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Vit Ting Anh Hc Thut

T chc lp vit bo khoa hc Y khoa ng trn tp ch quc


t (9)

Kha Thi c
i hc Y Dc TP H Ch Minh Gim c trung tm vit bo khoa hc bng ting Anh

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Tiu s c nhn
Kha Thi c (Ted Knoy) dy vit ting Anh k
thut trong cc trng i hc i Loan hn hai
mi nm. ng l tc gi ca mi bn cun sch
v vit ting Anh k thut v chuyn nghip. ng
thnh lp mt trung tm vit ting Anh ti trng i
hc Y Yunpei ng thi cng l ging vin ton thi
gian ti trng. ng chnh sa trn 55,000 bi
vit cho vic ng bo nghin cu khoa hc t nm
1989. ng l cng nh bin tp ting anh cho mt s
tp ch v khoa hc, k thut v y hc ca i Loan.

A. Nn tng (Background)

Thit lp cc xut nghin cu (Setting of research proposal): M t


mt xu hng ph bin, pht trin hoc hin tng trong lnh vc ca bn
ngi c c th hiu c bi cnh m bn xut nghin cu ang
c thc hin .

Vn nghin cu (Research problem) : M t cc hn ch chnh hoc


tht bi ca cc nghin cu trc y hoc cc phng php nghin
cu khi gii quyt cc xu hng, pht trin hoc hin tng nu .

c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu (Quantitative


specification of research problem): nh lng hoc a ra mt v d v
vn nghin cu c trch dn trong ti liu tham kho trc .

Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu (Importance of research


problem) : M t cc hu qu v mt l thuyt v thc t nu khng gii
quyt vn nghin cu.

B. Thc hin (Action)

Mc tiu nghin cu (Research objective) : M t mc tiu ca nghin


cu xut ca bn v bao gm cc c im chnh ring bit ca
nghin cu t c mc tiu nghin cu , iu m khng c
thc hin trong nghin cu trc y ( mt cu )

Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu (Methodology to


achieve research objective) : M t ba hoc bn bc chnh t
c mc tiu nghin cu ca bn .

Kt qu d kin ( Anticipated results) : M t cc kt qu nh lng


m bn hy vng s t c trong nghin cu ca bn.

ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin (Theoretical and


practical contribution to field) : M t cch thc phng php hoc
kt qu nghin cu xut ca bn s ng gp v mt l thuyt trong
lnh vc nghin cu, quy lut v cng ng gp thit thc trong sn
xut, ngnh cng nghip dch v.

V d 1:
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu As colorectal cancer (CRC) is a leading cause
of cancer-related deaths in Vietnam, chemotherapy has been widely administered in
recent decades to improve the prognosis of those patients. As a well-established
marker, the KRAS mutation in CRC can accurately predict tumor responsiveness,
especially involving the use of anti-EGFR antibodies cetuximab and panitumumab.
Vn nghin cu However, previous studies have seldom elucidated the
mechanism of KRAS mutation in anti-EGFR poor response CRC, especially the
incidence of this mutation among Vietnamese.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu For instance, according
to recent studies, not all KRAS mutation types respond to anti-EGFR therapy at the
same level; mutation in codon 13 has a better prognosis than that in other sites.
Additionally, previous studies from 2011 on a Vietnamese population indicated that
30-40% of CRC patients have KRAS mutations, while only one study investigated
the correlation between KRAS mutations and their clinicopathological features.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu The inability to thoroughly elucidate the
KRAS mutation makes it extremely difficult for physicians to determine the most
effective target therapy for CRC patients, ultimately leading to a poor disease
prognosis.

V d 1 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, in addition to estimating the
incidence of KRAS muatation and incidence of each mutation type, we
should analyze the correlation between the KRAS muation and a complex
system of clinicopathological features.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, a
questionaire can be designed based on interviews with patients and
physical examination. Data on the current status of KRAS can be gathered.
Next, data can be analyzed using SPSS software.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can indicate that
approximately 30% of CRC patients have KRAS mutation. Additionally,
mutation in codon 12 is the most common type. Moreover, KRAS muatation
correlates with large size and late stage tumors.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Importantly, this study
can provide further insight into the incidence and KRAS mutation status in
CRC patients, subsequently facilitating the efforts of clinicians in accurately
predicting the KRAS status by examining the clinicopathological features.

V d 2:
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu In endodontics, the root canal system should

be debrided and obturated completely in all directions. A C-shaped canal in


the presence of a thin fin connecting root canals is a common variation in the
mandibular second molars, especially in Mongoloids. C-shaped canals pose a
challenge to ensuring successful endodontic treatment because the
connecting root canal is not the same from the orifice to apical
foramen. Therefore, in addition to knowledge of this complex variation,
dentists must also have an adequate management method.
Vn nghin cu However, in clinical practice, use of the conventional

dental radiograph method in endodontic treatment fails to fully explore the Cshaped canal, owing to limitations of 2D expression. Alternatively, as a 3D
imaging technique, conebeam CT (CBCT) has allowed clinicians to achieve a
thorough understanding of the 3D morphology of a root cacal system yet has,
to our knowledge, never been applied to the Vietnamese population in the
literature.

V d 2 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn
nghin cu For instance, according to previous
literature, the prevalence of a C-shaped canal in
mandibular second molars ranges from 2.7% to
44.5% depending on the population and ethnic
group. In Mongoloid populations, the prevalence is
high, around 30-40%.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu
However, the scarcity in literature of C-shaped
canal in the Vietnamese population makes it
impossible to develop an effective imaging
technique and a reliable management procedure.

V d 2 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu Based on the above, we should investigate the
prevalence and morphology of a C-shaped canal in the mandibular second
molar in the Vietnamese population.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu To do so, CBCT images
can be obtained from the Faculty of Odonto-Stomatology, Ho Chi Minh City
University of Medicine and Pharmacy. Those images can then be analyzed
using {NOTE: WHAT PROCEDURE, INSTRUMENTATION OR SOFTWARE?}
Next, based on 3D expression, the root canal system of all mandibular second
molars can be examined, as well as along the length of the root.
Kt qu d kin As anticipated, analysis results can demonstrate the
prevalence of all C-shaped canal types in mandibular second molars among
the Vietnamese population. Those results can further indicate the distribution
of C-shaped canal according to gender, location, and age.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin Results of this study can
provide further insight into a common and complex root canal variation and, in
doing so, contribute to efforts to develop CBCT applications in endodontic
treatment.

V d 3:
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu: Diabetic nephropathy, a common
disorder, incurs a high mortality rate unless patients are treated
appropriately. Despite successful strategies to decelerate the progression
of kidney disease, patients must often undergo dialysis or organ
transplantation. Therefore, individuals with genetic susceptibility to kidney
disease must be placed into an aggressive monitoring program and
administered conventional therapy using hypertension and albuminuria
as principal indices.
Vn nghin cu: Despite the considerable focus recently on the role
of heredity in the development of diabetic kidney disease, previous
studies have failed to demonstrate the familial clustering of diabetic
nephropathy in the absence of common environmental factors.

V d 3 (cont.)
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu:
For instance, while attempting to demonstrate that the
siblings of probands free of diabetic nephropathy had less
evidence of renal disease than did the siblings of probands
with diabetic nephropathy, Seaquist et al. (1989) lacked
sufficient evidence since that study neglected other factors
affecting kidney disease such as diet and smoking.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu: The inability to
exclude confounders makes it impossible to accurately
predict the future outcome of diabetic sufferers, ultimately
straining national health resources under the prohibitively
high cost of an overwhelmingly aggressive monitoring plan.

V d 3 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu: Based on the above, we should develop an efficient
diagnostic approach to control possible environmental factors associated
with renal disease, which were neglected in previous investigations.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu: To do so, patients can
be selected based on a criteria of a minimum duration of 10 years in
probands and 7 years in siblings to ensure that urinary measurements
accurately predict renal function. The patients can then be investigated
further to minimize selection bias by ruling out hypertension, smoking and
an unbalanced diet. Next, sterility of urine obtained during a 4 hour
collection in the early morning can be confirmed by culturing in a university
laboratory. Additionally, albumin and Ig G levels can be measured by
kinetic-rate nephelometry. Moreover, urine creatinine level can be
determined based on the Jaffe reaction.

V d 3 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin: As anticipated, the proposed diagnostic
approach can establish a correlation between genetic
susceptibility and diabetic renal disease, necessitating efforts
to continuously monitor vulnerable siblings.
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin:
Importantly, the proposed approach can significantly
contribute to efforts to elucidate why some diabetic
individuals are susceptible to diabetic nephropathy while
others are not. We recommend that attending physicians
carefully supervise genetically vulnerable relatives to
decelerate the disease progression despite belated therapy.

V d 4:
Thit lp cc xut nghin cu: Australia has witnessed in recent years a
correlation between a significantly increasing number of individuals suffering from
dementia and an increasing number of informal caregivers, especially family members.
Vn nghin cu: Family caregivers are unable to care for their loved ones at
home, owing to increased burden, face significant challenges. Among these challenges
include whether they decide to relinquish the care of their loved ones with dementia
and how to transition them into residential care. Some caregivers experience more
stress than others during this transition.
c im k thut nh lng ca vn nghin cu: For instance, according to
the Alzheimers Association (2012), family care givers of relatives with dementia
experience higher levels of burden and stress than other caregivers.
Tm quan trng ca vn nghin cu: The inability to explore family caregivers
are negatively impacted, especially their stress levels, makes it impossible for
individuals with dementia to transition smoothly into residential care without also
negatively impacting their families and the RACF.

V d 4 (cont.)
Mc tiu nghin cu: Based on the above, in addition to determining the
prevalence of stress among family caregivers of individuals with dementia when
their loved ones are transitioning into residential care, we should identify stress
predictors related to the available support for family caregivers from health
professionals, the community and the government.
Phng php t c mc tiu nghin cu: To do so, 20 Australian
family caregivers of individuals with dementia can be recruited by various
methods, including e-newsletters, flyers on noticeboards at day respite centers
and RACFs, information displays at conferences, emails or postcards sent to
family caregivers of individuals with dementia on waiting lists for admission to a
residential care facility or individuals who had been recently admitted to an
elderly care facility. Those participants can then be interviewed individually.
Next, those results can be evaluated using descriptive analysis, non-parametric
tests and analysis of open-ended questions.

V d 4 (cont.)
Kt qu d kin: As anticipated, analysis results can
indicate that family caregivers experienced high levels of
stress during the decision, moving-in, and settling-in
stages. (NOTE: Add any secondary anticipated results)
ng gp trong lnh vc l thuyt v thc tin:
Importantly, results of this study can significantly contribute
to efforts to improve quality of care and facilitate the
transition for both caregivers and their relatives with
dementia. (NOTE: This is only the practical contribution.
There is no theoretical contribution on how the results of
this study contribute to this researchers in this field)

Ti liu tham kho


Knoy, T (2002) Writing Effective Work
Proposals. Taipei: Yang Chih Publishing

Further details can be found at


http://www.chineseowl.idv.tw

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