PHILIPPINE HISTORY

Challenges to Spanish
Authority
(1560-1820s)

Overview

Portuguese and Dutch Threats

During the Spanish colonial periodin thePhilippines,
the Filipinos dreamed to achieve independence from
the harsh Spanish rule at that time.
The Filipinos began to fight the Spaniards the
moment they settled permanently in 1565 and
continued this resistance to the end of their rule in
1898.
The Philippine Revolt patterns must be treated
holistically and not separately.

Portuguese threats to
Spanish rule

General Gonzalo Pereira in 1566 &

1568 asked Legazpi to leave.
The Portuguese blockaded Cebu and
bombarded the Spanish settlement
(1570)
They failed to dislodged their rivals.
The incursions ceased only when
Portugal became part of the Spanish
Empire. (1580)

Dutch threats

They revolted against Spain and proclaimed

independence in 1579. Spain refused to
recognize Dutch independence.
Treaty of Westphalia in 1648 led to the
recognition of the Dutch independence.
1597 First Battle of Mariveles
1610- Second battle of Mariveles
1617- Battle of Playa Honda
1647- Dutchs last attack against the
Spanish.
- They were finally driven off.

Causes of Revolts:
Desire to regain the lost freedom of their

ancestors
( Political )
Religious intolerance of Spanish authorities
( Religious )
Abuses of the Spaniards ( Personal )
The hated tribute and oppressive forced
labor
Loss of ancestral lands

Causes of Filipino
Early Revolts

Desire to regain the lost freedom of

their ancestors (Political)
Religious intolerance of Spanish
authorities (Religious)
Abuses of the Spaniards
(Personal)
The hated tribute and oppressive
forced labor
Loss of ancestral lands

EARLY
REVOLTS

Lakandula
Date
Place

1574
Tondo, Navotas
Failure of Gov. Lavezares
Cause
to fulfill Legazpis
promise to Lakandula
Failed
Result
(enter into an agreement)

Tondo
Date
Place

1587
Tondo

Cause

Felling of hostility towards the

colonizer
Magat Salamat, Agustin de
Legazpi, Juan Banal & Pedro
Balingit

Leader
Result

Failed
(a spy reported to Spanish
authorities about the their plan)

Magalat
Date
Place
Cause
Result

1596
Cagayan
Abuses of the Tribute
Collectors
Failed
(Hired assassins killed the
Magalat.)

Ladia
Date
Place

1643
Malolos, Bulacan and
Southern Luzon
Weariness from Spanish
Cause
oppression
Leader
Pedro Ladia
Failed
Result
(leader was captured)

Pangasinan /
Malong
Date
1660- 1661
Place

Binalatongan,

Pangasinan
Cause
Leader
Result

Quarrel between Fr.

Gorospe and Malong
Andres Malong and
Pedro Gumpaos

Failed

Visayan/ Sumuroy
Date
Place

1649- 1650
Eastern Visayas, Northern
Mindanao, Zamboanga

Cause

Caused by Gov. Fajardos order to

send Visayan laborers to Cavite
for shipbuilding

Leade
r

Juan Ponce Sumoroy and

Pedro Caamug

Result

Failed
(Leaders were captured and were
beheaded.)

Pampanga
Date
Place
Cause
Result

1585
Pampanga
Abuses of Spanish
Encomienderos
Failed
(A woman betrayed the revolt. )

Cagayan- Ilocos
Date
Place
Cause
Result

1589
Cagayan, Ilocos Norte
Refusal to pay tributes,
tyranny of tribute
collectors
Failed
(easily suppressed )

Igorot
Date
Place
Cause
Result

1601
Northern Luzon
Desire to maintain their
old religion
Failed

Caraga
Date
Place
Cause
Result

1629- 1631
Caraga,
Northern Mindanao
Dissatisfaction of
townspeople to Spanish
rule
Failed

Silang
Date
Place
Cause
Leader
Result

1762- 1763
Ilocos
Desire to expel the Spaniards
from Ilocos
Diego silang and Gabriela
Silang
Failed
(Diego was assasinated )

Hermano Pule
Date
Place

1840- 1841
Quezon Province

Cause

Being a native, Pule was denied to

be admitted as a monk.
He founded the religious
brotherhood, Confradia De San
Jose

Leader
Result

Apolinario dela Cruz

Failed

WHY ALL THESE REVOLTS

FAILED?

The Spaniards
possessed
superior weapons
and were able to
employ native
volunteers and
mercenary
soldiers.
Lack of unity

Lukewarm spirit of
nationalism among
Filipinos

Inadequate training
and preparation for
warfare

The absence of a
national leader

MORO RESISTANCE
MORO name given by
the Spanish to the Muslims
of the South.
Most united groups were the Moro Wars in the South is the longest,
Muslims.
bloodiest, most frustrating attempt
Continuous military
expeditions by the Spaniards
failed to subdue them. They
fought back by raiding the
coastal towns under Spain.

by the Spaniards to colonize the

Southern Islands of Mindanao

It remained unconquered
& unconverted until the
end of Spanish rule.

Resistance in the Interior

and Mountainous Parts
Fierce resistance of the
people of the mountain or the
taong bundok

PROCESS:

Expensive and
frustrating for the Spaniards
but also very dangerous.
Ancient

beliefs and way of

life are less exposed to the
outside world which made
them more resistant to the
colonization whether Spanish
or even later incursions of
other colonizers.

Chinese
Presence
Chinese is most constant & steady
visitors of the country
Sangleys: traders who came and
went

Chinese
Presence
Parian
Chinese word palien meaning
union or federation

Chinese
Presence
All sorts of taxes were imposed on
Chinese
Abuses & oppression of the Chinese

Chinese
Presence
Chinese rebel in 1603
Tondo and Quiapo
It was easily suppressed
Eng Kang (leader) was beheaded

Chinese
Presence
Chinese had controlled the source of
livelihood and daily needs of both
Spaniards and Filipino