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TCP/IP AND OSI

Presented to: Dr.Hisham El Zouka
Presented by: Passant Wahdan

OSI
2

Established in 1947, the International

Standards Organization (ISO) is a
multinational body dedicated to
worldwide agreement on international
standards. An ISO standard that covers
all aspects of network communications is
the Open Systems Interconnection (OSI)
model. It was first introduced in the late
1970s.

The OSI model

Summary of OSI Layers

TCP/IP
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The TCP/IP protocol suite was developed

prior to the OSI model. Therefore, the
layers in the TCP/IP protocol suite do not
match exactly with those in the OSI
model. The original TCP/IP protocol suite
was defined as four software layers built
upon the hardware. Today, however,
TCP/IP is thought of as a five-layer model
with the layers named similarly to the
ones in the OSI model

Layers in the TCP/IP Protocol Suite

TCP/IP Layers
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OSI
Application Layer
Presentation Layer

TCP/IP
Application Layer

Session Layer
Transport Layer

Transport Layer

Network Layer

Internet Layer

Data Link Layer

Link Layer

Physical Layer

TCP/IP and OSI model

Similarity
9

Both are based on the concept of a stack

of independent protocols.
The functionality of the layers is roughly
similar.

Difference
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OSI makes the

distinction between
services, interfaces,
and protocol.
Host on OSI
implementations do
not handle network
operations.

TCP/IP does not originally clearly

distinguish between services,
interface, and protocol.

TCP/IP hosts participate in most

network protocols.

Difference
(continue)
11

OSI
emphasis
on
providing a reliable
data transfer service,
Each layer of the OSI
model detects and
handles errors, all
data
transmitted
includes checksums.
The transport layer
checks
sourcedestination reliability.

TCP/IP treats reliability as an end to

end Problem. The transport layer
handles all error detection and
recovery,
it
was
checksums,
acknowledgments, and timeouts to
control transmissions and provides
end-to-end verification.

Application Layer
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Application provides a set of interfaces

for applications to obtain access to
networked services such as networked file
transfer, message handling, and database
query processing.

Presentation Layer
OSI
TCP/IP
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The Presentation Layer

handles
data
format
information. For outgoing
messages, it converts
data into a generic format
that can survive the
network transmission; for
incoming messages, it
converts data from its
generic
networked
representation
into
a
format that will make
sense to the receiving
application.

Presentation layer is not present in

TCP/IP model. Instead this function is
frequently
handled
within
the
applications
in
TCP/IP
through
External
Data
Representation
Standard(XDR)
and
Multipurpose
Internet Mail Extensions (MIME).

Session Layer
OSI
TCP/IP
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The
Session
layer
handles session setup,
data
or
message
exchanges, and tear
down when the session
ends.
It also monitors session
identification so only
designated parties can
participate and security
services
to
control
access
to
session
information.

The TCP/IP model does not have a

general session layer protocol.

In TCP/IP the term sockets and

ports are used to describe the path
over which cooperating application
communicates.

Transport (OSI)
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The basic function of the transport layer is to

accept data from the session layer, split it up
into smaller units, pass it to the network
layer, and ensure that the bits delivered are
the same as the bits transmitted without
modification, loss or duplication. If an error
occurs during transmission, the transport
layer must correct it. If no
acknowledgement is received, the transport
layer can retransmit the packet or time-out
the connection and signal an error.

Transport (TCP/IP)
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There are two standard transport

protocols:
TCP implements a reliable data-stream
protocol

connection oriented

UDP implements an unreliable datastream

connectionless
Primary difference is that UDP does not
necessarily provide reliable data
transmission

Network
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Thenetwork layerprovides the functional and

procedural means of transferring variable
lengthdatasequences from a source host on one
network to a destination host on a different network
while maintaining thequality of servicerequested by
the Transport Layer.
TCP divides messages in datagrams of up to 64k
length. Each datagram consists of a header and a text
part. Besides some other information, the header
contains the source and the destination address of the
datagram. The service provided by IP is not reliable.
Datagrams may be received in the wrong order or they
may even get lost in the network.

Data link
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The main task of the data link layer is to take

a raw transmission and transform it into a
line that appears free of transmission errors
in the network layer. It accomplishes this
task by having the sender break the input
data up into data frames, transmit the
frames sequentially, and process the
acknowledgment frames sent back by the
receiver. The protocol packages the data into
frames that contain source and destination
addresses.

Physical
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The physical layer is concerned with transmitting

raw bits over a communication channel. The
design issues have to do with making sure that
when one side sends a 1 bit, it is received by the
other side as a 1 bit, not as a 0 bit.
The physical layer describes some type of cabling
system as the transmission media. It also
describes the network topology and how the
transmission media is to be distributed. Some
examples include the bus, star, and ring
topologies.

2.10 Eight layers architecture:

20

Related applications
Less related app

2.10 Six layers architecture:

21

Data link and physical

layer deals with the
same type of data

Link layer

References
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William Stallings, chapter 2 local and

metropolitan area networks, fifth edition:
Pearson publication.
http://
www.sans.org/reading_room/whitepapers
/standards/osi-model-overview_543
http://
solomon.ipv6.club.tw/Course/ProtocolEng
ineering/20100421-junnkeh-osi.ppt
http://erdos.csie.ncnu.edu.tw/~ccyang/T
CPIP/Slides/Chap-02.ppt