Mine Fan - General

Nuhindro Priagung Widodo

Teknik Pertambangan
Fakultas Teknik Pertambangan dan Perminyakan
Institut Teknologi Bandung
2014
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Isi
1. Pengertian dan istilah
2. Klasifikasi dan cara kerja alat ventilasi
mekanis
- Fan sentrifugal
- Fan axial
- Mixed-flow fan
3. Kurva karakteristik fan
4. Hukum-hukum fan
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Klasifikasi alat ventilasi

mekanis
untuk Tambang
Fans

Compressors

Centrifugal

Radial tip
Forward curved
Backward
curved

Axial Flow

Tube-axial
Vane-axial

Centrifugal
Axial Flow
Positive
displacement

Injectors

Rotary
Axial Flow

Cylindrical
Conical
Venturi
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Fan

Axial fan

Centrifugal fan
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Tube-fan

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Mixed-flow fan

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Centrifugal fan

Axial fan

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Variable/adjustable Pitch
Fan

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Compressed-air injectors

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ASSESSMENT OF FANS AND

BLOWERS

What is fan efficiency / performance?

Fan efficiency is the ratio between the power transferred to the air
stream and the power delivered by the motor to the fan. The
power of the airflow is the product of the pressure and the flow,
corrected for unit consistency.
Another term for efficiency that is often used with fans is static
efficiency, which uses static pressure instead of total pressure
in estimating the efficiency. When evaluating fan performance,
it is important to know which efficiency term is being used.
The fan efficiency depends on the type of fan and impeller. As the
flow rate increases, the efficiency increases to certain height
(peak efficiency) and then decreases with further increasing
flow rate. The peak efficiency ranges for different types of
centrifugal and axial fans.
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Fan Efficiency

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Penempatan Fan

Fan

Outlet unit

1. Fan with inlet-outlet duct

2. Forcing system

Fan

Outlet unit

3. Exhausting system

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Fan sentrifugal

Backward bladed-Centrifugal Impeller

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Velocity and Total Pressure

of Centrifugal Fan

a. Radial tip
Pt = VtVa
Pt = Vt2

b. Forward-curved
Pt = Vt(Vt + Vr cot )

Vt tangential velocity of blade

Va tangential velocity of air
U velocity of air relative to the blade
V absolute velocity of the air
blade angle in degrees
n fan speed in rpm
D diameter impeller plus blade
Q quantity of air

c. Backward-curved
Pt = Vt(Vt - Vr cot )

Va =Vt + Vr cot (m/s)

Vt = Dn/60 (m/s)
Vr = Q/A (m/s)
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Theoretical Centrifugal Fan

Characteristic Curves

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Actual Centrifugal Fan

Characteristic Curves

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Axial Fan

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Typical Axial Fan Characteristic

Curves
Pt = Vt(V1 V2)
Vt tangential velocity of blade
(V1 V2) change in the rotational component
of the absolute velocity.
(V1 V2) is varies along radius.

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Fan Laws

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Fan Laws

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Perubahan blade angle terhadap kurva

karakteristik fan dan total efisiensi

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Perubahan blade
angle terhadap
kurva
karakteristik fan
dan Fan Power

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Contoh fan
technical
specification

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Contra-rotating axial fan

A modification of the axial-flow fan. It consists of two impellers with aerofoil shaped blades that
rotate in opposite directions. The drive is by means of a single motor through differential gears,
or two separate motors, one for each impeller. They are placed in the airstream and act as
streamlined hubs. These fans are available for auxiliary ventilation in mines.

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Single vs. Contra-rotating axial

fan

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Pengaturan
Fan

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Pengaturan Fan

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Kondisi Stall

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Main Fan

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Auxiliary Fan

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Masalah
dalam
Instalasi Fan

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Pemeliharaan Fan

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Fan kombinasi: Series

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Fan kombinasi: Paralel

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Typical pressure gradient

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Fan
Evasees
and
Diffusers
(Pa)
(Pa)

Desain
A

L (m)
6.72

L/Rf
6

3.36

Re (m)
Rf (m)
2
1.12
1.3
1.12

Ae (m )
2
Af (m )
12.57
3.94
5.31
3.94

Ae/Af
3.19

1.35

Teta
Conv. Eff.
(deg)
7.46
0.6

3.07

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0.87

Q
m3/s
70
70

v
m/s
5.57
17.76

Hv (Pa)
18.62
189.31

Hr (Pa)
102.42

Pr (kW)
7.17

70
70

13.18
17.76

104.30
189.31

73.96

5.18

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Fan curves

Cikoneng

Cibitung

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Difficulties in assessing the

performance of fans and
blowers
In practice certain difficulties have to be faced when assessing the fan and
blower performance, some of which are explained below:
Non-availability of fan specification data: Fan specification data (see
Worksheet 1) are essential to assess the fan performance. Most of the
industries do not keep these data systematically or have none of these
data available at all. In these cases, the percentage of fan loading with
respect to flow or pressure can not be estimated satisfactorily. Fan
specification data should be collected from the original equipment
manufacturer (OEM) and kept on record.
Difficulty in velocity measurement: Actual velocity measurement
becomes a difficult task in fan performance assessment. In most cases
the location of duct makes it difficult to take measurements and in other
cases it becomes impossible to traverse the duct in both directions. If this
is the case, then the velocity pressure can be measured in thecenter of
the duct and corrected by multiplying it with a factor 0.9.
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Difficulties in assessing
the performance of fans
and
blowers
Improper calibration of the pitot tube,

manometer, anemometer & measuring

instruments: All instruments and other power
measuring instruments should be calibrated
correctly to avoid an incorrect assessment of fans
and blowers. Assessments should not be carried
out by applying correction factors to compensate
for this.
Variation of process parameters during tests:
If there is a large variation of process
parameters measured during test periods, then
the performance assessment becomes unreliable.
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Choose the right fan

Important considerations when selecting a fan
are (US DOE, 1989):

Noise
Rotational speed
Air stream characteristics
Temperature range
Variations in operating conditions
Space constraints and system layout
Purchase costs, operating costs (determined
by efficiency and maintenance), and operating
life
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Maintain fans regularly

Regular maintenance of fans is important to
maintain their performance levels.
Maintenance activities include (US DOE,
1989):

Periodic inspection of all system components

Bearing lubrication and replacement
Belt tightening and replacement
Motor repair or replacement
Fan cleaning
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Power consumption among flow control

options

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Perbandingan kelebihan dan

kekurangan terhadap metodemetode pengaturan fan

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