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The centre of flotation (F) is at the geometric centre of the water plane
area. The centre of buoyancy (B) is at the geometric centre of the
underwater volume. The centre of gravity is at G. Their longitudinal
positions are seldom the same. Usually F is abaft of B at any given
draught. But B & G are vertically in one line. If B & G are not in one
vertical line, a ship will trim till B & G are in one vertical line. A ship The
builder provides 'the relevant information for B & F in curve or tabular
form.
d
L2
W1
W
W2
F1
F
b
B1
L1
L
For a box shape vessel on even keel B, G & F are vertically in line. So
when it passes from SW to FW, it merely sinks more & B changes, G
stays same, F moves up but stays in same vertical line in a new horizontal
plane i.e new WPA.
The sketch shows a ship on an even keel, in salt water, on waterline WL.
ln this condition B is vertically below G. On passing into FW (or water
less density than SW) the ship will (first) sink bodily to W1L1. This new
waterline can be assumed to have the centre of flotation as F1. The added
layer of buoyancy due to the sinkage (as shown) will have its centroid at
'b' . The addition of a layer of buoyancy at 'b' causes B to move to some
position up and towards 'b' to a point B1.
+ by stern
- by head