DEVELOPING A REVIEW OF

RELATED LITERATURE
The Practice to Writing A Review
Prof. Dr. Teguh Budiharso, M.Pd

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing; HP 0

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YOUR JOB NOW

The use of CTL to Improve Speaking Ability of
the Second Grade students of SMUN Smd
Vocabulary mastery in English textbook of the
first year students of SLTP

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing; HP 0

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YOUR JOBS++ NEXT WEEK

1.
2.

3.
4.

Write a summary on chapter III of thesis U find.

Identify: what, how, and why: (a) design, (b)
population and sample, (c) instrument and try-out
procedures, (d) data collection techniques, and
(e) data analysis techniques
Explain the links between research problem,
purposes/hypothesis; chapter II and chapter III.
Maximum 2 pages in one-space computer.

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing; HP 0

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Background
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

History of the problems

Identification of the problems
Analysis/ limitation of the problems
Research question/ problem statement/
problem formulation
Empirical background
Theoretical background
Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing; HP 0
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Review of Related Literature

Grand theories
2. Moderate theories
3. Applied theories
1.

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BASIC CONSIDERATIONS
1. Use appropriate models: citation, sources,
and actuality.
2. Include considerably grand theory, moderate
theory, and applied theory into proportional
sections.
3. Show the you as identity of researcher
position making dialogue.
4. Show variety of recent and qualified reading
sources with actual frame.

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis

Insentif guru BPP tahun 2009 dijamin cair (Imdad Hamid).

Usulan insentif guru sudah masuk tapi tidak bisa dijamin cair
tepat waktu (Ketua DPRD Bpp)
Sampai saat ini usulan insentif guru belum diterima Diknas (Ka
Diknas Bpp)
Insentif guru Bpp masih simpang siur. Tiga pejabat
memberi informasi yang saling bertentangan. Walikota
menjelaskan insentif dijamin cair (Imdad, 2009). Tetapi
penjelasan ini dibantah oleh ketua DRPD BPP. Menurut
Solong (2009) usulan sudah masuk tetapi tidak ada jaminan
akan cair tepat waktu. Ketika informasi ini dikonfirmasi ke
Diknas, diperoleh jawaban yang mencengangkan. Kadiknas
(2009) bahkan menjelaskan usulan insentif belum pernah
dia terima.

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis

MAJOR PLACES OF THEORY

1.
2.

3.
4.

In the background as a summary review

Review section in a separate chapter, normally
in Chapter II as methodological and theoretical
review
Integrative critical review in methodology
Discussion section to comment the findings in
relation with concepts of the theory cited.

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing

; HP 081555666000

THE YOU
1.

2.

3.

Presence of critical review showing position of

the researcher: agree, disagree, confront,
replicate.
Using comments, discussion, critiques, or
replication of cited propositions.
High command of description showing citation,
summary, paraphrase, analyzing, or
synthesizing various text sources.

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing;

HP 081555666000

PRIORITY OF REVIEW
1.

2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Begin with journal articles

a. Start with single studies and move to
syntheses on topics
b. Start with most recent studies then
backward in time
Go with textbooks
a. Research monograph
b. Books on single topic containing different writers
Conference papers
Dissertation or thesis abstracts
Research maps
Electronic, online, and computerized data base

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing;

HP 081555666000

DESIGN TECHNIQUES
Journal of a Research Study or Essay
1. Mention the problem addressed
2. State central focus/purpose
3. Brief information on sample or subject
4. Review key result related to the study
5. Mention the methodological and technical
flaws in the study
Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing; HP 0
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Essay or Opinion Sources

1.
2.
3.

Mention the problems in the essay

Identify the central theme
Identify the major conclusion related to
the theme
4. If the review is methodological,
mention flaws in reasoning, logic, force
of argument.
Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing; HP 081
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TECHNIQUES OF DEVELOPMENT
1.
2.
3.
4.

5.

6.

Summary
Paraphrase
Citation: direct and indirect
Developing details: quotation,
statistics, contrast, facts, experience
Rhetoric: direct, correct transition
word or phrase
Writing references
Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis

SAMPLE REVIEW
Title: Pronunciation Problems in Speaking
Classes Faced by the First Semester
Students of English Dept.
Variable: Pronunciation problems in
speaking class
Unit of analysis: 1st semester students of
English Dept. Unmul
Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing;
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Grand Theories
1.
2.

Linguistics: pronunciation
Teaching: pronunciation problems in
classroomTEFL

Moderate theories--SLA
1. Teaching pronunciation to foreign students
2. teaching speaking

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis

Applied Theories
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Techniques of teaching speaking

Problems in speaking
Problems in teaching speaking
Characteristics of students in speaking class
Teaching speaking in Unmul
Problems by Unmuls students in speaking

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing;

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Theoretical Framework
This study uses major theories on
linguistics and TEFL. Linguistically, Johns
(1985) theory on pronunciation is used. In
the TEFL, teaching ESL theory from Oxford
(1996) is applied. In practice, teaching
speaking is discussed through problems of
teaching and characteristics of students
problem in utterances. To this end, CTL from FSI
(Miami College, USA, 2003) is used for the main
frame of discussion.
Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing
; HP 081555666000

OUTLINE OF THEORIES
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.

Pronunciation in Linguistics
The Nature of Pronunciation in Teaching
Teaching of Speaking
Teaching Pronunciation in Speaking Class
Problems of Pronunciation in Speaking Class
Speaking Class in Unmul
Problems of Pronunciation in Speaking Class
of Unmul
8. Review of Studies in Pronunciation
Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing; HP 081
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CHAPTER II
REVIEW OF RELATED
2.1. The Nature of Pronunciation
LITERATURE

2.2. Pronunciation in Linguistics

2.3. The Nature of Pronunciation in Teaching
2.4 Teaching of Speaking
2.5 Teaching Pronunciation in Speaking Class
2.5.1 Problems of Pronunciation in Speaking Class
2.5.2 Speaking Class in Unmul
2.5.3 Problems of Pronunciation in Speaking Class of Unmul
2.6 Theoretical Framework
2.7 Review of Earlier Studies

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing

; HP 081555666000

SOURCES OF REFERENCES
Theoretical basis
1. Linguistics: pronunciations, outline of
pronunciation in linguistics
2. SLA: teaching speaking, methods of
teaching, problems of teaching speaking,
teaching pronunciation
3. Teaching in university: curriculum Unmul,
catalogue, strategies in teaching speaking
Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing; HP 0
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Empirical Basis
1.

2.

3.

Research results (theses, dissertation, journals)

on teaching speaking: strategies, problems,
pronunciation problems in speaking class
Journal review on teaching speaking with
emphasis on pronunciation problems
Textbook review on pronunciation problems in
speaking class

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing

; HP 081555666000

Methodological basis
1.
2.
3.
4.

Textbooks/journals on qualitative methods

and research design
Textbooks/journals on classroom research
and research design
Textbooks/journals on classroom
assessment
Textbooks/journal on developing instrument

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing

; HP 081555666000

Main Documents
1.

2.

3.

Profile report on English students of

Unmul
Curriculum and syllabus of English
department in Unmul
Portfolio of English students of
Unmul

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing; HP 081

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Complimentary Documents and

Sources
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

Correspondences
Government publication
Associate profile of university students
On line document in internets
Government curriculum in English
Other qualified reports from institutions, e.g.
world bank, Mendiknas, Diknas, etc.

Dr. Teguh Budiharso, Thesis Writing

; HP 081555666000