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Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
From Chapter 9
GeometricObject
-color: String
-filled: boolean
-dateCreated: java.util.Date
+GeometricObject()
Creates a GeometricObject.
+getColor(): String
+isFilled(): boolean
+getDateCreated(): java.util.Date
+toString(): String
Rectangle
Circle
-radius: double
-width: double
+Circle()
-height: double
+Circle(radius: double)
+Rectangle()
+getRadius(): double
+getWidth(): double
+getArea(): double
+getPerimeter(): double
+getHeight(): double
+getDiameter(): double
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
Abstract Classes
GeometricObject
-color: String
-filled: boolean
The # sign indicates
protected modifer
-dateCreated: java.util.Date
#GeometricObject()
+getColor(): String
+setColor(color: String): void
+isFilled(): boolean
+setFilled(filled: boolean): void
+getDateCreated(): java.util.Date
+toString(): String
+getArea(): double
+getPerimeter(): double
GeometricObject
Rectangle
Circle
-radius: double
-width: double
+Circle()
-height: double
+Circle(radius: double)
+Rectangle()
+getRadius(): double
+getWidth(): double
+getDiameter(): double
Circle
Rectangle
+getHeight(): double
+setHeight(height: double): void
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
NOTE
An abstract method cannot be contained in
a nonabstract class. If a subclass of an
abstract superclass does not implement all
the abstract methods, the subclass must be
declared abstract. In other words, in a
nonabstract subclass extended from an
abstract class, all the abstract methods
must be implemented, even if they are not
used in the subclass.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
NOTE
An abstract class cannot be instantiated
using the new operator, but you can still
define its constructors, which are invoked
in the constructors of its subclasses. For
instance, the constructors of
GeometricObject are invoked in the Circle
class and the Rectangle class.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
NOTE
A class that contains abstract methods
must be abstract. However, it is possible to
declare an abstract class that contains no
abstract methods. In this case, you cannot
create instances of the class using the new
operator. This class is used as a base class
for defining a new subclass.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
NOTE
A subclass can be abstract even if its
superclass is concrete. For example, the
Object class is concrete, but its subclasses,
such as GeometricObject, may be abstract.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
NOTE
A subclass can override a method from its
superclass to declare it abstract. This is
rare, but useful when the implementation
of the method in the superclass becomes
invalid in the subclass. In this case, the
subclass must be declared abstract.
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
NOTE
You cannot create an instance from an
abstract class using the new operator, but
an abstract class can be used as a data
type. Therefore, the following statement,
which creates an array whose elements are
of GeometricObject type, is correct.
GeometricObject[] geo = new
GeometricObject[10];
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
10
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
11
Interfaces
An interface is a classlike construct that contains only
constants and abstract methods. In many ways, an interface
is similar to an abstract class, but an abstract class can
contain variables and concrete methods as well as constants
and abstract methods.
To distinguish an interface from a class, Java uses the
following syntax to declare an interface:
12
13
Define Interfaces
Suppose you want to design a generic method to
find the larger of two objects. The objects can be
students, dates, or circles. Since compare methods
are different for different types of objects, you need
to define a generic compare method to determine
the order of the two objects. Then you can tailor the
method to compare students, dates, or circles. For
example, you can use student ID as the key for
comparing students, radius as the key for
comparing circles, and volume as the key for
comparing dates. You can use an interface to define
a generic compareTo method, as follows:
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
14
Example of an Interface
// This interface is defined in
// java.lang package
package java.lang;
public interface Comparable {
public int compareTo(Object o);
}
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
15
new
new
new
new
16
(a)
String s1 = "abcdef";
String s2 = "abcdee";
String s3 = (String)Max.max(s1, s2);
(b)
17
GeometricObject
Rectangle
interface
java.lang.Comparable
+compareTo(o: Object): int
ComparableRectangle
-
ComparableRectangle
You cannot use the max method to find the larger of two instances of Rectangle,
because Rectangle does not implement Comparable. However, you can declare a
new rectangle class that implements Comparable. The instances of this new class
are comparable. Let this new class be named ComparableRectangle.
ComparableRectangle rectangle1 = new ComparableRectangle(4, 5);
ComparableRectangle rectangle2 = new ComparableRectangle(3, 6);
System.out.println(Max.max(rectangle1, rectangle2));
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
18
Constructors
Methods
Abstract
class
No restrictions
Interface
All variables
must be public
static final
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
19
public interface T1 {
public static final int K = 1;
public abstract void p();
}
Equivalent
public interface T1 {
int K = 1;
void p();
}
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
20
Interface1_1
Object
Interface2_2
Interface1
Interface2_1
Class1
Class2
21
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
22
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
23
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
24
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
25
Liang, Introduction to Java Programming, Sixth Edition, (c) 2007 Pearson Education, Inc. All
rights reserved. 0-13-222158-6
26