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IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
Lavinia
Lee Jessie
Lew Ya En
Kabilen
Cold Chain
Definition:
The vaccine cold chain is a
temperature-controlled environment
used to maintain and distribute
vaccines in optimal condition
Place of
manufacture
Administrat
ion
Well-trained
personnel
Efficient
manageme
nt
procedures
Functioning vaccine
administered to people
Damage vaccines
Decreased potency of
vaccines (irreversible
process)
Useless vaccine (offers
no benefit to
consumers)
Storage of vaccine
GENERAL GUIDANCE
CDC recommends
transport with a
portable refrigerator
unit
If not available, use
a hard-sided
insulated cooler with
at least 2-inch walls
Coolant packs that are frozen
have to be conditioned first by
leaving them at room
temperature for 1-2 hours until
edges have defrosted and pack
looks like its sweating (frozen
Transporting Varicella-containing
Vaccines
Varicella is a live vaccine- sensitive to heat
CDC does not recommend transporting
them
If have to be transported, CDC
recommends transport in a portable freezer
unit that maintains the temperature
between -50C and -15C
If cant use portable freezer, use same
packing layers as mentioned above but do
not defrost coolant packs
2.Shipping
In order for shipping to proceed smoothly. There
are few things to be looked into.
Cool box
Temperature: 2-8C
Transport vaccine supplies from one fixed vaccine
store to another and from vaccine stores to health
facilities
Temporarily store vaccines when the refrigerator is
out of order or being defrosted
Vaccine Carrier
Temperature:
2-8C
Used for transporting
vaccines from health
facilities with refrigeration to outreach
sessions where refrigeration and ice are not
available.
DOCUMENTS
MONITORING MEANS
Twice daily temperature
sheet:
Refers to the sheet on
which the temperature is
indicated morning and
evening, everyday of the
month. Any maintenance
work done is also
indicated.
Monitoring card:
CONTROL MONITOR
Vaccine Vial Monitor
(VVM)
VVM is a label containing
heat sensitive material
that is placed on a
vaccine vial to register
heat exposure
(WIC)
at regional level
Storage up to 3 months
2. Deep Freezers
at district & PHC levels
temp: -15oc to -25oc
at PHC, used only for
the preparation of ice
packs
3. Ice Lined
Refrigerators (ILR)
Both at distict and PHC
levels
Temp: +2oc to +8oc
ILR's are top opening,
can hold cold air inside
better than front
opening refrigerators
Placing Vaccines in
Refrigerator
Diluent Storage
Store diluent as directed in manufacturers
product information
Store refrigerated diluent with
corresponding vaccine (these diluents may
contain vaccine antigen)
Never store diluents in the freezer
Label diluent to avoid inadvertent use of
the wrong diluent when reconstituting a
vaccine
IMPORTANCE OF MAINTAINING
VACCINE POTENCY
WHAT IS
IMMUNIZATION
TYPES OF VACCINE
Live, attenuated vaccines
Inactivated vaccines
Polysaccharide
vaccines(pure/conjugated)
VACCINE PREVENTABLE
DISEASES
Tuberculosis
Hepatitis A & B
Diphtheria
Tetanus
Whooping Cough
Rubella
Measles, Mumps
Haem Influenza type b
IMPORTANCE OF VACCINE
HERD IMMUNITY
Community Immunity
Achieved by vaccinating large number of people in a
population.
As not everyone is able to get vaccinated
(pregnant women, immunocompromised
individuals, infants) ,having the majority of
the population vaccinated against a disease
gives protection to the unvaccinated.
In order to prevent major disease outbreak,
it is thus vital for governments to ensure the
community is vaccinated against otherwise
fatal diseases.
IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE IN
MALAYSIA
Age
Vaccine
New born
1 month
2 month
1st dose:
Diptheria, Tetanus, accellular Pertussis (DTaP)
Haemophilus influenzae b (Hib)
Inactivated Poliovirus (IPV)
3 month
2nd dose:
DTaP
Hib
IPV
5 month
3rd dose:
DTP
Hib
IPV
6 month
3rd dose:Hepatitis B
Measles (Sabah only)
10month
12month
18month
4th dose:
DTP
Hib
IPV
3rd dose:JE (Sarawak only)
4 years
7years
13years
15years
Tetanus (TT)
Optional Vaccines in
Malaysia
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6 WEEKS :Rotavirus
2 MONTHS : Pneumococcal
6 MONTHS : Influenza
10 MONTHS : Hepatitis A
12 MONTHS :Chicken pox
Other vaccinations:
- Tetanus and diphtheria
- Pertussis
- MMR
- Polio
- Meningococcal meningitis
- JE
- Hep B
- Typhoid
- Cholera
Medications:
Travellers diarrhoea (protect against
water-borne pathogens)
* antibiotics(ciprofloxacin,levofloxacin)
* Bismuth subsalicylate( Pepto-Bismul)
Malaria chemoprophylaxis (endemic
areas)
*chloroquine, primaquine
YELLOW CARD.pdf
Country vaccinations list.pdf