Professional Documents
Culture Documents
By:
David Raja Marpaung S.IP, M.Def
Conflict Timeline
Helsinki MoU
Strategic Analysis
Conflict Stages and Response
Peace Agenda
Key Challenges
Generation of Alternatives
Recommendation
Discussion
Daud Beurueh Movement (1953-1959)
Part of Indonesia Islamic Army (DI/TII
Motive : Islamic State / Structure in Indonesia
Solved by dialogue : Sukarno promises Islamic Sharia law to be
implemented in Aceh not until 2000s
1976 Hasan Tiro declared the Aceh State's Independence
Motive : ethnonationalist, inequality
Quick Military Response by RI Gov, GAM was crushed in 1979
GAM political leadership fled the country
Libya training started in 1986
1989 GAM reappeared in Aceh
Libyan graduates recruit and train hundreds more
1989-1998 Aceh as DOM
Heavy handed COIN operations
1991, GAM is uprooted militarily
:
Political leadership intact (exiled)
Safe haven in Malaysia
Young generation of GAM sympathizer
1998 Fall of Suharto
RI Gov start decentralization
policy : little effect on inequality
issue
1999 East Timor Independence →
referendum
Security
o GAM will surrender their weapons
o Non organic troops and police are to be withdrawn
Economy
o 70% revenue of Aceh's Natural Resource goes back to
Aceh
o Aceh has the right to conduct trade and business
internally and internationally
o Aceh has the right to raise funds with external loans
Politics
Lack of trust & confidence
Lack of strategy in handling Aceh’s new phase of peace and
development (go beyond reconstruction & reintegration to
conflict transformation & long term development)
Political support for peace plan is susceptible to change of
President
Diffusion of responsibilities and leadership
Weak FKK organization as body of communication and dispute
resolution after AMM is disbanded
Security
New form of violence is taking over
Ineffective reintegration programs of combatants
David Raja Marpaung. Lecture
University of Indonesia, also Indonesia
Politic and Defense Consultant. Email:
davidrajamarpaung@gmail.com 12
Key Challenges
Economy & Development
Not many jobs created, even with the huge
international funds
Lack of capacity and transparency within local gov to
absorb funds for productive economy
Loss of competitiveness due to massive inflow of
funds
Corruption and entittlement culture
Social and Justice
HR Court,Truth & Reconciliation Comission not yet
established
David Raja Marpaung. Lecture
University of Indonesia, also Indonesia
Politic and Defense Consultant. Email:
davidrajamarpaung@gmail.com 13
Generation of Alternative
Multiple Approach
Top
Leaders
Middle-level
Leaders
Grassroots
leaders
Politics:
o Both side must continue to show gesture for confidence building, for example
GAM must show their commitment to RI and give up their separatist ideology by
disbanding GAM and stop GAMinization of Aceh Gov. RI must speed up the full
implementation of MoU Helsinki points.
o There should be a clear strategy and role among RI Gov bodies on Aceh for
implementation of Helsinki and Law on Governing Aceh to ensure lasting peace
o International community must also monitor both RI and GAM commitment to
the peace process.
o Strengthening of FKK as RI-GAM forum for peace
Security
o Enforcement of Rule of Law : Police, Penal dan Justice reform
o Quick reaction on the violence by spoilers group