Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc Y khoa ng trn tp ch quc

t (8)

Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng ting Anh

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Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t

mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc

tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative

specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research

problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin

cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to

achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng

m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and

practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1:
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Despite its alarming rate among the elderly

population in developing countries, dementia receives relatively little attention

from geriatricians.
Vn nghin cu Although the prevalence of dementia among the elderly is

significant in studies involving hospital neurology and endocrinology

departments, geriatrics departments generally tend to overemphasize acute
illnesses while neglecting chronic ones, explaining why those departments fail
to determine the prevalence of dementia as well as equip elderly caregivers with
appropriate knowledge skills.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, according

to a study involving a hospital neurology department, the prevalence of

dementia in the elderly was 30%. Meanwhile, its prevalence nearly doubled (i.e.
50%) in an endocrinology department.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to thoroughly understand

the prevalence of dementia in hospital geriatrics departments and related

knowledge skills of those caregivers makes it extremely difficult for elderly
patients suffering from this debilitating disease to receive early diagnosis and
treatment.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should investigate the prevalence of
dementia in hospital geriatrics departments and related knowledge skills of caregivers
{NOTE: by using WHAT method/consideration/characteristic/property/function that
allows it to achieve better results than previous studies?}
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, {HOW MANY?} patients
over 60 years old can be screened for cognitive impairment based on the Mini Mental
State Examination (MMSE) and diagnosed for dementia according to the Diagnosis
and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders V criteria. Caregivers of those patients can
then interviewed using a questionnaire survey. Next, those results can be analyzed
using SPSS 16.0 software package. (NOTE: Add 1-2 sentences)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that the prevalence of
dementia in hospital geriatrics departments is approximately 40%. Moreover, most
caregivers lack sufficient knowledge of this disease. (NOTE: Add any additional
secondary anticipated results)
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Results of this study can significantly
contribute to the efforts of dementia researchers and practitioners to devise a
framework within hospital geriatrics departments to diagnose and treat those sufferers
early on and orient caregivers on how to improve the quality of life of those individuals.

V d 2:
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Infectious disease outbreaks of influenza A represent a
major public health concern. The influenza A virus can create different versions of mutant
neuraminidase, the protein found on the surface of the virus, resulting in a situation in which
unknown mutations of this protein have caused significant mortalities and warranting further
attention.
Vn nghin cu Despite the considerable amount of attention paid to different mutated
versions of neuraminidase (NA), research is lacking on all possible mutations of NA and their
ability to resist ordinary NA inhibitors in consideration of the free binding energy value
received after a mutated NA version and an antiviral drug molecule are bound to each other.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, until now, nine
neuraminidase have been identified, and four NA inhibitors have been approved for use to
combat the virus. As is well documented, a thousand point mutations of these nine NA types
have been identified separately over the past two decades. Nevertheless, this amount of
mutations is significantly smaller than the total number of mutant versions of neuraminidase
that can appear worldwide. Moreover, their ability to resist the above four NA inhibitors
remains unknown.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to more thoroughly elucidate all
possible mutations of NA with respect to whether they are resistant to medications commonly
administered to combat the virus makes it impossible to alleviate further patient suffering
from the infectious disease caused by this virus and to ensure the reliability of available,
ultimately increasing mortality rates.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, in addition to identifying
additional possible mutant versions of neuraminidase, notably NA1 and
NA9, we should examine the ability of these newly discovered mutations
to successfully resist four commonly used NA inhibitors (i.e. Zanamivir,
Oseltamivir, Peramivir, and Laninamivir) by calculating the free binding
energy and evaluating the values received. In contrast with previous
studies, besides identifying other mutations of neuraminidase, the ability
of these mutations to resist currently used NA inhibitors can also be
determined by emphasizing the role of free binding energy.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, the wild type
version of each neuraminidase type can be bound to each of the four NA
inhibitors. Various mutant versions of neuraminidase can then created by
using Sybyl-X 2.0 software. Next, all received mutations can be
introduced into the docking phase in order to bind with 4 NA inhibitors.
Additionally, based on the docking scores obtained, the free binding
energy values can be calculated. Moreover, whether an NA inhibitor can
resist the virus with a neuraminidase mutated version can be determined.

V d 2 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate
that the mutations created are newly identified mutations of
neuraminidase. Furthermore, the ability of a mutant version of
neuraminidase to resist an NA inhibitor can be determined
based on the calculated binding free energy, implying whether
further medication should be administered if the mutation
appears.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Importantly,
the identified mutations, along with other previously identified
NA mutations can significantly contribute to efforts to further
identify possible mutant versions of this surface protein.
Furthermore, the efficacy of four commonly used NA inhibitors
on mutant neuraminidase versions can provide a valuable
reference for the clinical use of those medications in the future
to combat various diseases.

V d 3:
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Given the importance of infant mortality rate
(IMR) as an index of public health, vaccinations are the most effective means of
preventing infectious diseases among children and lowering IMR. As immunization
programs vary worldwide, new vaccines are constantly approved, with immunization
schedules updated annually.
Vn nghin cu However, despite the significant amount of literature
demonstrating that high vaccine dosages may harm children and increase IMR,
related research has analyzed only the correlation of IMR and the number of
vaccine dosages annually yet failed to calculate other factors such as preterm birth
rate, ecological bias, and socio-economic status.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, although the
childhood immunization schedule in the United States requires 26 vaccine dosages
for infants less than 1 year old, 33 other nations have a lower IMR. Moreover,
previous research has identified a correlation coefficient of 0.7 (p<0.0001)
between
IMR and the amount of vaccine dosages given routinely to infants.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to establish a correlation
between IMR and the amount of vaccine dosages given to children makes it
impossible to devise a nationwide vaccine strategy.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should determine the
correlation of infant mortality with the number of vaccinations in which
associated or confounding factors of infant mortality are evaluated.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, data
can be gathered from industrialized countries on IMR, number of
vaccinations and confounder or associated factors. Those data can
then be analyzed using descriptive, correlation and multivariate
analyses. (NOTE: You need 1-2 more sentences for methodology)
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate a
positive correlation of infant mortality with the number of vaccinations.
(NOTE: Add any secondary anticipated results)
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Results of this
study can provide a valuable reference for vaccination literature and
research in abating infant mortality, subsequently facilitating efforts to
commercialize a combined vaccine to replace the single one.

V d 4:
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu Of the various approaches to treat
hyperlipidemia, a variety of herbs have received considerable attention in
traditional Chinese medicine, including Folium Nelumbinis and Radix
Polygonum multiflorum.
Vn nghin cu However, previous research has seldom examined
the feasibility of combining these two herbs to treat hyperlipidemia.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance,
Wu et al. (2010) investigated how to treat obesity and hyperlipidemia by
administering a Folium Nelumbinis extract rich flavonoid in mice with 20%
oil and 0.5% cholesterol diet. After six weeks, total cholesterol and
triglyceride decreased 23.99% and 14.74%, respectively.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to more thoroughly
elucidate the effects of combining Folium Nelumbinis and Radix Polygonum
multiflorum to treat hyperlipidemia makes it impossible to fully understand
the merits and limitations of mixing these herbs.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should investigate the feasibility of
combining Folium Nelumbinis and Radix Polygonum multiflorum in vitro to treat
hyperlipidemia, in which such a combination can also be studied in vivo for the first
time in the literature.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, the quality of Folium
Nelumbinis and Radix Polygonum multiflorum can be examined using {WHAT
PROCEDURE?}. LD50 can then be determined based on an acute toxicity trial of
mixing these two herbs. Next, total cholesterol, triglyceride, LDL-C and HDL-C can
be evaluated after treating the hyperlipidemic-induced mice on a cholesterol diet.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that the mixture of
Folium Nelumbinis and Radix Polygonum multiflorum can reduce total cholesterol,
triglyceride, LDL-C level by approximately 30-35% and increasing the HDL-C level
by {HOW MUCH?}.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Results of this study can
demonstrate the feasibility of combining not only Folium Nelumbinis and Radix
Polygonum multiflorum to treat hyperlipidemia but also many herbs as well, paving
the way for clinical trials of a new pharmaceutical drug for commercialization.

Ti liu tham kho

Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at

http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw