NON DESTRUCTIVE TESTING

(NDT)
Non Destructive testing is the technology
to
assessing the soundness and accessibility
of an
actual component without affecting the
functional
properties of the component.

DIFFERENT NDT METHODS USED

IN COMPOSITE MANUFACTURING
VISUAL EXAMINATION
COIN/ TAPPING TEST
ULTROSONIC TEST
X-RAY FLUROSCOPY
CT-SCAN

HOW TO SELECT THE NDT METHOD

FOR DIFFERENT COMPONENTS
Based on the type of the component
Based on the type of material used
Based on the Design Criteria
Based on the experience of the NDT specialist
Based on the criticality of the component
(Dynamic, Class 1, 2, 3)

VISUAL EXAMINATION
It is one of the best NDT technique for
all composite components
It is one of the best NDT method for
component made out of Kevlar
material.

TYPES OF DEFECTS IN
VISUAL EXAMINATION

Edge Delamination, Drilling, cutting, etc,

Resin Rich/Resin Break
Humps and Dips
Folds and Wrinkles
Cracks
Fibre damage/Fibre exposed
Improper compaction
White patches/Resin starvation

LIGHT, MIRRORS, MAGNIFYING

GLASS

TAP TEST/COIN TEST

It is one of the oldest, simplest and very effective
test method for Inspection Debond in the
metallic/Non metallic components. Which are
bonded with Adhesives. It can be done by using
specially designed Light Hammer or Coin.

TAP TEST

COIN TEST

WOODPECKER TEST

Colours of LED
indication and
corresponding
degrees of
bonding Quality

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST
(NDT)
ALL COMPOSITES PARTS ARE UNDERGOING
100% INSPECTION THROUGH
NONDESTRUCTIVE TEST (NDT) OF ULTRASONIC
TESTING

ULTRASONIC TESTING

Best test for composite parts of all

configuration (except for component
made out of Kevlar)

FOLLOWING DEFECTS CAN BE FOUND OUT IN THIS

METHODS

DELAMINATION
DEBONDING
IMPROPER COMPACTION
FOD

ULTRA SONIC TESTING

Different Systems :1. A-Scan
2. B-Scan
3. C-Scan

Different Methods :1. Contact method

2. Through Transmission
3. Immersion
4. Water jet method
Note: Reference panel is must for calibration with
known defects.

ULTRA SONIC TESTING

A-scan: A-scan display is basically
a plot of amplitude versus time, in
which a horizontal baseline on an
oscilloscope
screen
indicates
elapsed time while the vertical
deflections (called indications or
signals) represent echoes
The A-scan display, which is the
most widely
used format, can be used to
analyze the type, size, and location

ULTRA SONIC TESTING

Typical A-Scan Representation

ULTRASONIC
TESTING
B-scans: Presentation applies mostly in
medical application of ultrasonic and
generally
not
used
in
industrial
application. However when used it gives a
cross sectional view of the object.
This format provides a quantitative display
of time-of-flight data obtained along a line
of the testpiece. The B-scan display shows
the relative depth of reflectors and is used
mainly to determine size (length in one
direction), location (both position and
depth), and to a certain degree the shape

ULTRASONIC
TESTING
y
X

Sectional view from front

B-SCAN
Cross-sectional
view from front

Mostly Used for Medical

applications

At X-X

At Y-Y

ULTRASONIC
TESTING
C-scan: C-scan
display provides a
semiquantitative or quantitative
display of signal amplitudes obtained
over an area of the testpiece surface.
This information can be used to map
out the position of flaws on a plan
view of the testpiece. C-scan format
also records time-of-flight data,
which can be converted and
displayed by image-processing (CSCAN COLOUR PLOT) equipment
to provide an indication of flaw

C-SCAN SYSTEM
C-SCAN MACHINE

THROUGH TRANSMISSION
SQUIRTER TYPE C-SCAN
SYSTEM

C-SCAN COLOUR PLOT

NON-DESTRUCTIVE TEST
(NDT) - UT
MINIMUM DETECTABILITY OF DEFECT SIZE
THROUGH
ULTRASONIC
TESTING IS
5X5MM
AS PER DOCUMENT CALLED IN THE DESIGN
IS
10X10MM i.e.,100SQ MM

X-RAY (RADIOGRAPHY)
(DIFFERENTIAL ABSORPTION AS PER
DENSITY)

This test we are carrying

out for Sandwich parts

Core Damage
Inclusion (FOD)
Gap between core
and edge member
Gap between core
to core

TYPES
Film X-Ray
X-Ray fluoroscopy (On-Line)
(REAL TIME RADIOGRAPHY)
Voltage: 15-40 KV
Current: 8-10 mA
ENERGY LEVEL IN X-RAY
RADIOGRAPHY
METAL
: 200-400KV
COMPOSITES : 40KV
HUMAN
: 80-120KV

X- RAY RADIOGRAPHY
Core
damage

Inclusion

HONEY COMB
PARTS
Core
joining

Foaming adhesive
bonding of edge
member

Moisture/Water
in Honeycomb
cells

X- RAY RADIOGRAPHY

Foaming
Adhesive

Adhesion Between Cores

Computed Tomography (CT)

Computed Tomography (CT) is a
medical imaging method employing
tomography where digital geometry
processing is used to generate a threedimensional image of the internal
detailed information of an object
from a large series of two-dimensional
X-ray images taken around a single axis
of rotation.
The word "tomography" is derived from

COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY (CT-SCAN)

APPLICATIONS OF
COMPUTED TOMOGRAPHY
(CT-SCAN)

Flaw detection and

evaluation
Geometric dimension
measurement
Material characterization
Bond integrity testing
Health monitoring of

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