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Latent Heat Addition in water

wall (constt. Pressure)


T
E
M
P
E
R
A
T
U
R
E

Super Heating

Sensible heat Addition in


Economizer
Adiabatic Expansion in
Turbine
Pump Work

L+V

Constant Pressure Heat


Rejection in Condenser

ENTROPY

BASIC RANKINE CYCLE (SUB-CRITICAL)

Effect of CW flow on
condenser back pressure
Unit load
Heat load
Design CW flow
Temp. rise
CW inlet temp

CW Flow, M3/hr

= 210 MW
= 2.5 x 108 kcal/hr
= 22500 m3/hr
= 10.8oC
= 32oC

Effect of CW inlet temperature on


condenser back pressure
Unit load
Heat load
Design CW flow
LMTD
Temp. rise
CW inlet temp

= 210 MW
= 2.5 x 108 kcal/hr
= 22500 m3/hr
= 7.413oC
= 10.8oC
= 32oC

CW Inlet temperature (oC)

CW (Cooling Water system)

CW SYSTEM
PURPOSE:REJECT THE HEAT FROM
CONDENSOR TO ATM IN EFFICIENT
MANNER & ALSO CONFIRM THERMAL
DICHARGE REGULATION
QR=(1/n-1)W
QR->Rejected heat.
W->Work done
N->cycle efficiency

EFFECT OF n ON QR
WORK
DONE

QR

QR/W

0.20

4W

0.25

3W

0.33

2W

0.40

1.5W

1.5

0.50

1W

1.0

Open Loop system


OPEN LOOP SYSTEM-Water is
taken from natural body and
pump though the condenser,
where it heated and discharge
back to source

Water is abundant
Reduction in the APC..
Steam from Turbine

Cold Water

Condenser
Pump
Hot water

River Flow

CLOSE LOOP SYSTEM


Hot
Water
Condense
r

Coolin
g
Tower

Air

Cooled
Water

Air

Make-up
Water

Cooling Water
Requirement
Bulk requirement of water is used in
thermal plants for the purpose of cooling
the steam in condensers. The requirement
of water for this purpose is of the order of
1.5-to2.0 cusecs/MW of installation.
Where sufficient water is available once
through system is used.
Where water supply is not consistent,
closed loop cooling system with cooling
tower is used.

WATER SUPPLY TO KSTPS

NTPC Korba CW/CT system at a glance

Open Cycle

Stage-II
3X500 MW

Hasdeo Barrage RBC


Darri Gate open

CT- II

Pragati
Nagar
Regulator

Stage-I
3 X 200 MW

CWPH-I
CWPH-II

Hot pond
CT- I
Charpara Cross
Regulator open

Partial Closed Cycle

Hasdeo Barrage
RBC Darri Gate
partially open.

CT- II

Pragati Nagar
Regulator

Stage-II

Stage-I

3X500 MW

3 X 200 MW
CWPH-I
CWPH-II

Hot pond
CT- I
Emergency Exit

Charpara Cross
Regulator Partially open

Total Closed Cycle

Stage-II

Stage-I

3X500 MW

3 X 200 MW

Hasdeo Barrage
RBC Darri Gate
open for makeup

CT- II

Pragati
Nagar
Regulator

CWPH-I
CWPH-II

Hot pond
CT- I
Charpara Cross
Regulator totally closed

CW scheme
Reservoir/ River

Canal

Intake
Trash rack

Cooling tower

TWS
CT pumps
Hot Pond

CW pumps
Condenser

RBC
All water requirement of NTPC korba is met by RBC.
Water to RBC comes from Darri barrage.
Two cross regulator one at Barrage side other at
NTPC side.
Irrigation dept supply water for irrigation thru this RBC.
During this time plant operate on open cycle or semi
open cycle.
If there is no requirement of water for irrigation, only
make-up water is released by darri Barrage. During
this, CWCT system operates on closed cycle.
RBC supply water to Raw water p/h, st-1 CW p/h, st-2
CW p/h.

RBC
IRRIGATION X REG

INTAKE (ST-1&2)

Intake
It is RCC open trench from where Raw
water/CW is taken through canal/reservoir.
Metallic grid frame work gate (INTAKE
GATE)is provided to avoid entering wood,
tree branches, animal, plastic, floating
object. It can be lifted and cleaned when
water level difference observed.
It is approximately 12 meter in depth
In KSTPS RBC level is 285.3 M

INTAKE CHANNEL

GRID WALL

GRID WALL

Trash Rack
It is near the suction point of CW Pump & made of
steel.
Trash rack avoid entering wood, tree branches,
animal, plastic, floating object & provides uniform flow/
suction to the CW pump

TRASH RACK

CW PUMP
SUCTION

TRASH RACK

Traveling Water Screen


Traveling Water Screens are Thick wire
buckets rides over the structure .
The whole structure is partially submerged in
water before the suction of CW pumps
It catches small pieces of coal, sand, gravel,
wood, plastic, herbs, leaves which can go
into the impeller and may choke/damage the
pump.
These foreign material can be removed by jet
of water through nozzles over the header
inside the TWS.
Water is supplied by screen wash pump

TWS

CW PUMP SUCTION PIT

TRASH RACK

WATER HDR

TWS DRIVE

REVOLVING
BASKET

TRAVELLING WATER SCREEN

SHEAR PIN

TWS DRIVE

TWS SECTOR

SCREEN WASH PUMP AND TWS LINE DIAGRAM


EMERGENCY LUB WATER SUPPLY
TO ST-I SCREEN
WASH HDR.

SCREEN WASH PUMP


P
G

C W PUMP

DP
SWITCH

TWS

CW
HDR

JETTING WATER
INLET TO TWS

SCREEN WASH PUMPS

CW Pump Stage#1

Make : M/s. KSB Pumps Limited


Model : SEZ 1200-1020
Type : Vertical mixed flow
Pump design : Pull out type
Speed : 493 rpm
Discharge capacity : 15000cub meter/hr
Total dynamic head (TDH) : 12.2 m wc
Bowl efficiency : 89%
Motor : 6.6 KV, 81.5 amp, 685 KW
No. of stages : 1
Pump specific speed : 131.6
Critical speed : 625 rpm
Spacing between shaft bearing : 4500 mm
Impeller shaft dia :150 mm
Line shaft Dia : 1.05 mm
Impeller weight : 0.45 tonn
Impeller Dia :1020 mm

Pump Motor

Motor Foundation
Stool

Lube water pump

Column Pipe

Discharge Elbow
Discharge Taper Pipe

View from (-) minus metre floor

Air Vent
MDV

Taper Pipe

View from (-) minus metre floor

CW PUMP CHARECTRISTIC

power

efficiency

To st-2

x
N
C

Swp disch
hdr

O/H
Tank1

O/H
tank-2

LUB WATER SYSTEM

Emergency hdr

x
Upper guide brg
motor th-1&2
motor

clf hdr6ksc

Lower guide
brg
Flow
switch

p/p thrust

Pump disch

To st-2

ROUTINE CHECKS & STARTING PROCEDURE


Checks before Start-up of CW Pump
1. The intake channel level is above 284.75m.
2. Oil quality and oil level in the top bearing of the motor is
alright. (Oil level should be half
the oil pump.)
3. Check the availability of the pump discharge valves by
remote full opening and closing.
4. Confirm the proper lubrication of the motor lower bearing.
5. Confirm the manually operated discharge valve of the pump
is fully opened.
6. Check that permits from all section concerned are clear
and pump is free to rotate.
7. Emergency push button is under reset condition.

ROUTINE CKECKS & STARTING PROCEDURE


Starting Procedure of CW pumps
1. Start the lube water pump and check that lube water flow to thrust
bearings and rubber bearing is there.
2. Start the selected CW pump.
3. Check the pressure at the discharge of the pump is about 1.22 ksc.
4. Feel the temperature of the glands to be normal (<60oC) of the
pump.
5. Check that the motor bearing temp. shown in the indicator is normal.
(<60oC)
6. Check that the vibrations at the gland housing and motor bearing
are within limit. (<40microns) and no abnormal sound audible from
the pump.
7. Check oil flow in the motor top bearing by opening drain cock and
then close it.
8. Check for any loosening of the lock nut of the pump.
9. Check the current absorbed by the motor and the pump discharge
pressure.

COOLING TOWER

The primary task of cooling tower is to reject the heat of CW into the
atmosphere

Training Agenda: Cooling Towers

Introduction
Types of cooling towers
Assessment of cooling towers
Energy efficiency opportunities

Cooling Tower Theory


Heat is transferred from water drops to the surrounding air by the
transfer of sensible and latent heat

Water Drop with Interfacial Film

How cooling tower works ?


1 kg of water on evaporation removes approximately
530 kcals of heat
The heat given up by the water falling inside the
tower equals the heat gained by the air rising
through the tower
The hot water entering the tower is distributed
within the structure in a manner that exposes a very
large water surface to the air passing through.
80% heat removed by evaporation (mass transfer)
20% heat removed by convection (heat transfer)

Main Features of Cooling Towers

Cooling tower: Types


Natural draft
Large concrete chimneys
Generally used for water flow
rates above 45,000 m3/hr
Suited in cool & humid
atmosphere
Less mass transfer
High approach

Natural Draft Cooling Towers


Hot air moves through tower
Fresh cool air is drawn into the
tower from bottom
No fan required
Concrete tower <200 m
Used for large heat duties

NDCT

Cooling tower: Types


Mechanical draft
Large fans to force or suck air through
circulated water.
The water falls downward over fill
surfaces, which help increase the contact
time between the water and the air
maximizing heat transfer between the two.
Cooling rates of Mechanical draft towers
depend upon their fan diameter and speed
of operation
Suited in cool & dry atmosphere
Low approach

Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers


Large fans to force air through
circulated water
Water falls over fill surfaces:
maximum heat transfer
Cooling rates depend on many
parameters
Large range of capacities
Can be grouped, e.g. 8-cell tower

Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers

Three types
Forced draft
Induced draft cross flow
Induced draft counter flow

Forced Draft Cooling Towers

Air blown through tower by


centrifugal fan at air inlet

advantages: less motor power


consumption

Disadvantages: recirculation due to


high air-entry and low air-exit
velocities

Poor mass transfer

More drift losses

(GEO4VA)
60

UNP 2006

Types of Cooling Towers


Induced Draft Cooling Towers
Two types
Counter Flow
Cross Flow
Advantage: less recirculation than forced
draft towers
Disadvantage: fans and motor drive
mechanism require weather-proofing

Induced Draft Counter Flow CT

Hot water enters at the top

Air enters at bottom and exits at top

Uses induced draft fans

Induced Draft Cross Flow CT

Water enters top and passes over fill

Air enters on one side or opposite sides

Induced draft fan draws air across fill

65

Components of Cooling Tower.


Frame & casing : Glass fiber or RCC structures
Fill : It facilitates heat transfer by maximizing water & air
contact. Made of PVC, polypropylene, polymers, treated Wood
and shaped flat, corrugated, honeycombed.
Cold water basin : have sump/low point for cold water
discharge connection
Drift eliminator : Capture water droplets entrapped in air
stream
Louver : In cross flow tower to equalize air flow into the fill and
retain the water within the tower.
Nozzles : Spray water to wet the fill, made of PVC, aluminum,
glass fiber, Galvanized steel
Fan :Axial or centrifugal fan with fixed/variable pitch made of
Galvanized steel, aluminum, glass fiber reinforced plastic

HOT AIR OUT


CT CELL

RISER PIPE

COLD AIR IN

CT INTAKE
CHANNEL

SPLASH FILLS
IN SPLASH FILL, THE HOT WATER
STRIKES OVER THE BARS AND
BREAKS UP INTO MANY SMALLER
DROPS.

FILM FILLS
FILM FILL PROVIDES MORE SURFACE
FOR WATER/AIR CONTACT.

FILM FILLS USED IN NTPC PROJECTS

WATER I/L PIPE TO CELL

NOZZLE HDR FROM INDIVIDUAL CELL

SPLASH BAR

SPLASH BARS

NOZZLE HOLE

SPRAY HEADER

NOZZLE

FAN

DRIFT ELIMINATOR

SPRAY OF WATER

CT SUPPORT STRUCTURE

CT BASIN

LOWER HALF OF CT

SPLASH
BAR
SUPPORT
STR.

SPLASH BAR BARRIER

CT NOZZLE ARRANGEMENT

NOZZLE

GEAR BOX

DRIFT
ELIMINATOR

COUPLING SPOOL

REDUCTION GEAR
ASSEMBLY

CT FAN FRP BLADES


(FIBRE REINFORCE PLASTIC)

FIXED BLADES

CT Pump Stage#1

Make : M/s. KSB Pumps Limited


Model : SEZ 1200-1155
Type : Vertical mixed flow
Speed : 493 rpm
Discharge capacity : 15000 cub meter/hr
Total dynamic head (TDH) : 18.5 m wc
Bowl efficiency : 81.5%
Motor : 6.6 KV, 130 amp, 1015 KW
No. of stages : 1
Pump specific speed : 98
Critical speed : 625 rpm
Spacing between shaft bearing : 4500 mm
Impeller :Open, pullout type

COOLING TOWER SPECIFICATIONS


Description

Stage-I

Stage-II

Wet Bulb Temp

27.50 oC

27.50 oC

Approach

5.50oC

6 oC

Tower Pump Head


( Above ground level)

18.5 M

20 M.

Fan Motor Power


( driver out put)
Drift loss per Tower

35 KW per fan. 75 KW per fan


30,000 kgs/hr.

33,000 Kgs/hr.

COOLING TOWER SPECIFICATIONS


Description
Number Nozzles
/Cell

Stage-I
225

Stage-II
250

Total number of fans 16 x 3

12 x 6

L/G Ratio

1.55 Kg water/
Kg.Air

1.886 Kg
water/ Kg. Air

Drift eliminator

PVC

PVC

Casting

Reinforced
Concrete

Reinforced
Concrete

COOLING FAN SPECIFICATIONS


Description

Stage-I

Stage-II

Type

Axial Flow

Axial Flow

No. of fans / tower

16

12

Diameter

7315 mm

8530 mm

No. of blade

Blade angle

13o

13o

Fan speed

151 Rpm

118 Rpm

Absorbed power

35 KW

56 KW

COOLING FAN SPECIFICATIONS

Description

Stage-I

Blade material

Stage-II

Al.alloy/FRP ,
= 80.5%
Total static pressure 0.4094 inches

FRP =
80.5%
0.434 inches

Fan dia.

24ft.

28 ft.

Air delivery per fan

9,97,200 CMH

13,50,000
CMH

FAN GEAR BOX SPECIFICATIONS


Description

Stage-I

Stage-II

Make / Model

M/s Elecon / CTU


260

M/s Greaves
CT-V 1400

Type / Number

Worm gear / 16 x Worm / 12 x 6


3

Reduction Ratio

9.75:1

12.5 :1

No. of reduction
stage

1( One)

1 ( One)

Service factor

2.1

1.5

Weight

765 Kg.

1465 Kg.

Input and output


speed

1470 & 151


RPM

1485 & 118


RPM

Assessment of Cooling Towers


Measured Parameters

Wet bulb temperature of air

Dry bulb temperature of air

Cooling tower inlet water temperature

Cooling tower outlet water temperature

Exhaust air temperature

Electrical readings of pump and fan


motors

Water flow rate

Air flow rate

91

Assessment of Cooling Towers


Performance Parameters
1. Range
2. Approach
3. Effectiveness
4. Cooling capacity
5. Evaporation loss
6. Cycles of concentration
7. Blow down losses
8. Liquid / Gas ratio

1. Range
Hot Water Temperature (In)

High range = good


performance

(In) to the Tower


(Out) from the
Tower

Cold Water Temperature (Out)


Approach

Range (C) = CW inlet


temp CW outlet temp

Range

Difference between
cooling water inlet and
outlet temperature:

Wet Bulb Temperature (Ambient)


93

2. Approach

Approach (C) =
CW outlet temp Wet
bulb temp
Low approach = good
performance

Range

Hot Water Temperature (In)

Approach

Difference between
cooling tower outlet cold
water temperature and
ambient wet bulb
temperature:

(In) to the Tower


(Out) from the
Tower

Cold Water Temperature


(Out)
Wet Bulb Temperature
(Ambient)

94

3. Effectiveness
Hot Water Temperature (In)

= 100 x (CW temp CW


out temp) / (CW in
temp Wet bulb temp)
High effectiveness =
good performance

Approach

= Range / (Range +
Approach)

Range

Effectiveness in %
(In) to the Tower
(Out) from the
Tower

Cold Water Temperature


(Out)
Wet Bulb Temperature
(Ambient)

95

4. Cooling Capacity

= mass flow rate of water


X specific heat X
temperature difference
High cooling capacity =
good performance

Approach

Heat rejected in kCal/hr


or tons of refrigeration
(TR)

Range

Hot Water Temperature (In)

(In) to the Tower


(Out) from the
Tower

Cold Water Temperature


(Out)
Wet Bulb Temperature
(Ambient)
96

5. Evaporation Loss
Hot Water Temperature
(In)

= 0.00085 x 1.8 x circulation


rate (m3/hr) x (T1-T2)
T1-T2 = Temp. difference
between inlet and outlet water

Approach

= theoretically, 1.8 m3 for


every 10,000,000 kCal heat
rejected

Range

Water quantity (m3/hr)


evaporated for cooling duty

(In) to the Tower


(Out) from the
Tower

Cold Water Temperature


(Out)
Wet Bulb Temperature
(Ambient)

97

6. Cycles of concentration (C.O.C.)


Ratio of dissolved solids in circulating water to
the dissolved solids in make up water

7. BLOW DOWN
Depend on cycles of concentration and
the evaporation losses
Blow Down =
Evaporation Loss / (C.O.C. 1)

98

8. Liquid Gas (L/G) Ratio

Ratio between water and air mass flow rates


Heat removed from the water must be equal to
the heat absorbed by the surrounding air
L(T1 T2) = G(h2 h1)
L/G = (h2 h1) / (T1 T2)
T1 = hot water temp (oC)
T2 = cold water temp (oC)
Enthalpy of air water vapor mixture at inlet wet bulb temp (h1)
and outlet wet bulb temp (h2)

99

Tower Size vs Approach

Cause of CT Poor Performance.


1.
2.
3.

4.
5.

Common causes are


Recirculation of vapors.
Poor air flow due to less blade angle,
algae, deposition on blade, blade erosion.
Higher blade tip clearance. In general it
should not be more than 0.3% of the dia
of fan blade
Fan door sealing not proper, other
opening in suction of the fan.
Damaged Drift Eliminator causes more
makeup and .

Cause of CT Poor Performance


6. Chocking of nozzle by OLTC balls.
7. Falling of nozzle.
8. Hot water distribution pipe
leaking/braeking/end cover falling.
9. Fill clogging
10.Damage of fills.
11.Lot of trees/plants/bushes growth
near cooling tower
12.Poor quality of water (make-up)

Optimizing C T Performance.
Cleaning of cold water basin during overhauls.
Quarterly cleaning of nozzles.
Visual inspection of pipes, nozzles, fills, etc., for proper
water distribution.
Checking of fan pitch angle, fan blade tip clearance,
fan seal disc cover (at hub).
Annual servicing of gear box.
Regular removal of moisture from G/B oil and oil top up.
Annual cleaning of fills with water jets. And cleaning it
manually by removing from tower when chocking is
more.
All around CT proper lawn or brick paving to be done
(abut 30 meter from tower)
Fan blade angle to be adjusted to avoid any
recirculation of vapour during mansoon/windy days.
Thickness measurement of hot water duct, inspection,
cleaning/painting if required annualy.

Optimizing CT Performance.

Cleaning of civil structure annually and removal of algae


from DE, Fills.
Fan door and any other air ingress point to be sealed.
Regular condition monitoring of CT fans.
Continuous chlorine dosing to be done.
Sludge disposal pump to be run once in a day minimum
for 15 minutes.
Monthly checking of effectiveness of tower for
comparison purpose and once checking of perf. during
mansion as per OGN.
Both side of OAC to be barricaded by railing with wire
mesh at about 1.5 meter height and both side about 2
meter wide brick paving to be done to avoid any plant
growth
At CT outlet screen to be provided to remove any debris,
plastic pieces if there is no TWS provided in CW system.
To protect OLTC balls and any other material going to
nozzles; nozzle protector to be provided which is a hollow
steel pipe inserted into H.W.D. pipe with wire mesh.

Major Problems faced in CT


Fill clogging and support structure failure
Sagging of PVC Drift Eliminators in counter
flow type: It has no support in between.
hot water distribution pipe failure.
Growth of trees/bushes/plants near CT
after cleaning again and again.
Civil structure reinforced steel exposed
to atmosphere.
Algae growth in CT structure.

Algae Growth in the Intake


Channel

Algae growth

Algae growth

Clogged Fills

Deposited dust
particles

Sagged Drift Eliminators

Sagged Drift
Eliminators

Clogging Of Fill Packs

Clogged Fills

PVC fill pack sagging

Excessive weight
initiating bending
of SS Supports

Sagging of SS supports of PVC


fills at TSTPS-II

SITE FILTRATION SYSTEM


TO REDUCE TURBIDITY

Site Filt. Pumps

Sand Filters

5% of C.W
Water flow

Hot Water

Cold Water

Cooling Tower

C.W Pumps

Chemical Treatment

Condenser

Drift Eliminators not in


position.
Asbestos Drift
Eliminators in
C.T.

Stage-I CT

Drift
Eliminators
that are not
properly laid
only serve to
block the air
passage

Shaft hole of fan not


sealed

Inspection door not


sealed
To be sealed
properly

Energy Efficiency Opportunities


1. Selecting a cooling tower
2. Fills
3. Pumps and water distribution
4. Fans and motors

Energy Efficiency Opportunities


1. Selecting a cooling tower
Capacity
Heat dissipation (kCal/hour)
Circulated flow rate (m3/hr)
Other factors

Energy Efficiency Opportunities


1. Selecting a cooling tower
Range

Range determined by process, not by system

Approach
Closer to the wet bulb temperature

= Bigger size cooling tower


= More expensive

Energy Efficiency Opportunities


1. Selecting a cooling tower
Heat Load
Determined by process
Required cooling is controlled by
the desired operating temperature
High heat load = large size and cost
of cooling tower

Energy Efficiency Opportunities


1. Selecting a cooling tower
Wet bulb temperature considerations:
Water is cooled to temp higher than wet bulb
temp
Conditions at tower site
Not to exceed 5% of design wet bulb temp
Is wet bulb temp specified as ambient (preferred)
or inlet
Can tower deal with increased wet bulb temp

Energy Efficiency Opportunities


1. Selecting a cooling tower
Relationship range, flow and heat load
Range increases with increased
Heat load
Causes of range increase
Inlet water temperature increases
Exit water temperature decreases
Consequence = larger tower

Energy Efficiency Opportunities


2. Fill media
Hot water distributed over fill media
and cools down through evaporation
Fill media impacts electricity use
Efficiently designed fill media reduces pumping
costs
Fill media influences heat exchange: surface
area, duration of contact, turbulence

Energy Efficiency Opportunities


2. Fill media
Comparing 3 fill media: film fill more
efficient
Splash
Fill

Film Fill

Low Clog
Film Fill

Possible L/G Ratio

1.1 1.5

1.5 2.0

1.4 1.8

Effective Heat
Exchange Area

30 45
m2/m3

150 m2/m3

85 - 100
m2/m3

Fill Height Required

5 10 m

1.2 1.5 m

1.5 1.8 m

Pumping Head
Requirement

9 12 m

58m

69m

Quantity of Air
Required

High

Much Low

Low
123

Fill Media Effects


Heat exchange
between air and water
is influenced by surface
area of heat exchange,
time of heat exchange
(interaction)
and
turbulence in water
effecting thoroughness
of intermixing.
Fill
media in a cooling
tower is responsible to
achieve all of above.

Energy Efficiency Opportunities


3. Pumps and water distribution
Pumps: ?
Optimize cooling water treatment
Increase cycles of concentration (COC) by
cooling water treatment helps reduce make
up water
Indirect electricity savings

Install drift eliminators


Reduce drift loss from 0.02% to only 0.003
0.001%

Energy Efficiency Opportunities


4. Cooling Tower Fans
Fans must overcome system
resistance, pressure loss: impacts
electricity use
Fan efficiency depends on blade
profile
Replace metallic fans with FBR blades (2030% savings)
Use blades with aerodynamic profile (85-92%
fan efficiency)

Specifications
Stage I
3 x 200 MW
3 cooling towers
16 fans per tower
Induced draft multi
fill counter flow
30,000 mtr cube
per hour per tower
Nozzles per cell-225

Stage II
3 x 500 MW
6 cooling towers
12 fans per tower
Induced draft multi
fill counter flow
33,000 mtr cube
per hour per tower
Nozzles per cell-250

Specifications
Stage-1
Stage-2
Hot CW inlet temp.- 43C Hot CW inlet temp.- 43C
Cold CW outlet temp.33C

Cold CW outlet temp.-33


C

Range- 10 C

Range- 10C

Wet bulb Temp.- 27.5C

Wet bulb Temp.-27.5C

Approach- 5.50C

Approach-6C

Specifications
Drift loss-30,000
kg/hr
Evaporation loss per
tower-4,35,000 kg/hr
L/G Ratio-1.55 kg
water/kg air
Absorbed power-35
kw

Drift loss-33,000
kg/hr
Evaporation loss per
tower-4,79,156 kg/hr
L/G Ratio-1.886 kg
water/kg air
Absorbed power-56
kw

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