThresh2fEcNo
utranRelThresh3aEcNo
TimeToTrigger2dEcNo
TimeToTrigger2fEcNo
utranRelThreshRscp
M RSL
-95
4
4
0
-100
-100
2
20
200
1280
4 (60)
320
1280
1
1
3
3
19
21
18
-24
-24
1
-1
200
1280
5
Enter Compress M ode For RSCP

Exit Compress M ode for RSCP
Handover for RSCP
-101
-97
-80
Enter Compress M ode for EcNo

Exit Compress M ode for EcNo
Handover for EcNo
-25
-22
-25
Enter Compress mode for UeTx

Exit Compress M ode for UeTx
Handover for UeTx (RSCP )
21
18
-75
P 3/P 4 P olicy

Analysis
ClassA: 2d events which are followed by either IRAT Handover
or event 2f or dropped call
ClassB: 2d events which are not followed by any event or
dropped call (most likely 2d events on short RRC connection
for registration)
2d Event count
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
P3 Policy
ClassA 2d Events (All RABs)
ClassB 2d Events (All RABs)
We split 2d events in 2 classes:
reporting ClassA 2d
events
Averall Performance Statistics
Only almost half of

the phones that
trigger 2d actually
perform handover
The majority returns
in good coverage
either before CM
activation or
before handover
execution
100
90
80
70
60
% 50
40
30
20
10
0
Averall Statistics
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCM

This graph is only
Analysis
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
10
Averall Time Statistics

(all RABs, all triggers)
40
80
35
70
PDF (%)
25
60
50
20
15
10
40
In 10% of the
cases the 2f
event happens
before the UE
has time to
enter CM
CDF (%)
30
It takes around
2.4 seconds for
the UE to enter
CM and start
measuring GSM
30
In other cases the Ue might

be in a connection state
where it is not possible to
enter CM (Signalling, or
high packet rates).
50% of the handover

need more than 4
seconds to be
executed, but in
general it is soon after
event 3a
20
10
0
Time (s)
TimeToCmAct PDF
TimeTo3a PDF
TimeToHo PDF
TimeInCm PDF
TimeTo2fCm PDF
TimeTo2fNoCm PDF
TimeToCmAct CDF
TimeTo3a CDF
TimeToHo CDF
TimeInCm CDF
TimeTo2fCm CDF
TimeTo2fNoCm CDF

Analysis
11
IRAT handover is occurring too early and/or in areas where the

radio environment is changing fast (2d ending in 2f events)
Lowering handover threshold and increasing time to
trigger for 2d and 2f might help making IRAT handover
more efficient

Analysis
12
Test Case description
Activate Ec/No based IRAT Handover

Move RSCP based IRAT Handover to lower coverage areas
Move Ec/No based IART Handover to more highly interfered areas
Combine the parameter settings from previous tests cases
Increase time to trigger (delay decision on when entering compress mode
based on both RSCP and Ec/No)
Activate UeTx power based handover
Increase time to trigger (delay decision on when entering compress mode
based on UeTx Power)
Combine parameter settings from previous test cases (RSCP, Ec/No, UeTx
Power)
Move handover decision based on RSCP to more extreme coverage areas
Micros oft Excel
In the attached fle all test cases are explained
Works heet
Different test cases have been defned:
13
Test Case Description Introducing

Ec/No trigger
The Ec/No trigger is introduced
and threshold for CM activation is
set to -14 dB.
The Immediate handover strategy
is also applied for Ec/No and the
3a threshold is set thigher than
the 2d threshold
Ue Tx power triggering is still
disabled by mean of high flter
coefficient values
gsmThresh3a
hysteresis2d
hysteresis2f
hysteresis3a
TimeToTrigger2dRscp
TimeToTrigger2fRscp
TimeToTrigger3a
timeTrigg6a
timeTrigg6b
flterCoefficient1
flterCoefficient2
flterCoeff6
ueTxP owerThresh6a
ueTxP owerThresh6b
TimeToTrigger2dEcNo
TimeToTrigger2fEcNo
utranRelThreshRscp
M RSL
-95
4
4
0
-100
-100
1
20
320
1280
0
320
1280
2
1
3
2
19
21
18
-13
-12
1
8
200
1280
5
-7

Handover for RSCP
-101
-98
-80

Handover for EcNo
-14
-11
-5

21
18
-75
Enabling
Ec/No
14
Test Case Analysis Introducing

Ec/No trigger
ClassB: 2d events which are not followed by any other event
(most likely 2d events on RRC connection only)
2d Event count
100%
90%
80%
70%
60%
50%
40%
30%
20%
10%
0%
Enabling Ec/No Trigger
15
reporting ClassA 2d
events
Only almost half of

the phones that
trigger 2d actually
perform handover
The majority returns
in good coverage
either before CM
activation or
before handover
execution
100
90
80
70
60
% 50
40
30
20
10
0
Averall Statistics
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCM

Ec/No
trigger
This graph is only
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
16

40
80
35
70
PDF (%)
25
60
50
20
15
10
40
In 10% of the
cases the 2f
event happens
before the UE
has time to
enter CM
CDF (%)
30
It takes around
2.4 seconds for
the UE to enter
CM and start
measuring GSM
30
In other cases the Ue might

be in a connection state
where it is not possible to
enter CM (Signalling, or
high packet rates).
50% of the handover

need more than 4
seconds to be
executed, but in
general it is soon after
event 3a
20
10
0
Time (s)
TimeToCmAct PDF
TimeTo3a PDF
TimeToHo PDF
TimeInCm PDF
TimeTo2fCm PDF
TimeTo2fNoCm PDF
TimeToCmAct CDF
TimeTo3a CDF
TimeToHo CDF
TimeInCm CDF
TimeTo2fCm CDF
TimeTo2fNoCm CDF

Ec/No trigger
17
Introducing Ec/No trigger at -14 without changing time to trigger values does
not give any signifcant change. The reason for this is that most of the 2d
events are still being triggered based on RSCP rather than on Ec/No.
Averall Perf. Statistic
(All RBs)
Most of the 2d
events are
followed by CM
activation in the
RSCP case
90
80
70
60
50
%
40
Most of the 2d
events are
followed by 2f
event in the
Ec/No case
30
20
10
0
EcNo
RSCP
UeTxPower
Triggering Quality
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCM
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm

Ec/No trigger
18
Test Case Description Lowering RSCP

thresholds
RSCP thresholds have been
lowered in two steps of 1 dB each.
Same policy is kept for Ec/No
Same Policy is kept for UeTx
power
gsmThresh3a
hysteresis2d
hysteresis2f
hysteresis3a
TimeToTrigger2dRscp
TimeToTrigger2fRscp
TimeToTrigger3a
timeTrigg6a
timeTrigg6b
flterCoefficient1
flterCoefficient2
flterCoeff6
ueTxP owerThresh6a
ueTxP owerThresh6b
TimeToTrigger2dEcNo
TimeToTrigger2fEcNo
utranRelThreshRscp
M RSL
-95
4
4
0
-101
-100
1
20
320
1280
0
320
1280
2
1
3
2
19
21
18
-13
-12
1
8
200
1280
5
-7
-95
4
4
0
-102
-100
1
20
320
1280
0
320
1280
2
1
3
2
19
21
18
-13
-12
1
8
200
1280
5
-7

Handover for RSCP
-102
-99
-81
-103
-100
-82

Handover for EcNo
-14
-11
-5
-14
-11
-5

21
18
-76
21
18
-77
Reducing
RSCP
threshold
Reducing
RSCP
threshold
19

thresholds
ClassB: 2d events which are not followed by any other event
(most likely 2d events on RRC connection only)
2d Event count
2d Event count
100%
100%
90%
90%
80%
80%
70%
70%
60%
60%
50%
50%
40%
40%
30%
30%
20%
20%
10%
10%
0%
0%
Lowering RSCP Thresholds 1
2d event at -102
dBm
Lowering RSCP Thresholds 2

2d event at -103
dBm
20

These
graphs are only
thresholds
2d event at -101
dBm
100
90
No additional dropped
calls
Still the handover is
happening either in fast
changing environment
80
70
60
% 50
40
30
20
10
0
Averall Statistics
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCM
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
2d event at -102
dBm
100
90
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
% 50
% 50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
2d event at -103
dBm
100
0
Averall Statistics
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
Averall Statistics
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCM
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCM
No majour difference between

the three test cases
reporting ClassA 2d
events
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
21
does not significantly affect

the unbalance between the
amount of handover started
due to RSCP and Ec/No
reasons.
Ec/No triggered handover
attempts are mostly
generated in fast changing
environment
RSCP triggered attempts are
mostly followed by
handover -> Indoor users?
Coverage border users?

(All RBs)
2d event at -101
dBm
90
80
70
60
50
%
40
30
20
10
0
EcNo
RSCP
UeTxPower
Triggering Quality
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCM
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm

(All RBs)

(All RBs)
2d event at -102
dBm
90
80
70
2d event at -103
dBm
90
80
70
60
60
50
50
%
%
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
EcNo
RSCP
UeTxPower
EcNo
RSCP
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
UeTxPower
Triggering Quality
Triggering Quality
TrigGsmMeasStopCM
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d

thresholds
Reducing the RSCP triggering
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCM
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
22
Test Case Description Delaying TTT and

reducing RSCP threshold
RSCP threshold for event 2d has

been moved to -105 dBm.
Ec/No Threshold is -13 dB
UeTx Power trigger is enabled
Time to trigger for the 2d and 6a
events have been increased
(640ms) in order to remove false
bad radio environment detection
Time to trigger for 2f and 6b
events have been increased
(2560) in order to give time to CM
activation
gsmThresh3a
hysteresis2d
hysteresis2f
hysteresis3a
TimeToTrigger2dRscp
TimeToTrigger2fRscp
TimeToTrigger3a
timeTrigg6a
timeTrigg6b
flterCoefficient1
flterCoefficient2
flterCoeff6
ueTxP owerThresh6a
ueTxP owerThresh6b
TimeToTrigger2dEcNo
TimeToTrigger2fEcNo
utranRelThreshRscp
M RSL
-95
4
4
0
-104
-100
1
20
640
2560
0
640
2560
2
1
3
3
3
21
18
-12
-12
1
8
640
2560
20
-6

Handover for RSCP
-105
-102
-84

Handover for EcNo
-13
-10
-4

21
18
-64
Extreeme
RSCP (->
keep good
Ec/No) and
UeTx P ower
23

The longer TTT is reducing the
This graph is only
amount of false 2d event
detections: less useless
reporting ClassA 2d
signalling and higher IRAT
events
2d event at -101 dBm
TTT2d=320ms;
TTT2f=1280
100
90
2d event at -105 dBm

TTT2d=640ms;TTT2f=2
560
efficiency
100
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
% 50
% 50
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
Averall Statistics
Averall Statistics
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCM
TrigGsmMeasStart
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
CmAct
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCM
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm

80
40
80
35
70
35
70
30
60
30
60
25
50
25
20
40
15
30
15
10
20
10
10
PDF (%)
40
CDF (%)
PDF (%)

Trig3a
50
In all these cases the Ue is

on a signalling
connection or packet with
higher bitrate
20
40
CDF (%)
TrigGsmMeasStart
30
20
10
Time (s)
Time (s)
TimeToCmAct PDF
TimeTo3a PDF
TimeToHo PDF
TimeInCm PDF
TimeTo2fCm PDF
TimeTo2fNoCm PDF
TimeToCmAct PDF
TimeTo3a PDF
TimeToHo PDF
TimeInCm PDF
TimeTo2fCm PDF
TimeTo2fNoCm PDF
TimeToCmAct CDF
TimeTo3a CDF
TimeToHo CDF
TimeInCm CDF
TimeTo2fCm CDF
TimeTo2fNoCm CDF
TimeToCmAct CDF
TimeTo3a CDF
TimeToHo CDF
TimeInCm CDF
TimeTo2fCm CDF
TimeTo2fNoCm CDF
24
Even with a 2d threshold for RSCP at -105 most of the IRAT Handover attempts
are based on poor RSCP rather then poor Ec/No or high UeTx Power.
(All RBs)
90
80
70
60
50
%
40
30
20
10
0
EcNo
RSCP
UeTxPower
Triggering Quality
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCM
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm

25

RB distribution when Start Measuring 2G
70.0
60.0
50.0
40.0
%
30.0
20.0
10.0
0.0
TrigGsmMeasStart
Other
Speech
PS64/64
PS64/128
PS64/384
Most of the 2d events are triggered while on Speech connection.
26
Almost all Speech connection

perform handover, some other
exit CM due to 2f event
triggering or other reasons
(Speech)
100
When 2d is triggered on packet 64 most of the

time the handover is performed, in the
remaining cases CM might be disactivated
due to upswitch to higher bitrates (with 2d
still being fulfilled)
(PS64)
Packet is triggering
handover to GSM based
on Ec/No more than
speech (where packet is
present there is more
interference maybe also
due to HSDPA)
90
90
80
80
70
70
60
60
50
% 50
%
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
0
EcNo
RSCP
UeTxPower
EcNo
RSCP
Triggering Quality
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct

(PS128)
90
80
70
60
50
%
40
30
20
UeTxPower
Triggering Quality
TrigGsmMeasStopCm
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
When the UE is on
The connection
higher bitrates the
almost never
event 2d is often 90
drops.
followed by a 2f
80
event.
70
In other cases the UE
60
has still time to
switch down to 64 % 50
40
and perform
handover or switch 30
up again
20
10
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCm
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm

(PS384)
Even at
-105dBm
There is still
room for
reduction!!!
10
0
EcNo
RSCP
UeTxPower
EcNo
RSCP
Triggering Quality
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
UeTxPower
Triggering Quality
TrigGsmMeasStopCm
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d

CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCm
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
27

60
12
55
11
50
10
50% of the handover

happen within 9
seconds from the rab
establishment.
45
40
9
8
35
Considering that it
takes around 4
seconds to perform
handover from the
event 2d, it means
that the event is
usually triggered 5
seconds after the call
setup
30
25
20
15
10
6
5
4
3
2
0
10.4
10
9.6
9.2
8.8
8.4
TimeRabEstToHo CDF
7.6
7.2
6.8
6.4
5.6
5.2
4.8
4.4
3.6
3.2
2.8
2.4
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
TimeRabEstToHo PDF
Distribution of the time between Rab Establishment and IRAT Handover
28
Full Test Case comparison
2.25
45
40
1.75
35
1.5
30
1.25
25
20
0.75
15
0.5
10
0.25
0
Summary
Option01
Summary
Option02
Summary
Option03
Summary
Option04
Summary
Option06
Summary
Option07
Summary
Option08
Summary
Option09
Test Case
Sum of Drop Rate due to Speech IRAT
Sum of Speech Drop Rate
Sum of Ho Perc Speech1
Sum of Total Drop Rate due IRAT

Sum of Total Drop Rate
Sum of Ho Perc Tot1
Summary
Option10
50
D ro p R a te (% )
2.5
H a n d o v e r ra te (% )
Handover Rate and Drop rate
29
RSCP threshold for event 2d has

been moved to -107 dBm.
Ec/No Threshold is -13 dB
UeTx Power trigger is enabled
Time to trigger for the 2d and 6a
events have been kept longer
(640ms) in order to remove false
bad radio environment detection
Time to trigger for 2f and 6b
events have been kept longer
(2560) in order to give time to CM
activation
gsmThresh3a
hysteresis2d
hysteresis2f
hysteresis3a
TimeToTrigger2dRscp
TimeToTrigger2fRscp
TimeToTrigger3a
timeTrigg6a
timeTrigg6b
gsmThresh3a
flterCoefficient1
flterCoefficient2
flterCoeff6
ueTxP owerThresh6a
ueTxP owerThresh6b
TimeToTrigger2dEcNo
TimeToTrigger2fEcNo
utranRelThreshRscp
-95
4
4
0
-107
-100
0
20
640
2560
0
640
2560
2
1
-95
3
3
3
21
18
-13
-13
0
8
640
2560
20

Handover for RSCP
-108
-106
-87

Handover for EcNo
-14
-12
-5

21
18
-67
Final Test Case Description reducing RSCP

threshold further
30
Final Test Case Results reducing RSCP threshold

further
1.00%
3.00
0.80%
Small
increase
in
2.50
drop rate
(0.15%)
0.60%
2.00
0.20%
Significative
increase in
traffic (45%)
0.00%
1.50
-0.20%
1.00
-0.40%
-0.60%
0.50
-0.80%
-1.00%
0.00
Date
RNC01 Erlang
RNC10 Erlang
RNC11 Erlang
RNC12 Erlang
RNC16 Erlang
RNC19 Erlang
RNC01 Drop
RNC10 Drop
RNC11 Drop
RNC12 Drop
RNC16 Drop
RNC19 Drop
Erlang (%)
Speech Drop Rate (%)
0.40%
Test Case results
31

further
1.00%
2.8
0.80%
2.6
0.60%
2.4
0.40%
2.2
Users stay connected longer in 3G than

before (MHT = 15% longer). Notice this is the
only RNC where a significative change in
MHT can be observed
0.00%
-0.20%
2.0
1.8
1.6
-0.40%
1.4
-0.60%
1.2
-0.80%
1.0
-1.00%
0.8
Date
RNC01 Drop
RNC10 Drop
RNC11 Drop
RNC12 Drop
RNC16 Drop
RNC19 Drop
RNC01 MHT
RNC10 MHT
RNC11 MHT
RNC12 MHT
RNC16 MHT
RNC19 MHT
MHT (Min.)
0.20%
Speech Drop Rate (%)
Test Case results
32

Percentage of Speech IRAT
further
35%
30%
IRAT (%)
25%
20%
15%
30% less users move to 2G,

again this is the only RNC
where a visible change in IRAT
rate can be observed
10%
5%
0%
Date
RNC01
RNC10
RNC11
RNC12
RNC16
RNC19
40%
33
Final Test Case Results reducing RSCP

threshold further
Move to 2G at -105
RSCP
-13 Ec/No
60
Move to 2G at -108
dBm
-14 Ec/No
12
60
11
55
10
50
45
40
35
30
30
25
25
20
20
15
15
10
10
55
50
50% of the handover

happened within 9
seconds from the rab
establishment.
45
40
35
10.4
10
9.6
9.2
8.8
8.4
TimeRabEstToHo CDF
7.6
7.2
6.8
6.4
5.6
5.2
4.8
4.4
3.6
3.2
2.8
2.4
1.6
1.2
0.8
0.4
TimeRabEstToHo PDF
12
11
10
50% of the handover

now happens within
14 seconds from the
rab establishment.
TimeRabEstToHo PDF
9
8
7
TimeRabEstToHo CDF
34
Even with a 2d threshold for RSCP at -107 most of the IRAT Handover attempts
are based on poor RSCP rather then poor Ec/No or high UeTx Power
Tipical outdoor/indoor and idle/connected coverage

(All RBs)

(All RBs)
90
90
Move to 2G at -105
70
RSCP
60
-13 Ec/No
80
80
70
60
50
Move to 2G at -108
dBm
-14 Ec/No
50
%
40
40
30
30
20
20
10
10
0
EcNo
RSCP
UeTxPower
EcNo
RSCP
Triggering Quality
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
UeTxPower
Triggering Quality
TrigGsmMeasStopCM
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
Final Test Case Results reducing RSCP

threshold further
TrigGsmMeasStart
CmAct
Trig3a
PerfHo
Dropped after 2d
CmDeAct
TrigGsmMeasStopCM
TrigGsmMeasStopNoCm
35
Ec/No>qQualMin (18)
Ec/No>qQualMin+sRatSearch (14)
RSCP>qRxLevMin+P (-115/112)
Small gap in
TS
Ec/No strategy
M
U Idle
between
e e and
le Idl ag
b
Connected
ermode
ta
v
S gapo in RSCP
High
C
strategy between
Idle and
Connected mode
TS n
M i
U ge e d
le a t
b er ec e
ta v n d
S Co on o
C m
UMTS
Cell
Start measuring GSM in

Connected mode
Start measuring GSM
in Idle
RSCP>usedFreqThresh2dEcNo
hysteresis2d/2 (-13)
RSCP>usedFreqThresh2dRscp
GSM
Coverage
Idle-Mode/Connected Mode IRAT Strategy (3G>2G)
36
Idle-Mode/Connected Mode IRAT Strategy

Proposal (3G->2G)
Start measuring GSM in

Connected mode
Start measuring GSM
in Idle
Ec/No>qQualMin (18)
RSCP>qRxLevMin+sHcsRat (111/-108)
TS
TS n
M i
U ge e d
le a t
b er ec e
ta v n d
S Co on o
C m
UMTS
Cell
RSCP>usedFreqThresh2dRscp
Small gap
M in both
U e e
g
Ec/No and
le l RSCP
b Id ra
a
e
strategies
t
S
ov
betweenC Idle and
Connected mode
RSCP>usedFreqThresh2dEcNo
GSM
Coverage
37
qHyst1=qHyst2=4dB and treSelection=2s

This settings increases the probability that late
reselections trigger un-necessary measurements on 2G
qHyst2=4dB
UMTS CellA
During this time the Ue

might
reselect
GSM
even with Good RSCP
coverage
Ec/No
2s
UMTS CellB
Measure GSM
qHyst1=4dB and qHyst2=2dB will reduce the risk keeping

reselection thresholds between 2G and 3G unchanged
Idle mode Parameter

Investigation
38
To avoid useless re-selection to

2G we should move to 2G only
when the 2G signal is 14 dB
better than the 3G signal
Area Type
Macro sites for In-train coverage
Dense Urban Macro for Indoor coverage
Urban Macro for Indoor coverage
Suburban Macro for Indoor coverage
Rural Macro for Indoor coverage
Macro for In-car coverage
Macro for Outdoor Coverage only
Indoor site
GSM 900 GSM 1800

[dBm]
[dBm]
-66.3
-64.3
-69.3
-67.3
-73.3
-71.3
-73.3
-71.3
-77.3
-75.3
-80.3
-78.3
-87.3
-89.3
-85
-85
EDGE
[dBm]
-65
-68
-72
-72
-76
-79
-88
-85
UMTS
[dBm]
-72.4
-81.4
-85.4
-85.4
-89.4
-93.4
-102.4
-90.0
3G - 2G
[dB]
7.4
13.4
13.4
13.4
13.4
14.4
14.4
5.0
2G/3G Coverage values
39
Idle-Mode camping Strategy Step1 (3G->2G)
Reducing hysteresis for 3G->3G cell reselection (to avoid

false GSM reselections)
Increasing the offset towards 2G neighbour cells to take
into account the different planning values for coverage
Delaying measurements on 2G (sRatSearch reduction)
Idle M o de U->G
qHyst1
qHyst2
qOffset1sn
4
2
15
qOffset2sn
qRxLevM in
-115
qQualM in
-18
sRatSearch
sHcsRat
measQuantity1
maxTxP owerUl
24
Main KPI to monitor performances:
pmTotNoRrcConnectAttIratCellResel+pmTotNoRrcConnectAt
GtoUReselPerTraffic[%]=100*
tIratCcOrder
pmTotNoRrcConnectReqCs+pmTotNoRrcConnectReqPs+pmTotNoRrcCo
nnectReqSms
pmTotNoRrcConnectAttIratCellResel+pmTotNoRrcConnectAt
GtoUReselPerRrc[%]=100*
tIratCcOrder
pmTotNoRrcConnectReq
A frst attempt has been made to reduce the probability for

3G connections to make false reselections to 2G:
40
Idle-Mode camping Strategy Step1 (3G->2G) Results

Connected-Mode/Idle-Mode
alignment (Connected-Mode
parameter change)
85%
160%
75%
120%
65%
80%
55%
First reduction
in IRAT
Reselection
40%
Second possible
reduction: further
monitoring needed
Resel/RRC (%)
Resel/Traffic (%)
200%
New Idle Mode

Settings
45%
0%
35%
-40%
25%
Date
RNC01 Resel/Traffic
RNC10 Resel/Traffic
RNC11 Resel/Traffic
RNC12 Resel/Traffic
RNC16 Resel/Traffic
RNC19 Resel/Traffic
RNC01 Resel/RRC
RNC10 Resel/RRC
RNC11 Resel/RRC
RNC12 Resel/RRC
RNC16 Resel/RRC
RNC19 Resel/RRC
Test Case results
41
Indoor/Outdoor coverage mismatch
2G
2G
2G
3G
2G
3G
3G
3G
Possible problems to be solved
42
Coverage continuity in high traffic environment

3G
2G
3G
Possible problems to be solved
43
RSCP+qHyst>GSM_RSSI-qOffset1sn
Ec/No>qQualMin (18)
Ec/No>FDDMIN (-10)
UMTS
Cell
Start measuring
GSM
Users in Ping-Pong areas will

move from GSM to UMTS and
back in GSM. They should not
cause signalling because
they are not allowed to camp
on cells with that poor RSCP
TS
M
U e e
le Idl ag
b
er
ta
v
S
o
C
Transition to UMTS
Transition to GSM
GSM
Coverage
Ping-Pong Areas
The real Ping-Pong is due to

the absence of hysteresis,
users at the border of the
Ping-Pong areas might
continuously reselect the two
networks where signalling is
generated at every
reselection
Idle-Mode camping Strategy (3G->2G/2G->3G)
44
Ping-Pong areas might very well be located at the

edge of UMTS coverage
Ping-Pong area
Release 5 phones should

support RSCPMIN
parameter, they will reselect
Ec/No = FDDMIN
UMTS only if
Ec/No>FDDMIN and
RSCP>RSCPMIN. Putting
RSCP = qRxLevMin+P
RSCPMIN > qRxLevMin+P
will remove ping pong areas,
Extended UMTS
but phones seem not to
Coverage
support this parameter yet.
GSM(Ec/No)
Coverage
Idle-Mode camping Strategy (3G->2G/2G->3G)
45
Changing Neighbouring Strategy will create hysteresis
Ping-Pong area
Ec/No = FDDMIN
RSCP = qRxLevMin+P
Extended UMTS
Coverage
(Ec/No)
GSM Coverage
To prevent unnecessary 3G-2G

reselection and
handover the
neighbour relation
between the 3G cell
and the cosited GSM
Hysteresis
1800 might be
removed
Idle-Mode camping Strategy Proposal (3G>2G/2G->3G)
46
Still a cosited GSM 900 Could be a reason for Ping-Pong Areas
Ec/No = FDDMIN
RSCP =
qRxLevMin+P
Start
Measuring
UMTS
Extended UMTS
Coverage
(Ec/No)
Ping-Pong area
GSM
1800
GSM 900
QSI could also be used for UMTS only

sites where it is not possible to
remove the 2G->3G neighbour relation
Starting UMTS
measurements only
when GSM is good
will create
hysteresis and
prevent Ping-Pong
Hysteresis
47
Idle-Mode camping Strategy Proposal (3G>2G/2G->3G) Option1

Summary:
Border and Core UMTS Sites:
Keep all 3G->2G relations but remove the co-sited 3G->2G relation to avoid useless
reselections or handover
Do not remove 3G->2G co-sited relations where 3G is outdoor only and 2G is

indoor only or vice versa or where the 2G is 900!
Remove all un-necessary 2G->3G relations: keep only the 2G->3G relation with the
co-sited if any or all 2G->3G relations with close neighbouring sites (face-to-face) if
no co-sited is available
For the co-sited GSM activate the QSI parameter to enable Hysteresis
Use qOffset1sn=15 dB for all 2G neighbours
Use qHyst1=2 dB instead of 4 dB (reduces the risk that late reselections trigger
measurements on 2G)
QSI Activation Strategy:
If 2G Indoor and 3G Outdoor or vice-versa: QSI=3 (GSM<-86 to measure UMTS)
If both Indoor or both Outdoor: QSI=10 (GSM>-70 to measure UMTS)
48
Summary:
Border UMTS Sites (as in Option1):
Keep all 3G->2G relations but remove the co-sited 3G->2G relation to avoid useless
reselections or handover

For the remaining co-sited GSM activate the QSI parameter to enable Hysteresis
Core UMTS Sites (different from Option1):
Remove all 3G->2G relations

If the co-sited GSM is a 900 activate the QSI parameter to enable Hysteresis
Use qOffset1sn=15 dB for all 2G neighbours (as in Option1)
Use qHyst1=2 dB instead of 4 dB (as in Option1)
QSI Activation Strategy (as in Option1):
If 2G Indoor and 3G Outdoor or vice-versa: QSI=3 (GSM<-86 to measure UMTS)
If both Indoor or both Outdoor: QSI=10 (GSM>-70 to measure UMTS)
Idle-Mode camping Strategy Proposal (3G>2G/2G->3G) Option2
49
In addition to each of the two previous option the parameter SHcsRat should
be used to start measuring GSM also when RSCP get closer to the limit
(sHcsRat=4 as a starting point)
RSCP+qHyst>GSM_RSSI-qOffset1
Ec/No>qQualMin (18)
RSCP>qRxLevMin+sHcsRat (111/-108)
UMTS
Cell
Start measuring
GSM
TS
M
U e e
le Idl ag
b
er
ta
v
S
o
C
Transition to GSM
GSM
Coverage
50
Idle-Mode camping Strategy Step2 (2G->3G)
trigger start of UMTS measurements based on GSM

coverage (QSI)
Activate the RSCP criteria to come back on UMTS
(R12 only phones)
Review all neighbour strategies according to the
new recommendations
ed r
t
ec ove
p
ex nt
e g
um em llin n
im ov na tio
x
r g
a
c
M mp si du
i
re
Idle M o de G->U
QSI
10
FDDQM IN
FDDQM INOFF
FDDR SC P M IN
FDDQOFF
COEXUM TS
M easure UM TS when GSM is

move to UM TS if Ec/No is >
move to umts if RSCP is >
>-70
-8
-100
M ove to UM TS when RSCP is greater than GSM +
-inf
Allow reselection and HO to UM TS
on
The proposed parameter settings is an attempt to

create the required hysteresis in order to reduce the
ping-pong between 2G and 3G cells:
51
The proposed parameter settings is an attempt to

activate 2G->3G handover with minimum risk of
ping-pong handover:
trigger start of UMTS measurements based on GSM
coverage (QSI)
Activate the RSCP criteria to come back on UMTS
(R12 only phones)
It might be recommendable to start with higher
values of ISHOLEV to avoid abrupt changes.
ht
ig n
m o
s ng
g
i
tin nd the
t
se epe om st
r
e
te e d s fr s t
m
t
g
u
ra an sul vio
a
P ch re re
p
C onnected M ode G->U

QSC
ISHOLEV
M RSL
COEXUM TS
M easure UM TS when GSM is
M ove to UM TS if GSM load is higher than
M ove to UM TS if EcNo is better than
Allow reselection and HO to UM TS
13
0
31
1
>-58
0
-9
on
2G->3G Handover Activation Strategy
52

IRAT Handover Optimization Project

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IRAT Handover Optimization

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Background P3 IRAT Handover

IRAT based on RSCP only

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Background P3 IRAT Handover

Almost 30% of all active connections end in 2G

IRAT based on RSCP only and Immediate handover

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

CONNECTION QUALITY MONITORING

quality = good if all

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

RSCP: Typically Indoor or coverage

Ec/No: Typically Polluted or high traffic

Better Ec/No but

P4: HSDPA ->

UeTx Power: Typically high Ul

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Ec/No=CPICH - L - (IN + OUT +

Check to be performed on all

P3 IRAT Handover Strategy

Enter Compress M ode For RSCP

Enter Compress M ode for EcNo

Enter Compress mode for UeTx

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

P3 IRAT Handover Strategy

ClassB 2d Events (All RABs)

We split 2d events in 2 classes:

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Averall Performance Statistics

Only almost half of

P3 IRAT Handover Strategy

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Averall Time Statistics

In other cases the Ue might

50% of the handover

P3 IRAT Handover Strategy

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

IRAT handover is occurring too early and/or in areas where the

P3 IRAT Handover Strategy

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Test Case description

Activate Ec/No based IRAT Handover

Different test cases have been defned:

Test Case Description Introducing

Enter Compress M ode For RSCP

Enter Compress M ode for EcNo

Enter Compress mode for UeTx

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Test Case Analysis Introducing

ClassB 2d Events (All RABs)

We split 2d events in 2 classes:

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Averall Performance Statistics

Only almost half of

Test Case Analysis Introducing

Title of presentation (Menu View, Master, Slide Master)

Averall Time Statistics

In other cases the Ue might

50% of the handover