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Equivalent Circuit
When the rotor is locked (or blocked), i.e. s =1, the
ER sER 0
Where ER0 is the largest value of the rotors induced voltage
obtained at s = 1(loacked rotor)
Equivalent Circuit
The same is true for the frequency, i.e.
It is known that
fr s fe
X L 2 f L
X r r Lr 2 f r Lr
2 sf e Lr
sX r 0
Equivalent Circuit
Then, we can draw the rotor equivalent circuit
as follows
Equivalent Circuit
Now we can calculate the rotor current as
ER
IR
( RR jX R )
sER 0
( RR jsX R 0 )
Dividing both the numerator and denominator by s so
ER 0
(
RR
jX R 0 )
s
Where ER0 is the induced voltage and XR0 is the rotor reactance
at blocked rotor condition (s = 1)
Equivalent Circuit
Now we can have the rotor equivalent circuit
Equivalent Circuit
We can rearrange the equivalent circuit as
follows
Actual
rotor
resistance
Resistance
equivalent to
mechanical
load
Equivalent Circuit
Now as we managed to solve the induced voltage and different
I2
IR
aeff
E1 aeff ER 0
aeff
NS
NR
Power relations
Pin 3 VL I L cos 3 V ph I ph cos
PSCL 3 I12 R1
ind
Pconv
Power relations
Pin 3 VL I L cos 3 V ph I ph cos
PSCL 3 I12 R1
R2
3I
s
2
2
PRCL 3I 22 R2
R2 (1 s )
3I
s
2
2
ind
PRCL
PRCL (1 s )
Pconv
(1 s) PAG
m
(1 s )s
Power relations
PAG
Pconv
1s
PRCL
s
s : 1-s
VTH
jX M
V
R1 j ( X 1 X M )
| VTH || V |
RTH jX TH ( R1 jX 1 ) // jX M
XM
R12 ( X 1 X M ) 2
VTH
XM
V
X1 X M
RTH
XM
R1
X 1 X M
X TH X 1
ZT
VTH
2
RTH
R2
( X TH X 2 ) 2
s
R2 (1 s )
3I
s
2
2
Pconv
R2
3I
Pconv
PAG
s
(1 s)s
s
s
2
2
ind
3
s
VTH
2
RTH
ind
R2
( X TH
s
RTH
R2
s
2
X2)
R2
3V
s
2
R2
( X TH X 2 ) 2
s
2
TH
Torque-speed characteristics
Comments
1. The induced torque is zero at synchronous speed.
Discussed earlier.
2. The curve is nearly linear between no-load and full load.
Comments
4. The starting torque of the motor is slightly higher than its
Maximum torque
Maximum torque occurs when the power transferred to R2/s
is maximum.
This condition occurs when R2/s equals the magnitude of the
impedance RTH + j (XTH + X2)
R2
2
RTH
( X TH X 2 ) 2
sTmax
sTmax
R2
2
RTH
( X TH X 2 ) 2
Maximum torque
The corresponding maximum torque of an induction motor
equals
max
2s
3VTH2
R R2 ( X
TH
TH
TH
X 2 ) 2
Maximum torque
Rotor resistance can be increased by inserting external
Maximum torque