DRILLING

Erwan Setiawan

Drilling and Well Constructions.

Drilling Program data.

Before we work on the Drilling Program we must have the complete

the following data :
- Reservoir Program, what kind of formations will be produced c/w
Formation pressure, depth, etc.
- The data of neighbor wells ( as references ).
- What kind of formation will be passed thru.
- Data of Shallow gas, if any.
- Data of Materials will be used in Drilling program, as :
1. Casing size and grade, Cementing Equipment, Centralizers
and all accessories of Cementing Equipment, Cement and chemical
for Cementing Job.

2. Drilling bits and all accessories for Drilling String, as the

following and all Parts must be available on the rig with back up.
3. Wellhead and all accessories ( included X-mas tree or abandon
well if Dry hole ).
4. Fishing tools , included DP or tubing Explosives and Chemical
Cutter and to exploded DC or TJ threads for any sizes of tubular
has on the rig.
5. Drilling Mud and fluids, Loss Circulating Materials ( LCM ), etc.

THE ROLE OF DRILLING PRACTICES

The term Drilling

Practices
encompasses
pretty much
everything from
moving onto
location to
reaching Well TD.

THE ROLE OF DRILLING PRACTICES

In reaching Well
TD, a significant
variety of things
can happen.
Once we have
reached TD again,
a significant
variety of things
can happen.

THE ROLE OF DRILLING PRACTICES

Not is only is it
vital that we drill /
test / complete the
well economically,
but it is vital
indeed crucial
that we drill the
well safely.

DRILLING OPERATIONS.
Standard Phase, Bit and Casing
size.
Phase

Conductor : (Casing 30
hammered)
Phase 26: Bit 26,Casing 20
Phase 17 :Bit 17 ,Casing 13 3/8
Phase 12 1/4:Bit 12 1/4,Casing 9 5/8
Phase 8 1/2 : Bit 8 1/2 ,Casing 7

Standard Well Configuration

Conductor 30
Surface Casing 20
Intermediate Casing 13 3/8
Production Casing 9 5/8
Liner 7 or 5
Production Tubing 3 to 4

5/5/16

DRILLING OPERATIONS
Gas Well Configuration
Monobore.
Conductor

30
Surface Casing 13 3/8
Intermediate Casing 9 5/8
Production Casing 7
Production Tubing 4

New Gas Well

Configuration Tubing Less
Conductor 30
Surface Casing NA
Intermediate Casing 13-3/8 x 9 5/8 or
7
Production Casing 4

5/5/16

DRILLING PRACTICES

SHALLOW GAS

STATISTICALLY SHALLOW
GAS IS THE MOST LIKELY
SINGLE CAUSE OF KICKS
LEADING TO BLOWOUTS

DRILLING PRACTICES

SHALLOW GAS

Shallow gas is considered to be any gas accumulation encountered during drilling at

a depth above the setting point of the first string of casing intended for, or capable
of, pressure containment. Shallow gas generally occurs as normally pressured
accumulations in shallow sedimentary formations with high porosities and high
permeability.
Drilling through such a gas bearing formation requires extreme caution. Because of
the difficulty in early detection of an influx while drilling top hole sections and the
shallow nature of the hole, the gas, upon entering the wellbore, expands and reaches
the surface very rapidly and with little warning.
It may be decided to either shut-in the well or divert, if shut-in pressures combined

DRILLING PRACTICES

SHALLOW GAS

PLANNING AND ASSESSMENT OF RISK

PRIOR TO STARTING OF DRILLING

OPERATIONS, THE RIG MANAGER
MUST DISCUSS WITH THE OPERATOR
THE ASSESSMENT OF THE RISK OF
SHALLOW GAS.
THE WELL DESIGN AND SPECIFIC
OPERATING PROCEDURES WILL BE
REVIEWED IN THE LIGHT OF THIS
ASSESSMENT.

DRILLING PRACTICES

SHALLOW GAS

LOCATIONS WHERE SHALLOW GAS MAY OCCUR

Exploration wells in general.

Wells drilled in shallow gas prone areas.
Wells with probable / possible shallow gas
identified by a preliminary shallow gas
investigation.
Wells drilled in developed fields where charged
shallow sands could occur due to poorly cemented
casing strings.

DRILLING PRACTICES

SHALLOW GAS

EVALUATION OF SHALLOW GAS RISK

IS THERE A MULTI-CHANNEL, HIGH RESOLUTION DIGITAL SEISMIC SURVEY?
YES

NO

WHAT SOURCE WAS USED?

AIR GUNS OR
WATER GUNS

SPARKER SURVEY OLD

TECHNOLOGY POOR RESULTS

IN THE ABSENCE OF THIS SURVEY DATA THE

OPERATOR MUST BE REQUESTED TO CONDUCT THE
SURVEY PRIOR TO SPUDDING.
THE OPERATIONS MANAGER SHOULD REFER TO THE
REGION MANAGER IF THE SURVEY WILL NOT BE
DONE.

HOW MANY CHANNELS WERE RECORDED AND AT WHAT RATE

48 CHANNELS; 0.5
TO 1 MILLISECOND
RATE

24 CHANNELS
OR LESS

WHAT LENGTH OF STREAMER WAS USED?

600 METRES, OK

300 METRES, NOT GOOD

DO YOU MIND IF I HAVE A CONFIDENTIAL COPY OF THE SURVEY FOR

INDEPENDENT COMMENTS WITH RESECT TO SHALLOW GAS?

DRILLING PRACTICES

SHALLOW GAS

SHALLOW GAS PLAN

CREW POSITIONS AND THEIR SPECIFIC DUTIES WILL BE REVIEWED.

DRILLS MUST BE HELD BY EACH CREW AT THE BEGINNING OF EACH TOUR

DURING THIS DRILLING PHASE TO FAMILIARIZE ALL PERSONNEL WITH THE
APPROPRIATE AND IMMEDIATE ACTIONS IN CASE OF SHALLOW GAS KICK.
ONE OF THESE DRILLS, CONDUCTED PRIOR TO DRILLING, WILL INCLUDE
MUSTERING CREW AND SIMULATION OF PROCEDURES NECESSARY TO
DISCONNECT / MOVE OFF LOCATION (FLOATING RIGS ONLY).

EVACUATION PLANS FOR ALL NON-ESSENTIAL PERSONNEL MUST BE PREPARED.

EMERGENCY POWER SHUT-DOWN PROCEDURES MUST BE PREPARED.
DISCONNECTING AND / OR MOVING OFF LOCATION PROCEDURES FOR
FLOATING RIGS MUST BE PREPARED.

DRILLING PRACTICES

SHALLOW GAS

PREPARATIONS PRIOR TO DRILLING

(CHECKLIST)

TEST ALL GAS DETECTORS AND ALARMS.

AT LEAST ONE WINDSOCK MUST BE INSTALLED IN A PROMINENT POSITION VISIBLE FROM THE MUSTER POINT.
HOLD SAFETY MEETINGS WITH ESSENTIAL PERSONNEL AND EXPLAIN PLANS AND PROCEDURES.
A FLOAT VALVE MUST BE RUN TO PREVENT SUDDEN FLOW UP THE DRILLSTRING. (POLICY)
FOR FLOATING RIGS, TO OBSERVE FOR GAS, THE SUBSEA TV OR AN ROV SHOULD BE POSITIONED SO THAT
RETURNS CAN BE MONITORED AT THE SEABED. IN ADDITION, A WATCH MAY BE POSTED IN THE MOONPOOL
AREA.
THE STANDBY VESSEL WILL BE POSITIONED UPWIND OF THE RIG.
DRILLING OPERATIONS WILL BE SUSPENDED AND A RISK ASSESSMENT CONDUCTED IF THE RIGS GAS
DETECTION SYSTEM FAILS.
DRILLING OPERATIONS WILL BE SUSPENDED AND A RISK ASSESSMENT CONDUCTED IF THE RIGS MUD
MONITORING SYSTEM BECOME UNAVAILABLE WHILE USING A CLOSED MUD SYSTEM.
HOT WORK WILL NOT BE PERMITTED WHILE SHALLOW GAS PROCEDURES ARE IN FORCE.
WATER DELUGE SYSTEMS WILL BE RUNNING ON ALL ENGINE EXHAUST SYSTEMS INCLUDING THE EMERGENCY
GENERATOR.
THE DIVERTER INSERT WILL BE INSTALLED AND LOCKED IN POSITION AT ALL TIMES WITH THE EXCEPTION
WHERE BHA COMPONENTS WILL NOT PASS THROUGH.

DRILLING PRACTICES

SHALLOW GAS

DIVERTER PROCEDURES WHILE DRILLING

SURFACE BOPS
At first sign of flow:
Do not stop pumping.
Open diverter line to divert / close diverter (both functions should
be interlocked).
Increase pump speed to maximum rate.
Switch suction on the mud pumps to heavy mud in the reserve pit.
Zero the stroke counter.
Raise the alarm and make announcement on PA system. Inform the
Toolpusher and OIM. Post personnel to watch for gas.
If the well appears to have stop flowing after pumping the heavy
mud, stop the pumps and observe the well.
If the well continues to flow after the heavy mud has been
pumped, carry on pumping from the active system and prepare to
pump water. Also consider mixing heavier kill mud.
When all the mud has been consumed, switch the pumps to water.
Do not stop pumping for as long as the well continues to flow.

DRILLING PRACTICES

SHALLOW GAS

DIVERTER PROCEDURES WHILE DRILLING

SUBSEA BOPS
Note: The slip joint packer is the most vulnerable item of equipment in
the marine riser system during diverting operations.
Rigs with subsea BOPs should shut the well in when possible.
Moving the rig off location immediately may be the best option.
If diverting is necessary, do not stop pumping.
Open diverter line and close the diverter.
Increase pump strokes to maximum pumping rate.
If a pin connector is in use, unlatch the connector.
Switch the suction line on the pumps to heavy mud in the reserve pit.
Raise the alarm and make announcement on PA system. Inform the
Toolpusher and OIM. Post personnel to watch for gas.
Continue to pump until all mud has been consumed, switch pumps to
water.
Make preparations to move the rig off location.

DRILLING PRACTICES

SHALLOW GAS

DIVERTER PROCEDURES WHILE TRIPPING

SURFACE BOPS
At first sign of flow:
Set pipe in the slips.
Open diverter line, close diverter (functions should be
interlocked).
Make up topdrive / kelly.
Start pumping at maximum pump speed.
Switch suction line to heavy mud in the reserve pit. Zero the
stroke counter.
Raise the alarm on the PA system and notify the Toolpusher and
OIM.
If the well appears to have stopped flowing after pumping the
heavy mud, stop the pumps and observe the well.
Prepare to run back to bottom.
If the well continues to flow after the heavy mud has been
pumped, carry on pumping from the active system and prepare to
pump water. Also consider mixing heavier kill mud.
When all the mud has been consumed, switch the pumps to water.

DRILLING PRACTICES

SHALLOW GAS

DIVERTER PROCEDURES WHILE TRIPPING

SUBSEA BOPS
At first sign of flow:
Set pipe in the slips.
Open diverter line, close diverter (functions should be interlocked).
Disconnect the pin connector (or open dump valves and increase
the slip joint packer pressure).
Make up top drive / kelly.
Start pumping at maximum pump speed.
Switch suction line to heavy mud in the reserve pit. Zero the stroke
counter.
Raise the alarm on the PA system, notify Toolpusher and OIM.
Post personnel to watch for gas at the waterline.
If the well appears to continue to flow after the heavy mud has
been pumped, carry on pumping from the active system and prepare
to pump water. Also consider mixing heavier kill mud. When all the
mud has been consumed, switch the pumps to water. Do not stop
pumping for as long as the well continues to flow.
Prepare to move the rig off location.

SHALLOW GAS PROCEDURE

PRIOR TO DRILLING
Function test Diverter and flash with water
Mud pump, kill mud and water pump alignment understood
Gas detection system tested
Drills carried out :
Well control
ESD, black shutdown
Emergency fill-up
Abandon rig
5. Kill mud ready
6. Hot Work Permits cancelled
7. Cold start of cementing unit and gravity feed
1.
2.
3.
4.

AT FIRST INDICATION OF THE WELL FLOWING

IF WELL NOT FLOWING

1. Gradually reduce pump rate and try to see if well is stable without pumping
2. If it is stop pumps, observe well and wait for instructions
1.
2.
3.
4.
1.
2.
3.
4.

IF WELL STILL FLOWING

Evacuate all non essential personnel
Pump until mud exhausted then switch to seawater
Start generators and deluge system at wellhead area
Evacuate remaining personnel
IF LOSSES
Increase pump rate to maximum
Pump water down annulus via emergency fill-up line
Pump LCM pill
If required switch to water. Attempt to keep the hole full

Water Fill-up
Valve (losses)
Diverter Valves

WELL CONTROL WHILST DRILLING

1.
2.
3.
4.

IF ANY OF THE FOLLOWING SIGNS OCCUR

DURING DRILLING
Choke Line HCR closed
Upper and lower Kill Line HCR closed
Manifold lined up through primary choke and degasser
Choke and valve preceding choke closed

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

DRILLING POSITION

Drilling break
Increase in return flow
Increase in pit level
Gas cut mud
Abnormal
increase in flowline temperature
INVESTIGATE

SBR
PR
VBR

1. Pick up and put TJ at appropriate height to rotary table

2. Shut off pumps
3. Monitor on trip tank and call TP and Company Rep
IF WELL STABLE
1. Circulate BU
2. Check pit levels
3. Resume drilling
IF WELL FLOWING FAST SHUT IN
1. Close annular preventer
2. Open choke HCR and valve upstream choke
3. Check space out and close upper ram
4. Open annular preventer
5. Record DP and casing pressure
COMMENCE APPROPRIATE WELL KILL METHOD :
1. Preferred well control technique is Drillers Method
* Use HP slim hole Kick Control to select Circulation Rate,
to break at shoe

F/SHUT IN POSITION

SBR
PR
VBR

NORMAL KILL CIRC

SICP, not

2. Check influx volume against kick tolerance guidelines in

drilling program to ensure kick can be circulated out. If not
bullheading is indicated
3. Use upper choke and upper kill line as primary
4. Never bleed off pressure if MAASP exceeded unless surface
equipment/casing is approaching the limit or there is a real risk
of cratering around the rig
11/03/2004 DKF/DRL/MTH & DKF/DRL/TTH
5. Monitor mud gas separator at all times. Be prepared to divert

SBR
PR
VBR

WELL CONTROL WHILST TRIPPING

DURING TRIPPING
Choke line HCR closed
Upper and lower kill line HCR closed
Manifold lined up through primary choke and degasser
Choke and valve preceding choke closed
Well lined up on trip tank
Driller and Mud Loggers recording well fill

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.

SBR
PR
VBR

IF WELL DOES NOT TAKE CORRECT FILL OR SIGNS OF FLOW

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Stop tripping
Set slips with TJ above rotary
Stab full opening safety valve
Flow check
Call Rig Superintendent and Comapany Representative

Well Stable
1. Run pipe back to bottom
2. Close annular
3. Make up TDS and circulate bottoms up
at SCR through open choke
4. If required adjust choke to keep DP
pressure constant

Well Flowing
1. Close full opening safety valve
2. Close annular
3. Open upper choke line HCR and valve
upstream of choke
4. Monitor pressure
5. Decide on well control procedure
(possibly stripping)

If unable to stab full opening safety valve

1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

11/03/2004 DKF/DRL/MTH& DKF/DRL/TTH

Make up TDS
Close annular
Open upper choke line HCR valve
Monitor pressure
Decide on well control procedure

WELL CONTROL WHILST LOGGING

DURING LOGGING
1. Two Way Communications between driller and loggers
functional
2. Wireline Cutter available at drillers console
3. Drill Pipe with Dart Sub and full opening safety valve ready
to stab
4. Trip tank pumps running
5. Ready to monitor trip tank

SBR
PR

Note:

7- 46NTXS 0.464 cable 1000 m = 0.109 m3

7- 46NTXSS 0.464 cable 1000 m = 0.109 m3
IF THE WELL GIVES ANY INDICATIONS OF THE FOLLOWING
7- 48ZXXS 0.479 cable 1000 m = 0.116 m3
1. Well fill up anomaly
This volume valid for Schlumberger cable
2. Increase in return flow
3. Pit level increase
1.
2.
3.
4.

Perform the following procedures

Stop logging
Shut off trip tank pump
Monitor well on trip tank
Call Rig Superintendent and Company Representative

If well is stable

If well is flowing

1. Close annular (low pressure)

Pull logging tool out slowly
2. Lower sheave to slack off line
Run DP to bottom
3. Prepare to cut line
Circulate bottoms up
Circulate last 1000m through
theIf
degasser
Annular leaking with wire in the well
1. Try increasing control pressure
2. If still leaking cut cable
3. Reduce pressure on annular to release cable
4. Close shear rams
5. Bleed off pressure above shear rams
6. Open annular, ensure all HCR valves are closed
7. Run DP with dart sub and full opening savety valve to below annular
8. Close annular on DP
9. Line up line below shear rams through the choke and monitor pressure
10.Decide
on well control
method
11/03/2004
DKF/DRL/MTH&
DKF/DRL/TTH
1.
2.
3.
4.

VBR

DRILLING PRACTICES

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

Directional Well Types

Vertical Type

S Type

Slant (J) Type

Horizontal Type

DRILLING PRACTICES

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

DEFLECTION
TECHNIQUES

The main techniques for deflecting a

well are:
WHIPSTOCKS

JETTING

ROTARY DRILLING

MOTORS

Whipstocks
Typical Bottom trip
style Whip stock

DRILLING PRACTICES

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

DIRECTIONAL CONTROL WITH ROTARY

storically, it has always been possible
to control the inclination of directional wel
SYSTEMS

ring rotary drilling by correct assembly design and the use of appropriate drilling
rameters. Azimuth control, however, has always been difficult.

ajectory is affected by the following parameters:

GAUGE AND PLACEMENT OF STABILISERS
DIAMETER AND LENGTH OF DRILL COLLARS
WEIGHT ON BIT
ROTARY SPEED
BIT TYPE
FORMATION ANISOTROPY (PROPERTIES VARY HORIZONTALLY/VERTICALLY)
AND DIP ANGLE OF THE BEDDING PLANES
FORMATION HARDNESS
FLOW RATE
RATE OF PENETRATION

GAUGE AND PLACEMENT OF STABILISERS

The gauge and placement of stabilisers, combined with drilling
parameters,
has a marked effect on the ability of a rotary assembly to build, drop or
hold inclination.
PRINCIPLE principles:
There FULCRUM
are three fundamental

STABILISATION PRINCIPLE

PENDULUM PRINCIPLE

DRILLING PRACTICES

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

FULCRUM PRINCIPLE
An assembly with a full gauge near
bit stabiliser and 40 ft 120 ft of drill
collars before the next stabiliser will
build angle when weight is applied.

WEIGH
T

PIVOT POINT
FULCRUM

SIDE FORCE AT
BIT

RESULTANT
FORCE AT BIT

FULL GAUGE
NEAR BIT
STABILISER

SIDE FORCE AT
STABILISER
(PIVOT POINT)

DRILLING PRACTICES

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

DRILL COLLAR

STABILISATION PRINCIPLE
B

FULL GAUGE STRING

STABILISER

DRILL COLLAR

FULL GAUGE STRING

STABILISER
SHORT DRILL
COLLAR
FULL GAUGE
NB STABILISER
BIT

A
A

PACKED ASSEMBLY FORCES BIT

TO DRILL A REASONABLY
STRAIGHT HOLE

DRILLING PRACTICES

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

PENDULUM PRINCIPLE
FULL GAUGE STRING
STABILISER
DRILL COLLAR
FULL GAUGE STRING
STABILISER
DRILL COLLAR

BIT
WOB

WEIGHT

EXCESSIVE WOB
MAY CAUSE
BUILD

DRILLING PRACTICES

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

BIT TYPE

No effect on build, hold or drop angle.

Will tend to walk to the right.

Short toothed bits in hard formations,

much lesser tendency to walk to the right

Low weight on bit and high rotary speeds

produce little walk tendency.
They do have an effect on hole angle.

DRILLING PRACTICES

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

FORMATION ANISOTROPY
DIP ANGLE =

UNEQUAL CHIP VOLUMES

BED
D
PLAN ING
E

Updip

Downdip

Fd

500
0

250
0
Fd Deviation force 0
(N)
250
0
500
0

< 45o up dip

> 45o down
dip

1
5

3
0

4
5

6
0

7
0

100
0
500
0 Fd Deviation force
(lbs)
500
100
0

DRILLING PRACTICES

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

BIT WALK TENDENCIES

Direction required is Direction required is
right of down dip
left of down dip
direction.
direction.

Bit tends to
walk left

Bit tends to
walk right

Greater than 45o

down dip

Direction required is
left of up dip
direction.

Direction required is
right of up dip
direction.

Bit tends to
walk right

Less than 45o up

dip

Bit tends to
walk left

DRILLING PRACTICES

DIRECTIONAL DRILLING

FORMATION
HARDNESS
SOFT FORMATIONS

REDUCE NOZZLE VELOCITY

CONNECTIONS

DROPPING EFFECT

HARD FORMATIONS
BHAs BEHAVIOUR
ASSEMBLY DROP

RSS - Rotary Steerable System.

What is Rotary Steerable Drilling?

Allows controlled directional drilling to be performed while

drilling entirely in the rotary drilling mode (as opposed to
conventional slide drilling and by Controlling from Surface ).
2D Rotary Steerable Adjustable Stabilisers- allow some
small control in inclination only while rotating.
3D Rotary Steerable This is what most people are referring to
when discussing Rotary Steerable technology.

RSS BHA
RSS

Advantages:

Better Borehole Quality (Hole Cleaning,Wellbore Path

Faster Drilling (ROP, Motor Orientation)
More Accurate Well Placement.
Better 3-Dimensional Trajectory Control .
Less Well Cost

RSS

Type ( Method of Steering ) :

- Push The Bit (Side force applied to the bit to increase

side cutting action).

- Point The Bit (The bit is tilted relative to the rest of
the
tool to achieve the desired trajectory)

Rotary Steerable System Schlumberger.

PushThe Bit Technology

Powerdrive

Xtra
Direction of
Pad
displacement

The pad gives lateral force to

the borehole, thus deviates the
hole in the direction requested.

Control
Shaft,
mechanica
lly linked
to Control
Shaft

Disc Valve
rotation

BUILD
Actuator
Stationary
control
valve

Bias
direction
= Tool
Face

RIGHT
TURN
Actuator

Stationary control
valve

Principle of Operation

Side force or Push-the-Bit tool

Pads extend dynamically from a
rotating housing
Compact and Logistically Simple

PowerDrive BHA Controlling Factors

Control variables

Bit characteristics
Stabilizer gauge
Flex characteristics
Hydraulics* (600-800 psi Delta P below
tool)

PowerDrive - Bias Unit

3 pads driven by hydraulic actuators

Actuators apply lateral

force to the bit while
rotating at bit speed

RSS BHA (Schlumberger)

PushThe Bit Technology Powerdrive Xtra

nit
U
s
Bia

Un
l
o
tr
n
o
C

it

Turbine

Steering Actuator Pad

Control Unit

Bias Unit

RSS BHA
Point The Bit Technology - Geopilot
(Halliburton)
Rotating Shaft is deflected in center

between bearings with dual eccentric

cams
Results in bit tilt in opposite direction

RSS BHA (Halliburton)

Operation Principal
Shaft

Cantilever Bearing
prevents shaft from
bending above it.

Eccentric Rings
Bend Shaft

Focal Bearing
Allows Bit To Tilt

Drill Bit Tilts in

Opposite Direction of
Bend
Creating a Toolface

AutoTrak Steering Unit

(G2.5 & G3.0 systems)
Reliability
Redundant rib design
Mud Cooled Bearings
No Rotating Seals
No Reciprocating
Dynamic Seals
Steering Precision
Closed loop steering
control
Closed loop rib pressure
control
High accuracy near bit
inclination
Versatility
Modular design
Local Maintenance

Baker Hughes Inteq.

Non-Rotating Sleeve
Steering Ribs &
associated
hydraulic
systems

Integrated BHA Concept

Steering Unit
Near Bit Inclination

Rotational
Densitiy

AutoTrak
X-treme Motor

Annular
Pressure

Caliper Corrected
Neutron (Porosity)

TesTrak
Formation Pressure Tester

Gamma Ray
Resistivity

Directional
Vibration

Two-way
Telemetry Unit

Acoustic Properties eXplorer

CSDP

Integrated RS and LWD System.

THANK YOU