RADIASI

PERPINDAHAN PANAS

Session 1

Session 2

PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R.

PENDAHULUAN

Radiation differs from the other two heat

transfer mechanisms in that it does not require
the presence of a material medium to take
place.

In fact, energy transfer by radiation is fastest

(at the speed of light).

In most practical applications, all three modes

of heat transfer occur concurrently at varying
degrees heat transfer through an
evacuated space can occur only by radiation
(example : the energy of the sun reaches the
earth by radiation).
PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R.

PENDAHULUAN

The theoretical foundation of radiation was established in 1864 by physicist

James Clerk Maxwell, who postulated that accelerated charges or changing
electric currents give rise to electric and magnetic fields.

These rapidly moving fields are called electromagnetic waves or

electromagnetic radiation they represent the energy emitted by matter as
a result of the changes in the electronic configurations of the atoms or
molecules.

In 1887, Heinrich Hertz experimentally demonstrated the existence of such

waves.

Electromagnetic waves transport energy just like other waves, and all
electromagnetic waves travel at the speed of light in a vacuum, which is
C0 = 2.998 x 108 m/s

PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R.

PENDAHULUAN

Electromagnetic waves are characterized by their frequency or wavelength

these two properties in a medium are related by
c = the speed of light in the medium
The unit of wavelength is commonly the micrometer (m)

PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R.

PENDAHULUAN

What we call light is simply the visible

portion of the electromagnetic spectrum that
lies between 0.40 and 0.76 m.

Light is characteristically no different than

other electromagnetic radiation, except that
it happens to trigger the sensation of seeing
in the human eye.

Light, or the visible spectrum, consists of

narrow bands of color from violet (0.400.44
m) to red (0.630.76 m).

A body that emits some radiation in the

visible range is called a light source (the
sun).
PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R.

RADIASI BENDA HITAM

A body at a temperature above absolute zero

emits radiation in all directions over a wide
range of wavelengths depends on the
material of the body and the condition of its
surface as well as the surface temperature.

A blackbody is defined as a perfect emitter and

absorber of radiation.

At a specified temperature and wavelength, no surface can emit more

energy than a blackbody.

A blackbody absorbs all incident radiation, regardless of wavelength and

direction.

Also, a blackbody emits radiation energy uniformly in all directions per

unit area normal to direction of emission

PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

RADIASI BENDA HITAM

A blackbody is a diffuse emitter diffuse means independent of direction.

The radiation energy emitted by a blackbody per unit time and per unit surface
area was determined experimentally by Joseph Stefan in 1879 and expressed
as ( blackbody emissive power )

= 5.67 x 10-8 W/m2 K4 (StefanBoltzmann constant )

T = the absolute temperature of the surface in K

This relation was theoretically verified in 1884 by Ludwig Boltzmann.

Surfaces coated with lampblack paint approach idealized blackbody behavior

snow and white paint reflect light and thus appear white, but they are essentially
black for infra red radiation since they strongly absorb long-wavelength radiation .
PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

RADIASI BENDA HITAM

The relation for the spectral blackbody emissive power Eb was developed by
Max Planck in 1901 in conjunction with his famous quantum theory Plancks
law and is expressed as

This relation is valid for a surface in a vacuum or a gas.

For other mediums, it needs to be modified by replacing C1 by C1/n2, where n is

the index of refraction of the medium note that the term spectral indicates
dependence on wavelength.
PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

The wavelength at which the peak

occurs for a specified temperature is
given by Wiens displacement law
as

PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

RADIASI BENDA HITAM

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The radiation energy emitted by a blackbody per

unit area over a wavelength band from = 0 to
is determined from

A dimensionless quantity f called the blackbody

radiation function as

PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

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PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

CONTOH

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CONTOH

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CONTOH

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PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

Next Session

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PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

KORELASI-KORELASI

EMPIRIK

( Churchill & Chu )

All fluid properties are to be evaluated at the film temperature

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PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

KORELASI-KORELASI

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EMPIRIK

PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

KORELASI-KORELASI

EMPIRIK

( Churchill & Chu )

( Churchill )

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PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

CONTOH 1

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PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

CONTOH 1

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CONTOH 1

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CONTOH 2

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CONTOH 2

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CONTOH 2

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CONTOH 2

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QUIZ

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QUIZ

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(solution)

PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

QUIZ

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(solution)

PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

QUIZ

(solution)

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PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

QUIZ

(solution)

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PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

QUIZ

(solution)

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PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

HOMEWORK

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HOMEWORK

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PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R

SELAMAT BELAJAR

GOOD LUCK .

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PERPAN-TM FTUA - Iskandar R