Acidizare Curs Supervizori

Stimulation Part I Matrix
Stimulation
Quality responsible and Asset

Contract Administrator
29 -30.10.2013
Topics and contents

I Well matrix stimulation methods applied
in OMV Petrom
II. Chemichals used for acid and other
matrix stimulation
III. Generic matrix stimulation recipe and
order of chemicals mixing
IV. Tools used for acid solution mixing and
pumping
V. Mixing procedure for matrix treatment
solutions
V.1. mixing procedure for solvent
solution
V.2. mixing procedure for oxidizer
solution
V.3. mixing procedure for overflush
solution
V.4. mixing procedure for preflush
solution
V.5. mixing procedure for mainflush
mud acid solution using ABF and HCL
Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Administrator 29 -30.10.2013
Topics and contents

VI. Job execution procedure for matrix
treatment solutions
VI.1. rig up
VI.2. prime up and pressure test lines
VI.3. pumping solutions
VI.4. rig down
VII. waste management
VIII. General safety precautions for acid
solution preparation and job execution

Chemicals used for acid and

other matrix stimulation







P&ID for solvent pre-preflush

mixing

Tools and personnel involved

for solvent preflush mixing

Solvent preflush mixing steps

Mixing steps:
1. Check the recipe mentioned in the
stimulation project and the amount of the
chemicals. Check tags for all chemicals
recipients.
2. Check presence of MSDS in hard copy
for all chemicals present in recipe.
3. Check presence of first aid kit and spill
kit according with the list of chemicals used.
4. Check presence of emergency response
plan.
5. Check presence of qualified first aider
on location.
6. Check presence of fire fighters on
location.
7. Make safety meting and define roles
and responsibilities.

10 Administrator 29 -30.10.2013
Solvent preflush mixing steps

8. First crude oil is transferred into closed
tank trough handhole or if there is a circulation
inlet, through this inlet. If pumping truck has
circulation and fluid transfer facilities oil can
be transferred from cistern truck to pumping
unit tank connecting circulation pump or rotary
pump of the pumping unit tank. Transfer rate
50 - 300 l/min.
9. Solvent is transferred also in the same
manner as crude oil. Transfer rate 50 -100
l/min.
10. Ecostim surfactant is transferred using
transfer pump. Transfer rate 10-50l/min
11. Resulted mixture is circulated inside
closed tank using circulation pump (it is
preferable to use pumping unit incorporated
circulation pump or rotary pump). Circulated
volume must be minimum equal with fluid
volume. Circulation rate 500 1000 l/min.

P&ID for oxidizer solution

mixing


for oxidizer solution mixing

Oxidizer solution mixing

steps
recipients.
plan.
on location.
6. Perform safety meeting and define
roles and responsibilities.
7. First water is filtered and transferred
into mixing tank. Transfer rate 100- 300
l/min.

Oxidizer solution mixing

steps
8. Ammonium chloride is mixed in water
using jet mixer and circulation pump (or high
pressure pump). Circulation rate = 2000 l/min
for vacuum jet mixer and approx. 500 l/min
for hopper jet mixer. Mixing rate approx. 10
-15 kg/min.
9. Corrosion inhibitor is transferred in
mixing tank using transfer pump. Transfer
rate is 50 -100 l/min.
10. Ammonium persulfate is mixed in water
using jet mixer and circulation pump (or high
pressure pump). Circulation rate = 2000 l/min
for vacuum jet and approx. 500 l/min for
hopper jet mixer. Mixing rate approx. 10 -25
kg/min.
11. Resulted mixture is circulated inside tank
using circulation pump. Circulated volume
must be minimum equal with fluid volume.
Circulation rate 500 1000l/min.
P&ID for preflush solution

mixing


for preflush solution mixing

Recipe for preflush solution

(stage I)
Order for mixing
Description
Typical QUANTITY PER

m3
BASE FLUID (water)
300 -500 l
CLAY STABILIZER
15(Kg)
CHELANTING AGENT
(kg) 40
OXIGEN SCAVANGER
(Kg) 22
CORROSION INHIBITOR
7l
DEMULSIFIER
10 l
SOLVENT or ALCOHOL
70 l
ANTISLUDGE ADDITIVE
10 l
H2S SCAVANGER
10 l
10
ACETIC ACID
50 l
11
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
300 -500 l
12
FOAMER
10- 30 l

Preflush solution mixing

steps
recipients.
plan.
on location.
6. Perform safety meeting and define
roles and responsibilities.
7. Fresh water is filtered through filtration
unit (19) and transferred in preparation tank
(9);


steps
8. Ammonium chloride is mixed in tank using
jet mixer (12) and circulation pump (17) see
figure 32. Personal must wear protective
equipment and respect manipulation rules
according with MSDS of powder chemical used.
Jet mixer can be a vacuum jet mixer or a suction
jet mixer which mix powder chemicals into acid
solution tank. In this process circulation pump is
continuously circulating solution from tank
through mixer;
9. Circulation rate = 2000 l/min for vacuum
jet and approx. 500 l/min for hopper jet mixer.
Mixing rate approx. 10 -25 kg/min.
10. Citric acid is mixed in tank using jet mixer
(12) see figure 32. Personal have to wear
protective equipment and respect manipulation
rules according with MSDS of powder chemical
used. Circulation rate = 2000 l/min for vacuum
Mixing rate approx. 10 -25 kg/min


steps
11. Corrosion inhibitor Cronox 242 ES is
transferred in acid tank using chemicals
transfer pump (6). Transfer rate is 50 -100
l/min.
12. Demulsifier Ecostim is transferred in
acid tank using chemicals transfer pump (6).
Transfer rate is 50 -100 l/min.
13. Acetic acid is transferred in acid tank
using chemical transfer pump see figure
35. Manipulation and transfer is done
respecting rules stipulated in MSDS of the
product. Transfer rate 50 -100 l/min.
14. Hydrochloric acid is transferred in acid
tank using circulation pump (17) or
integrated circulation pump (4).
Manipulation and transfer are done following
the rules stipulated in MSDS of the product.
Recommended transfer rate 300 l/min.


steps
15. Mopeka Foamer is transferred in acid
tank using chemicals transfer pump (6)
see figure 32. Manipulation and transfer is
done respect rules stipulated in MSDS of the
16. Acid solution formed is circulated with
500 -1500 l/min using an independent
circulation pump (17) or circulation pump
integrated on Pumping unit (4). Circulated
volume will be minimum equal with volume
of preflush solution.
17. Acid remaining in containers is
neutralized with NaOH. PH is checked after

P&ID for mainflush solution

mixing


for preflush solution mixing

Recipe for mainflush solution

(stage II)
Order for mixing
Description
Typical QUANTITY PER

m3
BASE FLUID (water)
300 -500 l
CLAY STABILIZER
15(Kg)
CHELANTING AGENT
(kg)40
OXIGEN SCAVANGER
(Kg) 22
CORROSION INHIBITOR
7l
DEMULSIFIER
10 l
SOLVENT or ALCOHOL
70 l
ANTISLUDGE ADDITIVE
10 l
H2S SCAVANGER
10 l
10
ABF
15 - 45 kg
11
ACETIC ACID
50 l
12
HYDROCHLORIC ACID
300 -500 l
13
FOAMER
10- 30 l

Mainflush solution mixing

steps
Mixing steps
1.
Check the recipe mentioned in the
recipients.
2.
Check presence of MSDS in hard copy
3.
Check presence of first aid kit according
with the list of chemicals used.
plan.
5. Check presence of qualified first aider on
location.
6. Perform safety meeting and define roles
and responsibilities.
7. Fresh water is filtered through filtration
unit (19) and transferred in preparation tank
(10);

steps
8. Ammonium chloride is mixed in tank using
jet mixer (12) and circulation pump (17) see
figure 36. Personal must wear protective
equipment and respect manipulation rules
according with MSDS of powder chemical used.
Jet mixer can be a vacuum jet mixer or a suction
jet mixer which mix powder chemicals into acid
solution tank. In this process circulation pump is
continuously circulating solution from tank
through mixer. Circulation rate = 2000 l/min for
vacuum jet and approx. 500 l/min for hopper jet
mixer. Mixing rate approx. 10 -25 kg/min.
9. Citric acid is mixed in tank using jet mixer
(14) see figure 36. Personal must wear
protective equipment and respect manipulation
rules according with MSDS of powder chemical
used. Circulation rate = 2000 l/min for vacuum
Mixing rate approx. 10 -25 kg/min.


steps
10. Corrosion inhibitor Cronox 242 ES is
transferred in acid tank using chemicals
transfer pump (6);
11. Deemulsifier Ecostim is transferred in
acid tank using chemicals transfer pump (6).
Transfer rate is 50 -100 l/min.
12. Acetic acid is transferred in acid tank
using chemical transfer pump see figures
35, 36. Manipulation and transfer is done
respecting rules stipulated in MSDS of the
13. Ammonium Bifluoride is mixed in tank
using a jet mixer (12). It is recommended to
use a vacuum jet mixer in order to avoid
any splash of circulated fluid. Personal must
wear protective equipment and respect
manipulation rules according with MSDS of
powder chemical used see figure 37;


steps
14. Hydrochloric acid is transferred in acid
tank using circulation pump (17) or integrated
circulation pump (4). Manipulation and transfer
are done following the rules stipulated in MSDS
of the product. Recommended transfer rate
300 l/min.
15. Mopeka Foamer is transferred in acid tank
using chemicals transfer pump (6) see figure
36. Manipulation and transfer is done respect
rules stipulated in MSDS of the product.
Transfer rate 50 -100 l/min.
16. Acid solution is mixed using pump truck
for acid mixing (it is usually a 400 HHP
acidizing pumping unit). During this mixing by
circulation ammonium bifluoride reacts with
hydrochloric acid and forms hydrofluoric acid
according with the chemical equation:
[NH4]HF2 + HCl NH4Cl + 2HF
.

steps
Final concentration of HF in acid solution will
be 1.5%, for the composition in the example
above.
Advantages of the method comparing with
classical HF solution preparation:
- Operators do not manipulate anymore HF
acid directly.
- HF formed in the tank will have maximum
1.5 - 3% concentration, far lower than
concentrated HF which has 70%.
17. Acid remaining in containers is
neutralized with NaOH. PH is checked after
neutralization with pH paper. Final pH must
be higher than 6

JOB EXECUTION PROCEDURE

FOR MATRIX TREATMENT
SOLUTIONS Rig up
VI.1. Rig up
1. Check well position and particularities of
the rig area.
2. Elaborate HAZID for Rig Up Rig Down,
Mixing and Pumping.
3. Check if Emergency Response Plan is on
site and known.
4. Perform pre rig up meeting. Inform all
people involved about roles and
responsibilities.
5. Check inventory of all tools available
according with P&ID.
6. Check the equipment type and specs if it
is according with OMV Petrom Standard.
7. Check preventive maintenance
documents for all tools used and treating Iron.
Check is done by Service company supervisor
and workover supervisor is informed.
JOB EXECUTION PROCEDURE

FOR MATRIX TREATMENT
SOLUTIONS Rig up
8. Check connection with the well head
decide about maximum pressure test on the
wellhead and maximum testing pressure on
injection line.
9. Make rig up following-up the P&ID as
closely as possible; consult OMV Petrom
supervisor for any change from the
standard P&ID. Standard P&ID for typical
matrix treatment operations are presented
in Figure 38.
10. OMV Petrom Supervisor will check
safety elements: anchoring, hose pipe
coating, safety shower position, check
valves. In case of acid foam acidizing check
valves are mandatory on nitrogen and liquid
lines. This element is checked separately.

Typical P&ID for simple acid

job execution

P&ID for complex foam acid

job execution with data
acquisition

Prime up and pressure test

lines
1. Mark correctly high pressure area - use barrier
tape.
2. Announce the pressure test to all personnel
present prior to start.
3. Designate personnel to observe location and
warn of arriving personnel.
4. Use two way radio headsets to coordinate
operations.
5. Identify weak link (element which is lowest
pressure rated) prior to start test service company.
6. Check presence and functionality of the
overpressure bleed off valve.
7. Job supervisor will call start (he is the only
person that can call start up or shut down).
8. Prime the pump with overflush solution
(operational fluid).
9. Test up to maximum pressure anticipated +
100 bars extra but do not exceed maximum
pressure specified for the weak link.

Prime up and pressure test

lines
10. Record and hold pressure test for 10
minutes or supervisor specifications.
11. In case of foam acidizing nitrogen lines are
tested separately with nitrogen up to the
maximum working pressure + 100 bars.
12. If they are identified leaks, pressure is
bleed off.
13. Leaking elements are disconnected only
after pressure bleedoff is confirmed (Never
hammer pressurized iron).
14. Red-Tag bad iron.
15. If first test has failed pressure test is
repeated.
16. If pressure test is confirmed as good by job
supervisor and workover supervisor. Test is
considered finished only when OMV Petrom
representative (workover supervisor) is
confirming it.
17. Pressure is bleed off.
Pumping solutions
1. Check presence of ERP (Emergency
Response Plan) and revise the main issues.
2. Check presence of HAZID and resume the
main point related to pumping.
location.
4. Perform safety meeting prior to start the
job. All the personnel involved in the operation
will participate to the safety meeting. Check
presence of job design in written on location.
Present to all participants job execution main
steps as per design. For complex acidizing
operations pumping schedule will be distributed
in hard copy to all participants to job execution.
5. Assign personnel to observe location and
warn of arriving personnel.
6. Assign personnel as per experience for all
functionalities.
7.

Pumping solutions
Use two way radio headsets to coordinate
operations. Communication is checked
before starting the job with all personnel
involved in the job.
8. Pumping schedule is executed
according with project design:
8.1. Pumping of solvent preflush (if
applicable)
Pump primed is checked one again in order
to avoid presence of air in pump. Solvent is
pumped from closed tanks preferable tank
incorporated in pumping unit.
8.2. Pumping of oxidizer solution (if
applicable)
Oxidizer in most of the cases is just placed
in perforation and then circulated out after
the reaction break. It is flushed with
overflush fluid (operational fluid)
Pumping solutions
8.3. Pumping of preflush solution.
Preflush solution is pumped following up the
pumping schedule and never exceeding the
fracturing pressure. In case that solution is
foamed with nitrogen a dynamic foam
calculator is used in real time in order to
maintain foam quality and keep BHP below
fracturing pressure.
8.4. Pumping of mainflush solution.
Mainflush solution is pumped following up
the pumping schedule and never exceeding
the fracturing pressure. In case that solution
is foamed with nitrogen, a dynamic foam
calculator is used in real time in order to
maintain foam quality and keep BHP below
fracturing pressure.
8.5. Pumping of overflush solution.

Pumping solutions
Overflush solution is pumped having the same
restriction about maximum injection pressure
that has not to exceed the fracturing pressure
according with fracture design.
9. Acid remaining in tanks is neutralized
starting with HF/HCl tank.
During pumping follow up the following main
rules:
Emergency stop job in case that required by
superior.
If problems, notify supervisor and wait for
directions to act.
Manage pumping schedule STOP if needed.
Pump always water (operational fluid) after
acid prior to finish job.
For foam acidizing have always functional
check valves on both lines (nitrogen and
acid).
Rig down
1. Stand by equipment until notified the job
is over.
2. Confirm job completion prior to start.
3. Close the well or divert it into manifold in
case that has to be started without reaction
break.
4. Check presence of ERP (Emergency
Response Plan) and revise the main issues.
5. Check presence of HAZID and resume the
main point related to rig down.
6. Pre-rig down meeting.
7. Close ground valve.
8. Close tank valves.
9. Bleedoff pressure; confirm pressure
bleedoff.
10. Open all remaining valves after bleedoff
prior to start disconnection. Keep open
communication with supervisor all time.
Rig down
11. Roll up sensor cables (15 min after shut
in if applicable).
12. Rig down iron and hoses. Neutralize all
spills and acid remaining in hoses.
13. Neutralize dead volumes using NaOH.
Final minimum pH is 6 and maximum is 10.

WASTE MANAGEMENT
1. Check tags of all remaining recipients
and amount of remaining chemicals.
2. Check presence of MSDS in hard copy for
all chemicals listed on tags.
3. Check presence of first aid kit according
with the list of chemicals used.
plan.
location.
6. Load empty chemicals recipients
respecting loading plan and MSDS. Avoid as
much as possible direct human contact with
empty chemical containers. Use tools for
manipulation and lifting.
7. Treat spills using spill kit.
8. Evacuate empty containers from well
location.
GENERAL SAFETY
PRECAUTIONS FOR ACID
SOLUTION PREPARATION AND
JOB EXECUTION
HAZID for Rig-up/Rig-down Mixing and

Pumping must be elaborated and adapted for
every job.
Prior to start mixing check if mixer and
transfer pump are rated for mixing/transfer
highly aggressive chemicals.
Keep close to mixing site the fresh water
source. It should be specially designed safety
shower and can be also a different fresh water
source that can be used to clean body in case
of an incident. Use a gentle water flow when
washing eyes.
Prior to mixing, antidote drugs must be
identified according with MSDS of all chemicals
and inventory of first aid kit must be done.
Wear a dust mask when handling
powders. Inhaling of any powdered material
can be irritating.
GENERAL SAFETY
JOB EXECUTION
Wear appropriate PP equipment function of

chemicals mixed. Special PP must be worn
especially when dangerous substances are mixed.
People directly exposed to chemicals will wear all
the same protective equipment.
Only people involved in mixing process are
operating close to the mixer or transfer pump, all
the rest not involved will stay at safe distance from
mixing site.
When mixing is done on top of tank all
personnel involved must be assured with safety
devices against falling.
Wear goggles all time during acidizing process
because leaks in pump lines can occur when
acidizing a well under pressure. Cementing truck
pumps, which can be used occasionally for acid
jobs, may leak; however, these trucks do not leak
cement slurries under the same conditions. Watch
the truck lines and connections closely when
pressure is first applied.
-

GENERAL SAFETY
JOB EXECUTION
Use caution when handling the acid hose while

loading truck tanks and disconnecting lines. Acid
may be left in the hose sections from a previous
job.
When working with acid under pressure, warn
others on the location of possible danger if they
are not at a safe distance.
Ensure that each acid pump truck or transport
truck is furnished with a first aid kit containing
soda (sodium bicarbonate) for acid burns. Drivers
and operators should ensure that the kit is always
accessible in case of an emergency.
In most of the cases, wash chemical spills with
water. Information concerning toxicity of other
additives is contained in field bulletins. Any clothes
contaminated with chemicals should be removed
and not worn again until they have been
thoroughly washed. Some chemicals can be
adsorbed through the skin.
-

GENERAL SAFETY PRECAUTIONS

FOR ACID SOLUTION
PREPARATION AND JOB
EXECUTION
For HF acid solution, calcium gluconate gel or

hexafluoride antidote is mandatory. In case
of HF contamination, remove clothes, clean
with water first and add gel of hexafluorine
on affected skin. Transport injured personnel
to hospital immediately after first aid.
Keep a solution of 1 teaspoon soda to
0.5 liters of water for washing eyes. Dry soda
can be applied directly to the skin and then
rinsed with water. However, it is best to rinse
away any acid or chemicals with clear water
before applying dry soda or rinsing with the
soda solution. This is particularly important
when acid has splashed in eyes. Do not use
dry soda in eyes.
Have on location a professional first
aider for all highly hazardous jobs.
-

GENERAL SAFETY
JOB EXECUTION
No smoking is allowed on an acid tank.

Tanks containing acid or those that had acid
in them may have explosive mixtures
trapped inside. Hydrogen gas may be
trapped in the tank. It can result from the
action of acid on steel.
One part hydrogen mixed with 24 parts
air makes an explosive mixture. For this
reason, loading hoses have no metal
connections that might strike the tank and
cause a friction spark that could ignite an
explosion.


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Stimulation Part I Matrix

Quality responsible and Asset

Topics and contents

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Topics and contents

solution preparation and job execution

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Chemicals used for acid and

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Chemicals used for acid and

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Chemicals used for acid and

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Chemicals used for acid and

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

P&ID for solvent pre-preflush

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Tools and personnel involved

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Solvent preflush mixing steps

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Solvent preflush mixing steps

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

P&ID for oxidizer solution

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Tools and personnel involved

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Oxidizer solution mixing

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Oxidizer solution mixing

P&ID for preflush solution

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Tools and personnel involved

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Recipe for preflush solution

Typical QUANTITY PER

BASE FLUID (water)

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Preflush solution mixing

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Preflush solution mixing

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Preflush solution mixing

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Preflush solution mixing

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

P&ID for mainflush solution

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Tools and personnel involved

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Recipe for mainflush solution

Typical QUANTITY PER

BASE FLUID (water)

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Mainflush solution mixing

Mainflush solution mixing

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Mainflush solution mixing

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

Mainflush solution mixing

Mainflush solution mixing

Quality responsible and Asset Contract

JOB EXECUTION PROCEDURE

JOB EXECUTION PROCEDURE