WELDING INSPECTOR

PRESSURE VESSEL
ASME VIII Division 1
RULES FOR CONSTRUCTION
OF PRESSURE VESSEL

USING THE ASME CODE

THE USER MUST ASK

SHOW ME WHERE IT IS
PROHIBITED OR RESTRICTED

THE USER SHALL NOT ASK

SHOW ME WHERE IT IS PERMITED

THAT WHICH IS NOT PROHIBITED

IS PERMITED

CODE READING
KEY WORDS
SHALL, WILL MANDATORY RULE
SHOULD MANDATORY RULE, HOWEVER,
LOOK FOR ALTERNATIVE CONSTRUCTIONS

MAY, CAN NON-MANDATORY GUIDANCE

NON-MANDATORY:
PARENTHETICAL EXPRESSIONS
ENCLOSED BY PARENTHESIS)
FOOTNOTES

(MATERIAL

PUNCTUATION MARKS (. ; : ) LITTLE GUYS

WITH LARGE IMPACT

CODE READING
COLONS : and SEMICOLONS
The question which must be resolved is are we reading a
series of AND or one of OR. The first sentence
normally set the plan.
LIST AND SERIES :
AAAAA ;
BBBBB ;
CCCCCC .

COMMON ERRORS
TO BE AVOIDED

1. OLD CODE BOOKS

2. WISHFUL THINKING
3. LOOPHOLES
4. BUSINESS PRESSURE

USING THE ASME CODE

SECTION VIII, DIV1, CODES ARE BASED ON HISTORICAL DATA
AND EXPERIENCE WHICH HAS BEEN APPLIED TO THE CODE
RULES OVER THE PERIOD FROM 1911 TO THE PRESENT
THEREFORE, THESE CODES ARE NOT DESIGN CODES BUT
RATHER, A SET OF CHECKS AND BALANCES TO BE APPLIED TO
THE DESIGN ONCE FORMULATED
THE TERMS MAWP, MDMT, P AND t ARE VALUES WHICH MAYBE
MEASURED IN THE FINISHED PRODUCT
U -1(a)(3)
PHILOSOPHY U-2(g)
U-1(k) NON-MANDATORY NDE HAS NO AFFECTS ON ASME
CODE COMPLIANCE

BEJANA TEKAN

HEAT EXCHANGER

AIR COOLED HEAT EXCHANGER

SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

SHELL & TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER

CLASSES OF MATERIALS

Material : Carbon and low-alloy steels : UCS 5 TO UCS 12

Applicable code stress value table : UCS 23 and UCS 27
Low temperature operation - code Par UCS-65, UCS-66, UCS-67,
and UG-84 (Fig. UG 84.1)
Corrosion allowance code Par UG-25
High temperature operation - code table UCS 23

MATERIAL AND PLATE IDENTIFICATION AND INSPECTION

General recommendations : UG 4
Material must conform to a material specification given in Code
Section II : UG 10, UG 11
One set of original identification mark should be visible, name of
manufacturer, heat and slab number, quality and minimum of the
range of tensile strength. If unavoidably cut out, one set must be
transferred by vessel manufacturer. Inspector need not witness
stamping but must check accuracy of transfer : UG 77(a) UG 85
UG 94
To guard against in steel plate less than and non ferrous plate
less than , any method of transfer acceptable to inspector to
identify material may be used : UG 77(b)
Plate given full heat treatment by the producing mill shall be stamped
with the letters MT : UG 85, SA -20 Section II

MATERIAL AND PLATE IDENTIFICATION AND INSPECTION

When required heat treatments of material are not performed by

mill, they must be made under control of the fabricator who shall
place the letter T following the letter G in the mill plate marking. To
show that the heat treatments have been completed, the fabricator
must show a supplement to the Mill Test Report : UG 85, UCS
85, UHT 5, UHT 81
Vessel manufacturer shall obtain Certified Test Report or Certified of
Compliance : UG 93
Inspector shall examine Certified Test Report : UG 93
When stamping ferritic steels enhanced by heat treatment, use low
stress stamps : UHT 86

NONIDENTIFIED MATERIAL

Material must conform to a material specification given in Code

Section II except as otherwise permitted : UG 10, UG 11

REQUIREMENTS FOR PV FABRICATED

BY WELDING

General UW 1
Service Restrictions UW 2
Welded Category : UW 3
General Welding Fabrication : UW 26
Welding Process : UW 27
Qualification of Welding Procedure : UW 28
Test of Welder and Welding Operator : UW 29
Lowest temperature for welding : UW 30
Cutting, Fitting and Alignment : UW 31
Cleaning of Surface to be welded : UW 32
Finished longitudinal and circumferential joints : UW 35

REQUIREMENTS FOR PV FABRICATED

BY WELDING

Fillet welds : UW 36
Miscellaneous welding requirements : UW 37
Repair weld defects : UW 38
Repair weld defects after PWHT : UCS 56(f)
Peening : UW 39
Surface weld metal buildup : UW 42
Check welding procedure : UW 47
Check of welder and welding operator
qualification UW 48
Check of PWHT Practice UW 49

CALCULATIONS CYLINDRICAL SHELLS UNDER INTERNAL

PRESSURE

Equations used when t is less than R or P is less than 0.385 SE :

UG 27
Circumferential joint formula in code UG 27 applies only if the joint
efficiency or if loadings describe in code 22 cause bending or
tension : UG 27, UG 22
Thick cylindrical shells : UG 27
Formulas in terms of outside radius may be used in place of those in
UG 27
Welded joint efficiencies : UW 12, Table UW 12
Stress values of material : Table UCS 23
Corrosion allowance for carbon-steel vessels : UG 25

CALCULATIONS ELLIPSOIDAL HEADS INTERNAL PRESSURE

Equations to be used when ration of major axis D to minor axis h is

2:1. For other ratios, see appendix I : UG - 32(d)
Minimum thickness : UG 32(b)
Allowable percentages of stress value and joint efficiencies for material
depend upon type of radiography full, partial, spot or no radiography :
UW 11 and UW 12
Attachment of heads to shells : UW 13
Cold formed head of P 1 group 1 and 2 material may require heat
treatment. : UCS 79

JOINT
EFFICIENCIES
AND
ALLOWABLE
STRESS
VALUES

JOINT
EFFICIENCIES
AND
ALLOWABLE
STRESS
VALUES

JOINT
EFFICIENCIES
AND
ALLOWABLE
STRESS
VALUES

JOINT
EFFICIENCIES
AND
ALLOWABLE
STRESS
VALUES

JOINT
EFFICIENCIES
AND
ALLOWABLE
STRESS
VALUES

JOINT
EFFICIENCIES
AND
ALLOWABLE
STRESS
VALUES

JOINT
EFFICIENCIES
AND
ALLOWABLE
STRESS
VALUES

JOINT
EFFICIENCIES
AND
ALLOWABLE
STRESS
VALUES

JOINT
EFFICIENCIES
AND
ALLOWABLE
STRESS
VALUES

JOINT
EFFICIENCIES
AND
ALLOWABLE
STRESS
VALUES

JOINT
EFFICIENCIES
AND
ALLOWABLE
STRESS
VALUES

Minimum thickness of plate

Minimum thickness of plate after forming and without allowances for

corrosion shall not be less than minimum thickness allowed for the
type of material being used (see UG 16, UG 25)

CORROSION ALLOWANCES AND REQUIREMENTS

General requirements : UG 25, Appendix E

For carbon and low-alloy steel vessel with a required minimum
thickness of less than in used for air, steam, and water, add onesixth of calculated thickness. No corrosion allowance necessary for
vessels built according to table UW 12 column C
Vessel subject to corrosion must have suitable drain opening :
UG 25
Vessel subject to internal corrosion, erosion or mechanical abrasion
must have inspection openings : UG 46

Full Radiography

Radiograph all joints over 1 (See UCS 57, UW 2, and U-1(e)

for required radiographing on lesser thickness) : UW 11(a)2
Circumferential butt joints of nozzles and sumps not exceeding 10 in
diameter or 1 1/8 in thickness do not require radiography : UW
11(a)5
Vessel containing lethal substances must be fully radiographed : UW
11(a)1, UW 2
Efficiency of fully radiographed joints UW 12, table UW 12
Radiographic techniques : UW 51
Carbon and low alloy steel material : UCS 57

SPOT RADIOGRAPHY

General recommendations : UW 11(b)

Spot radiographing required for longer weld joint efficiensies : UW
12, UW 52, table UW 12
Minimum length of spot radiograph 6 : UW 52(c)
Vessel having 50 ft or less of main seams require one spot
examination; larger vessels require one spot for each 50 ft of
welding : UW 52(b)1
Additional spots may be selected to examine welding of each welder
or welding operator : UW 52(b)2

POSTWELD HEAT TREATMENT

All carbon-steel seams must be PWHT if thickness exceeds 11/4 or

11/2 if preheated to 200degF before welding UCS 56
Some materials must be PWHT at lower thickness : UCS 56
Vessel containing lethal substances must be PWHT : UW 2
Carbon steel vessel for service at temperature below 20degF
must be PWHT unless exempted form impact test : UCS 67
Welded vessels : UW 10
Procedure PWHT : UW 40
Carbon and low alloy steel vessel : UCS 56, UCS 66, UCS 67,
UCS 79, U 1(e)

REQUIREMENTS FOR LOW TEMPERATURE OPERATION

(BELOW 20deg F)
Some materials and welds do not require impact test; consult
paragraphs in Code subsection C to which material applies : UG 84,
UCS 66(c)
When impact test are required weld metal and HAZ must have impact
tests
Welded carbon-steel vessels must be PWHT unless exempted from
impact tests : UCS 66
All longitudinal seam and girth seams must be double welded joints or
the equivalent : UCS 67
All joints of Category A must be Type No.(1) Table UW 12 : UW 2,
UW 3
All joints of Category B and C must be Type No.(1) or (2) table UW -12
: UW 2
All joints of Category D must be full penetration welds : UW 2

MAWP, HYDROSTATIC, MPI AND PENETRATING OIL TEST

MAWP : UG 98
As UG 99, UG 21
When vessel is to be pneumatic tested, welds around openings and
attachment welds of throat thickness greater than must be given
MPT or a penetrating colored oil or fluorescent oil test : UW 50
Test gauges : UG 102