UNIT II

PRESENTATION
By :
LALIT KUMAR HISSARIA
12CS38

CONTENT

Object
Class
Class data member
Difference between structure &
class
Specifier
1.private
2.public
3.protacted

CONTENT

Constructor
Destructor
Friend function
This pointer
New & Delete operators
Static class member

CONTENT

Features of object oriented

programming language:1. Encapsulation
2. Inheritance
3. polymorphism

OBJECT

It is a user define data type. It is

derive from structure.
Object is an instance of class. Here
instance means image or copy. So
we can say object is a physical
image of class while class is logical.
For example is fruit is class & apple
is object.

CLASS

It is also user define data type. It is

derive from structure.
Class is the collection of method &
properties. Here method means
function & properties means
variables.
Class is the logical entity.

DIFFERENCE BETWEEN CLASS &

STRUCTURE:

The basic difference between class

and object we declare a variable of
structure type where as we create
an object of class type.
In structure we cannot use the
access specifier like public, private,
protected but in class we can usage.
The scope of the structure by
default public but the class by
default private.

ACCESS SPECIFIERS
1. PUBLIC:It will define the class
member within a public section or
publicly then it means it can be excess
any be where in the program and in
other program also.
2. PRIVATE:It will define any class
member as private then it means it can
excess only in a class or in same class

3. PROTECTED:If any class member

as protected then it means it can be
excess in same class and it can also
excess in child classes of that class
but not in other class.

CONSTRUCTOR:-

It is a special method of a class.

It is a special because it call automatically
when any object of the class is created.
The constructor method is called by an
operating system.
C++ has its own constructor that is called
default constructor which is called when we
does not create any constructor method
into a class.
The default constructor is mainly used for
initialize an object into a memory.

Rules of constructor:

The constructor name and the class

name must be same.
Constructor is the method but it has
no return type.
It should be public but we can also
create the private constructor but in
that class.
One constructor can be called by single
object at a time. It means by one object
we can call one constructor at a time.

Types of constructor:Mainly constructor is divided into

two main categories:1. Parameterize constructor
2. Non parameterize
constructor
1.Parameterize constructor:In this type of constructor
we can pass the parameter threw
constructor method threw an object.

2. Non parameterize constructor :It is also called

the default constructor. In this type of
constructor we cannot pass of
parameter an object.

DESTRUCTOR:

It is also a special method of a class like

constructor. It is automatically remove
when program is terminated or end.
It is used for destroy the object which is
initialize by constructor.
The class name and the destructor name
must be same but with destructor ~ tiled
sign.
The overloading of destructor cannot be
possible means we cannot create more
then one destructor method into a class.

Destructor cannot be parameterized.

It is always non parameterized.
C++ has its default destructor also
which is called when there is
destructor method defined in class.
We defined own destructor because
we allocate the run time memory
like in case of dynamic constructor
then we have to create own
destructor which can automatically
allocated the memory by using
delete operation.

ENCAPSULATION:

It is one of the important feature of

object oriented programming
language.
Encapsulation means to wrap or
bind the data and function into a
single unit that is called class.
Encapsulation provides the security
of data.
We can implement the concept of
encapsulation by class and object.

INHERITANCE:

It is also important feature of object

oriented programming language.
It is the concept of reusability means
once we create a class then we can use
it multiple times according to our
requirement. In other words we can say
that we can create or built a new class
by inherit by the features of classes.
The main advantages of inheritance is
reduce the complexity of code.

TYPES OF INHERITANCE:

1. Single level inheritance

2. Multilevel inheritance
3 Multiple inheritance
4. Hierarchical inheritance
5. Hybrid inheritance

1. Single level inheritance:In this type of

inheritance there is only two class:(1) Base class
(2) Derived class

(base)

(child) B

2. Multilevel inheritance:
In this inheritance one
class can be as child class but it is one
class can have only single child and
single parent at a time.

A
B
C

3. Multiple inheritance:one class can have

multiple parent at a time but it is not
that parent class has only single child
class at a time.

A AAA
C

4. Hierarchical inheritance:One class can have

multiple child at a time but it is not
that child class has only a single
parent at a time.

5. Hybrid inheritance:It is also called

multipath inheritance because we can
access the features of one class in
multiple classes called hybrid because
it is a combo of two or more types of
inheritance.
A

C
D

POLYMORPHISM:

It is one of the important feature of

objected oriented programming
language.
It is Greek word which is derive
from two words the first is poly
which means many and the second
is morphism which means forms. So
we can say polymorphism means
many form of an object.

TYPES OF
POLYMORPHISM:

It has two types:1. compile time polymorphism

2. run time polymorphism

Polymorphism

Compile time
time

Function
Pure Virtual
Overloading
function

Run

Operator
Overloading

Virtual
function

1.Compile time polymorphism:It is also called static

binding or early binding because at
compile time only it is decided that
which specific method or a function
called.
It is increment by two ways:(1) function overloading
(2) operator overloading

2. Run time polymorphism:It which at a run time it is

that which specific method of which
class is called.
-> Run time polymorphism can be
implement only in case of inheritance.
-> It is also called dynamic binding or
late binding.
-> we can implement the run time
polymorphism by two ways:(1) Virtual function
(2) Pure virtual function

Thank
You