Chapter 3

Form 1

CHAPTER 3

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 Why the balloon inflate (mengembang)?

1. When baking soda and vinegar mix, carbon

dioxide gas is produced in a chemical reaction.
2. This causing the balloon to expand.
3. The carbon dioxide gas released into the air
causes the bubbling and fizzing
4. As conclusion, we exhale carbon dioxide gas with
every breath we take.

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 What is matter?

 MATTER is anything that has mass and

occupies space.
 Example: water , air, soil and other
living things.
 Matter has weight because its mass is
acted upon by the earth’s gravity.
 Matter has volume as it occupies space.
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Example of matter

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 Do you think
non-matter exist?

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 NON-MATTER

 Non-matter also exist (wujud).

 Its does not have mass and does not
occupy space.
 Example:gravity, light, sound, heat
and electricity.

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 Air (udara) is matter.
☺ Air
is matter because it has mass
and occupies space.

☺ How we do show that air has mass

and occupies space?
☺ The answer is through experiment.

☺ They are 2 experiment to show that

air has mass and occupies space.
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☺ They are 2 experiment to show that air has

mass and occupies space which are:

a) Air occupies space.

b) Air has mass.

Refer WAJA : CHAPTER 3- Understanding the

three states of matter.
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 Share the facts
 Gases are made up of particles.
 Gas terbentuk daripada zarah-zarah

 These particles move around constantly.

 Zarah-zarah ini bergerak ke sana dan ke
sini secara berterusan.

 Gases can fill a container of any size and

shape.
 Gas boleh mengisi ruang bekas tanpa
mengira saiz atau bentuk.

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 Water (air) is matter.
☺ Water also matter as it has mass and
occupies space.
☺ The mass of water can be determined using
a lever balance
☺ When poured into a container, water will
take the shape of container.
☺ The space occupied by water can be
measured using a measuring cylinder.

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 Share the facts
 Water can exist as a solid, liquid or gas.
 In the liquid state and gas state, it takes the shape
of the container it is in.
(dalam bentuk cecair dan gas, ia mengikut bentuk
bekas)

 In the solid state, it does not take the shape of

container.
(dalam bentuk pepejal, ais tidak mengikut bentuk
bekas.)

 It has a definite shape.

(bentuk yang tetap) 11
Soil (tanah) is matter

 Soil is matter.
 Soil has mass.
 The mass of soil can be measured
using lever balance.
 Soil also occupies space.

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THE THREE STATES OF
MATTER

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Dish and glass Water Hot Balloon

SOLID LIQUID GAS

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 What is matter made of?

1. The kinetic theory of matter is a

theory which states that matter is
made up of tiny and discrete
particles.

2. These particles are known as atoms

and molecules.

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3. These particles are always moving.

4. The movement of the particles in liquids and

gases is random (secara rawak).

This means that the movement is not in fixed

pattern (pergerakan tidak mempunyai corak
yang tetap)

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5. The movement of particles means that
particles have kinetic energy.

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 The three state of matter

1. Matter can exist in three states (keadaan),

namely solid, liquid and gas.

2. For example , ice is water in the solid state.

3. Water in the liquid state is called water.

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4. If water is boiled, it turns into
gas and is called steam.

5. If water changes into gas at

temperatures below 100°C, it is
called water vapour (wap air)

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next
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 The movement of
particles

Solid Liquid Gas

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What are you going to learn?

A student is able to :
 describe how man uses the different
states of matter,
 describe how man applies the
concept of density,
 carry out an activity to explore the
applications of the related to
density
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  Density is defined as :

The mass per unit volume of an object.

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 Can be calculated from the formula :

Density = Mass (g)

Volume (cm3)

 The unit used for density :

g cm-3
or
kg m-3 29
 The density of some common
materials
 If we know the density of an object, we
can tell whether it is pure (tulen) or not.
 For example,
If a gold nugget does not have density of
19.3g cm-3,
So it is not made of pure gold.

 Table of densities of some common material

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An iron ball has a volume of 12cm3 and a
mass of 48g. Find its density
Density = Mass (g)
Volume (cm3)
= 48g
12cm3
= 4 g cm-3

Therefore, density of iron ball is 4 g cm-3

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2

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3

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 Why do some object float
while the others sink?

An object with a higher density will sink in a

liquid with a lower density than itself.

An object with lower density will float on a

liquid with higher density than itself.

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Try this!

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Try this!

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 Raft

Hot air balloon Transport Logs

Submarine
Buoys

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Submarine

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Buoys

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