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R Commonly installed over recent years
R µOpen¶ due to the system radiators, cylinder and calorifier being open to atmospherev
R Y pansion and Contraction of heated water is accommodated by the feed &
e pansion cistern
R Water is supplied to the system by the use of the Feed & Y pansion pipe (cold feed)
 
   

R àafety device which enables the removal of steam or high

temperature water in the event of boiler controls failure.

R Generally installed to the main heating flow or directly to the

boiler

R No valves must be installed on the vent pipe

R Correct positioning is essential due to the introduction of more

powerful pumps



 
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R ual functions are to feed water into the system and also when the
system is raised in temperature permit water to expand into the feed
and expansion cistern

R The main function is to handle the expansion of heated water within

the system

R It also has to assist the safety vent pipe in the event of overheats
within the heat exchanger

R Commonly a lockshield gate valve is installed generally found at the

connection to the heating system



 
 

R The cistern is connected to the cold mains water

supply through a ball operated float valve

R It provides two functions, which are to replenish the

system after installation or remedial work and also to
accept the expanded heated water from within the
system.

R Common components are the open safety vent pipe,

ball operated float valve, feed and expansion pipe,
and an overflow/warning pipe
 
*
 
R ?he system is sealed to atmosphere, therefore corrosion is reduced within the
installation
R ?he system can operate at a higher temperature than an open system
R No feed & e pansion cistern is required
R An Yxpansion vessel accommodates e pansion and contraction within the system
R A Oressure relief valve is installed as a safety feature similar to the open vent pipe
 
  *

R ?he vessel should be installed on the suction side of the pump, this
point will be termed the neutral point
R ?he vessel is divided into two compartments separated by a fle ible
diaphragm
R ?he sealed compartment is charged with nitrogen or air
R ?he diagrams above indicate p. the e pansion vessel in a cold
state, B. when the temperature increases, C. when the system is at
operating temperature
    * 
*

R aust be installed on the appliance or the flow pipe

R ?he valve must open when the pressure increases above the set
system pressure
R ?he valve must discharge in a safe manner through a pipe to low
level
R ?he pressure relief valve must not be used to drain the system
Ô,  
R ?he preferred method of installing a heating circuit is to use two pipes, one
being the flow from the heat source, the other being the return to the heat
source
R ?he main advantage is the same flow temperature ia available to each
radiator
R ?here are many different types of two-pipe systems available for installation
Ô,  
* ,  
R A single pipe design is the simplest type of installation, using one pipe to
supply all heat emitters on the circuit
R Pipe sizes are generally larger to overcome resistance
R A disadvantage is that the same flow and return temperatures cannot be
maintained

2adiator return
water mixes with
single pipe flow
* ,  

R ?he reduction in temperature at the flow and return connections to the heat
emitters is not desired although this can be unavoidable
R With reference to the diagram above, the first radiator p. will receive water
at the boiler output mean temperature, after circulation through the radiator
the water will lose temperature due to some heat being e tracted for output
of the radiator
R ?he water is then circulated through the return connection of the radiator at
a lower temperature and mi es with the single pipe thus reducing the mean
temperature of the water within the system, the water is then circulated
further to radiator B. where the process continues

*


R A gravity central heating system depends on the density of hot and cold
water
R Cold water is heavier than Hot water, therefore the cold water will drop and
the hot water will rise through a system
R Gradually through the years these type of systems were modernised with
the installation of further controls and components
** 
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R aodern practice is to use a positive form of circulation, for both

heating and hot water
R Pumped circulation allows for smaller diameter pipework
R A flexible approach to pipe routes
R A cost effective and efficient installation
R Independent control of both domestic hot water and heating
R Greater heat recovery and control of temperature within the
system

-.  
R Oump position
R Oump head
R Open vent and cold feed position
R Correct pipe size
R Oipe layout
R Negative and Oositive pressure
R The correct installation of controls
R etermining the µindex radiator¶ on the circuit
R Balancing of the system
  
R Group 1- Heating àystem

R Group 2- Orimary Circuit

R Group 3- Feed & Yxpansion/ Open Vent

R Group 4- HW àecondary Circuit

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