Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TYPES
WALLS:
A wall is a continuous, usually structure which is thin
relative to its length and height.
External walls help to provide shelter from our
environment (shelter against wind, rain and the daily
and seasonal variations of out side temperature, for
reasonable indoor comfort) and internal walls divide
buildings into rooms or compartments.
The walls should have sufficient strength and stability
to be self supporting and support roofs and upper
floors.
1. Cavity Walls:
* Idea proposed in 19th century and
developed in 20th century.
* The outer leaf and the cavity
serve to resist the penetration of
rain to the inside face and the
inner leaf to support floors,
provide a solid internal wall
surface and up to some extent act
as an insulation against transfer of
heat.
These are of various width, such as
2, 3, 4, 5, 6.
It is also used as thermal isolating
wall.
2. Partition Walls:
* A wall or division made of some material, so
as to divide a room,
portion, etc.
* Material could be of bricks, glass,
concrete, timber, etc.
* Non-load bearing structures.
* May be of folding or fixed type.
* Cheap, light, thin, fire-resistant and easy in
construction.
BEAMS
BEAMS:
GIRDERS
*The distinction between beams and girders is that the beam is
smaller member and may be supported by the girder.
* A girder is a large beam that usually has smaller beams
framing into it.
* A girder is a rolled steel section used as a flexural member.
* Plate girders are to be used when very large loads are to be
carried.
* A plate girder is built up consisting of top and bottom flanges
made up of angles and plates.
* The web consists of one or more steel plates.
* All the individual plates are riveted or welded together, since
plate girders are deep beams.
GIRDERS
*It is necessary to stiffen them laterally to prevent buckling
under high compressive forces in the top flange.
* Girders take their own load first and then take the load of
super structure. Girders are used in the construction of
bridges and beams.
COLUMNS
COLUMNS
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The vertical members of a structural frame are called columns and they
transfer floor and roof loads to the foundation.
Such loads cause stresses in the columns which are chiefly compression.
TRUSSES
TRUSSES
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PARTS OF TRUSSES:
- The points of intersection of the member of a truss are called
joints or some times panel points.
- The upper line of the members form the upper or top chord.
- The lower line forms the lower or the bottom chord.
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