Effect of Exhaust Gas Recirculation (EGR) on Performance

and Emission Characteristics of CI Engines

Presented by
Sangeeta Das
140370711008

Guided by
Prof.Imran Molvi
Mechanical Dept.
Parul University

The presentation is aimed at :

Comparing the experimental works of various authors on
effect of exhaust gas recirculation on reduction of
exhaust temperature.

To study the effect of EGR on increase in particulate

matter emission and probable means to reduce that.

Introduction

Vehicular Nox emissions are regulated by stringent

Environmental Legislations.
NOx formation is a highly temperature dependent .
In diesel Engines Engine Temp reaches upto 2000 Deg
K, leading to Nox formation.
To Control Nox emission exhaust temp Control can be
obtained by late injection of fuel into combustion
chamber.:- This decreases fuel efficiency.
Better method to reduce the exhaust gas temperature
is exhaust gas recirculation (EGR).
EGR Technology reduces Nox emissions but increase
unburned hydrocarbons and particulate matter in the
exhaust.

Contd

The three most popular theory for Nox reduction by EGR

technology are: Increased ignition delay and reduction in max Temp
achieved.
Increased heat capacity of the non-reacting matter during
combustion, thus lowering exhaust temperature.
Dilution of inlet gas with inert gas reducing the adiabatic
flame temperature.
At reduced loads, EGR is more effective as at higher loads
particulate matter production is more pronounced.

Contd
Increasing EGR increases the specific heat of intake charge
as exhaust gas has higher specific heat than fresh air.
The exhaust temp thus decreases with same heat release in
the combustion chamber.

ECR can be calculated from:

Literature Review of the 1st

Paper

B Jothithirumal et al investigated the effect of

different quantities of exhaust gas recirculation
on exhaust gas temp.

The experiment is conducted using 4 stroke 2

cylinder constant speed compression ingnition
engine.

Experimental Setups
B Jothithirumal et al

Contd
EGR system utilised: Long route Hot EGR system.
Air box installed to measure the volumetric
intake of air.
Modifications made to control the discharge
pulsations and measure EGR flowrate,.
Engine Test Conducted at speed of1500 RPM at
various loads and EGR openings.
The exhaust gas opacity was measured by
smoke opacity meter.
The engine was run at different loads at 1500
rpm with different EGR rated (0-100%)

Results B Jothithirumal et al

The Brake Thermal efficiency is slightly higher in Max EGR opening

for all load conditions

Results B Jothithirumal et al

Nox is comparatively less in 25% EGR valve

opening

Results B Jothithirumal et al

PM drastically increase when EGR is

implemented for all load conditions.

Literature Review of the 2nd Paper

Work of Jaffar Hussain Et al involved study of

performance and emmission characteristics of
engines under different EGR rates.

The experiment is carried out with three cylinder,

air cooled and constant speed direct injection
compression ignition engine.

Experimental Setups
Hussain Et al
The experiment was carried out with following setup:

Contd

The Engine was coupled to an ac generator

connected to a variable resistive load.
Air cooling is achieved by not providing
insulation in EGR recirculation line.
Suitable modifications were made to control
the EGR flow, dampen the engine pulsations
and measure EGR flowrate.
The exhaust gas opacity was measured by
smoke opacity meter.
The engine was run at different loads at 1500
rpm with different EGR rated (0-25%)

Results and discussions

Thermal efficiency of Diff ECR Rates

Thermal Efficiency is slightly increased at

Lower EGR rates because of reburning of
hydrocarbons

Results and discussions

Thermal efficiency of Diff ECR Rates

Thermal Efficiency is slightly increased at

Lower EGR rates because of reburning of
hydrocarbons

Results and discussions

Exhaust Gas temp increases with load

Results and discussions

As the EGR rate is incresed Volumetric

efficiency increases.

Results and discussions

As higher EGR rates hydrocarbon in exhaust

gas increases.

Results and discussions

Fig above shows the major benefit of diesel

engines, decreasing the NOx emissions

Conclusion and Discussions

Both the studies observed that, EGR is a useful

technology to reduce NOx emissions as it decreases
the effective discharge.
Hussain Et al observed a slight increase in Thermal
efficiency and thus decrease in fuel consumption with
the cold EGR setup, while B Jothithirumal et al didnt
find significant change in brake thermal efficiency at
lo EGR opening rates with long loop high temp EGR
setup.
Both the findings points to wards the fact that at
lower EGR rates of 15-25%, Nox reduction is
significant without much effect o engine performance.
At higher EGR openings and at high loads particulate
matter formation and smoke opacity increases.

References

Combined impact of Biodiesel an Exhaust gas recirculation

on NOX emissions in CI Diesel Engines.-

Effect of Exhaust gas recirculation on performance and emission

characteristics of Three cylinder direct injection compression ingnition
engine.