Performance Analysis Of Beams

With Partial Replacement Of

Coarse Aggregate
By Waste Materials
PROJECT STUDENTS

M. Dhanraj
S. Senthil Raja
V. Suthesan
GUIDED BY

E. K. Mohanraj, M.E, PhD

Objective
The main objective of this project is to analyze

the performance of beams by partially replacing

the coarse aggregate with waste materials such as
rubber, construction demolition & debris and
granite. We also compare the results
with conventional beam.

Advantages of Replacing
Materials
Sustainable development is achieved.
Land for dumping the waste is getting reduced.
Cost of construction is minimized.
Environmental pollution is minimized.
Cost of transportation is reduced.

Methodology
Grade of Concrete M-20
Size of the beam 100x150x1200 mm
Mechanical Properties Test

Compressive strength test

Split tensile strength test
Flexure strength test
Partial replacement of Coarse Aggregate by
Rubber(25%), by Granite(25%) and by
Construction Demolition & Debris(25%)

Work completed as on
date.
Characteristics Compressive Strength of Various

concrete Cubes calculated for M20 concrete with

partial replacement of Coarse Aggregate by
Rubber as shown in Table-1.

Cube size 150x150x150 mm

Cylinder size 150 mm dia x 300 mm
Prism size 100x100x500 mm
Beam size 100x150x1200 mm

Contd
Conventional beam
25% replacement of coarse aggregate by

rubber
25% replacement of coarse aggregate by
granite
25% replacement of coarse aggregate by
construction demolition & debris (C&D)
1% addition of steel fibre in conventional beam

Dimensions Size

Beam Details

Size: 100 mm x 150 mm x 1200 mm

10 mm Dia bars

6 mm Dia Stirrups @
100 mm c/c

CROSS SECTION

10 mm Dia 2 nos
6 mm Dia @ 100 mm c/c

LOADING
CYCLIC LOADING

W1

W2

Table - 1
Sl.
No

Replacement
Characteristics Compressive Strength in
of CA by
N/mm2
Cube-1
Cube-2
Cube-3 Average
Rubber

25 %

20.00

19.56

20.89

20.15

50 %

11.11

11.56

10.22

10.96

75 %

06.22

06.37

06.22

06.27

100 %

02.22

02.22

02.67

02.37

Table - 2
SI.
No.

Replacement
of CA by
Granite

Characteristics Compressive Strength in

N/mm2
Cube01
Cube 02 Cube 03 Average

25%

20.00

25.77

21.78

22.72

50%

27.56

24.89

25.78

26.07

75%

24.44

22.67

25.78

24.30

100%

25.78

27.11

23.11

25.33

Table - 3
SI.
No.

Replacement of
CA by
Construction
Demolish &
Debris

Characteristics Compressive Strength

in N/mm2
Cube01 Cube 02 Cube 03 Average

25%

28.00

28.88

27.55

28.14

50%

22.22

23.55

23.11

22.96

75%

24.88

22.22

23.75

23.61

100%

31.11

32.88

30.25

31.41

Table - 4

Type of concrete

1% addition of Steel
Fibre in
Conventional
Concrete

Characteristics Compressive Strength in

N/mm2
Cube01

Cube 02

Cube 03

Average

31.11

33.33

34.67

33.036

Test results of Flexural Strength of

Concrete beams after 28 days curing
Beam 1

Beam 2

Beam 3

Average
Flexural Strength
in N/ mm2

Conventional concrete

3.04

3.04

3.10

3.06

Concrete Beam with 25%

replacement of CA by
Granite
Concrete Beam with 25%
replacement of CA by
Rubber
Concrete Beam with 25%
replacement of CA by
Construction & Debris
Concrete Beam with 1%
addition of Steel
Fibre

3.04

3.08

3.10

3.07

1.78

1.75

1.89

1.80

2.96

3.00

3.25

3.07

4.35

4.70

4.95

4.66

Sl.
No

Name Of The Specimen

1
2

Flexural Strength
in N/ mm2

Test results of Split Tensile Strength

Concrete Cylinders after 28 days curing
SI.
No.

Name Of The Specimen

Split Tensile Strength

in N/ mm2
Cylinder1

Cylinder2

Cylinder3

Average
Split Tensile
Strength
in N/ mm2

Conventional concrete

1.98

2.54

2.26

2.26

Concrete Cylinder with

25% replacement of
CA by Granite
Concrete Cylinder with
25% replacement of
CA by Rubber
Concrete Cylinder with
25% replacement of
CA by Construction &
Debris
Concrete Cylinder with 1%
addition of Steel

1.98

2.68

2.40

2.35

1.27

1.41

1.24

1.306

3.25

2.82

2.97

3.01

3.75

3.00

3.96

3.57

Literature Collections
Characterization of Building-Related Construction
and Demolition Debris in the united states
Franklin Associates Prairie Village, KS
Construction Demolition and Debris (C&D) is waste material

that is produced in the process of construction, renovation,

or demolition of structures. Structures include buildings of
all types (both residential and nonresidential) as well as
roads and bridges. Components of C&D debris typically
include concrete, asphalt, wood, metals, gypsum wallboard,
and roofing. Land clearing debris, such as stumps, rocks, and
dirt, are also included in some state definitions of C&D
debris.

Contd
From Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia
(about the use of Granite in Construction Industry,
from Granite Industry)
GRANITE is a common and widely occuring type of intrusive,

felsic, igneous rock. Granite is always massive, hard and

tough, and it is for reason it has grained and widely used as a
construction stone. Average density of granite is 2.75 gm/
cm3

Contd
Emerging construction Technologies (Construction Engineering
and Management, CEM) Wang, Y., Wu, H. C., and Li, V. C. (2000)
Concrete reinforcement with recycled Rubbers
Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, ASCE, 12(4), 314-319
More than 250 million scrap tires weighing more than 3 million

tons are generated each year in the United States (Naik and
Siddique 2002). This is considered as one of the major
environmental challenges facing municipalities around the world
because waste rubber is not easily biodegradable even after a
long period of landfill treatment. One of the solutions suggested
is the use of tire rubber particles as additives in cement-based
materials. Although concrete is the most popular construction
material, it has some limited properties: low tensile strength, low
ductility, low energy absorption, and shrinkage and cracking
associated with hardening and curing (Wang et al. 2000). Several
studies performed recently showed application of the recycled
tire rubber might improve these weak characteristics of
concrete.

Test has done .

By using Cyclic Loading Test we analyzed

the behaviour of beams by Strength, first

crack load, stiffness and Energy
Absorption Capacity

Graphs

Cyclic Load Vs Deflection

Energy Absorption Graph
Stiffness Factor Graph

PREPARING OF AGGREGATE FROM

C&D

MIXING

CASTING OF BEAM

Conclusion
The following are the results of the experimental

investigation
Steel fiber provides Ductility. It allows beams to
deflect more and it also arrests the crack that
develops in the concrete
There by using waste materials environmental
pollution can also be minimized

Scope of Further work

At present with this project we have used only

steel fibers and some waste materials to

investigate some of the properties under cyclic
loadings.
For future work we are going to analyze by
changing the parameters such as
Changing load condition
Varying the volume fraction